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神经损伤与功能重建 2020年第4期 249-249页

作者： Trigiani LJ Lacalle-Aurioles M Bourourou M Li L Greenhalgh AD Zarruk JG David S Fehlings MG hamel e 杜一星 Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Research Montreal Neurological Institute McGill University Division of Genetics and Development Krembil Research Institute University Health Network Center for Research in Neuroscience The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center

白质(WM)病理是血管性认知障碍和痴呆(VCID)的临床预测指征。我们近期发现,过表达转化生长因子-β1(TGF)的小鼠具有潜在的脑血管病理学基础,这种小鼠如果进食高胆固醇饮食(HCD)可发展为认知缺陷小鼠(VCID小鼠),而这一进程可以通过体育锻... 详细信息

白质(WM)病理是血管性认知障碍和痴呆(VCID)的临床预测指征。我们近期发现,过表达转化生长因子-β1(TGF)的小鼠具有潜在的脑血管病理学基础,这种小鼠如果进食高胆固醇饮食(HCD)可发展为认知缺陷小鼠(VCID小鼠),而这一进程可以通过体育锻炼(eX)预防。我们进一步研究了VCID小鼠的认知功能和白质病理学,并研究了中等强度有氧锻炼对白质改变的保护作用的细胞基质。实验动物分为6组:野生型(WT)和TGF小鼠(n=20～24只/组)用标准实验室饲料或2%的高胆固醇饮食喂养,其中2组高胆固醇饮食喂养的同时使用了行走轮。高胆固醇饮食对TGF小鼠的工作记忆和物体识别记忆有显着的负面作用,体育锻炼可以预防该负面作用,其中对认知记忆的改善在高胆固醇饮食喂养的野生型小鼠中也有作用。腮须诱发的脑血流量(CBF)的增加在高胆固醇饮食喂养的小鼠中减少,体育锻炼逆转了这一改变,并且对白质基线脑血流量也产生了类似的作用。VCID小鼠表现出以复合动作电位振幅减小为特征的白质功能缺陷,在体育锻炼组中未发现该特征性改变。此外,VCID小鼠的白质中毛细血管塌陷增加,表达半乳凝素-3的小胶质细胞数量增加,而少突胶质细胞数量减少。上述表现均被体育锻炼阻止。我们的发现表明,VCID小鼠脑循环受损先于白质血管形成减少,白质炎症增强和少突胶质生成受损。所有这些都可能导致VCID小鼠对发生记忆障碍的易感性增加病理改变,均可以通过体育锻炼预防。要点:高胆固醇饮食情况下,大脑循环异常会增加发生伴随着认知缺陷发展的白质解剖和功能性变化的易感性。该现象可以通过运动转化疗法来预防。

关键词：脑血流高胆固醇血症体育锻炼血管性认知障碍与痴呆白质

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Strategic intent

Strategic intent

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作者： Gary hamel C.K. Prahalad.

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Research on arbuscular mycorrhizae in Cuba:a historical review and future perspectives

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Studies in Fungi 2021年第1期6卷 240-262页

作者： Furrazola e Torres-Arias Y Ojeda-Quintana L Fors RO Rodríguez-Rodríguez R Ley-Rivas JF Mena A González-González S Berbara RLL Queiroz MB hamel C Goto BT Instituto de ecología y Sistemática CITMA Carretera Varona 11835 e/Oriente y LinderoLa Havana 19CalabazarBoyerosLa HavanaCuba CUM Cumanayagua Universidad de Cienfuegos“Carlos R.Rodríguez”CienfuegosCuba Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro Instituto de AgronomiaSeropedicaRJBrazil Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agropecuarias(INCA) Gaveta Postal 1San Joséde las LajasMayabequeCuba Universidad de Temuco Chile Programa de Pós-graduação em Sistemática e evolução CBUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do NorteCampus Universitário59072-970NatalRNBrazil Quebec Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada2560 Hochelaga BlvdQuebec CityQCCanada G1V 2J3

This review presents the development of researches on arbuscular mycorrhizae(AM)conducted in Cuba,a tropical Caribbean island rich in *** key findings from this work are highlighted and presented as a stepping stone for future *** research has contributed to understand the diversity and functionality of AM in several tropical ecosystems,mainly evergreen forests,agroecosystems,sand dunes and *** were conducted in 10 out of 16 provinces reported 79 AM species,representing 25%of the known species *** researchers have a great deal of expertise in Glomeromycota taxonomy and have described 11 new species,of which six were not reported elsewhere in the ***,important studies conducted in Cuba have shed light on the mycotrophic plants,the role of AM in forest ecosystems,and their use in crop *** contribution of AM to ecosystem processes is a priority line of *** and multidisciplinary researches are necessary to define the role of AM symbioses and improve biogeochemical *** created Cuban Mycorrhizal Research Network will help to coordinate validation campaigns for various biofertilizers with training courses for Cuban farmers to disseminate the key results on *** the challenges for Cuban mycorrhizologists,molecular(genomic)techniques,stable isotopes and nuclear magnetic resonance should also be included as priority lines of research in the future.

关键词： Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi diversity ecosystems mycorrhizal research symbiotic associations

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