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作者： hameed gul 西南大学

学位级别：硕士

玉米是世界上最重要的禾本科作物之一,也是植物育种以及植物遗传学、植物驯化与进化相关研究的模式植物之一。在玉米生产上,高产与优质一直以来都是全球玉米生产的主要方向。中国是世界第二大玉米生产国,然而在2021年中国玉米进口达到2... 详细信息

玉米是世界上最重要的禾本科作物之一,也是植物育种以及植物遗传学、植物驯化与进化相关研究的模式植物之一。在玉米生产上,高产与优质一直以来都是全球玉米生产的主要方向。中国是世界第二大玉米生产国,然而在2021年中国玉米进口达到2835万吨,比2020年增长150.9%,达到每年玉米进口配额的3.94倍,表明持续的产量提升,对中国玉米生产同样具有重要意义。种质资源是玉米育种的物质基础,可以为玉米新品种培育以及产量和品质育种提供有效的物质保障。种质资源的鉴定以及针对目标性状开展候选基因发掘等研究,可以为玉米育种以及相关理论研究提供实践参考和理论依据。本研究中,我们鉴定了不同类型的玉米种质资源,并且在前期QTL定位基础上,开展了玉米籽粒大小相关性状的候选基因发掘等研究。主要研究结果如下:1.巴基斯坦玉米品种在不同N肥水平下的产量表现N素是玉米高产稳产的重要大量元素之一。为了揭示玉米杂交种Gorilla在不同N肥水平下的生长特性和产量表现,我们在巴基斯坦的Swabi大学农场,设置4种不同的N肥水平,开展了玉米杂交种的N肥响应研究。本研究针对4种不同的N肥处理,包括尿素、尿素+农家肥(FYM)、尿素+堆肥、尿素+畜禽粪便(PM),采取了裂区试验设计,主区为不同的N肥处理。研究结果显示,不同的N肥处理,对杂交种Gorilla的产量表现及其他性状,包括株高、穗位高、穗重、籽粒产量、穗粒数、收获指数(HI)都存在极显著影响。在尿素+PM处理下,Gorilla的株高(231.46cm)、穗长(12.17cm)、穗粒数(434.83)、籽粒产量(4448.9 kg ha)、生物产量(8691.0 kg ha)、收获指数(0.5118)等性状的表现最好,其次是尿素+FYM处理。此外,研究结果还显示,尿素与有机肥/农家肥的联合施用,能够显著提升杂交种Gorilla的产量以及产量相关性状的整体表现。研究结果表明,在实际生产中,采用N肥与有机肥/农家肥1:1的组合施用模式,可以让玉米杂交种生长更具优势,收获更高的产量。2.自交系48-2背景下玉米-墨西哥渗入系根系相关性状的表型分析我们针对实验室此前在自交系48-2背景下,构建的玉米-大刍草导入系开展了根系相关性状的表型鉴定,鉴定性状包括胚根长(cm)、根系投影面积(cm)、根表面积(cm)、根直茎(mm)、根系体积(cm)、单位体积内的根长(cm/m),以及根尖数、分叉数、交叉数等。分析结果显示,导入系与受体48-2之间,除了根直径和根系体积差异不显著外,在其他大部分根系相关性状上均表现出显著或极显著差异。鉴定结果表明,所有根系相关性状中,不同导入系的根表面积变化范围为6.92-15.75cm,平均10.52 cm;根长的变化范围则为16.24-61.78 cm,平均根长为34.59 cm。从变异幅度来看,根直径的变异系数(CV)最小(13.86%),而根系交叉数的CV则最大,达到94.68%。此外,导入系的根尖数与受体48-2之间,也表现出了极显著差异(P<0.01)。表型相关分析表明,除(平均根直径(mm)外,大多数测量的性状彼此密切相关。根长(cm)、根投影面积(cm)、根表面积(cm)呈强正相关。每体积长度(cm/m)、尖端、叉子和交叉点(R=0.38-0.77)。在本研究鉴定的导入系中,导入系21IL042与21IL051在所有鉴定性状上,均显著优于受体48-2。使用38,751(69.06%)个高质量SNP的子集确定汇总统计数据。为了完全揭示基因型和性能之间的关联,从F6群体中选择了6个ILs系,并分为两个独立的池(即Pool1 I和pool2)。Pool1的所有F6系中的两个系具有明显大于(CK 48-2)中的特征(RL、RPA、RSA)(P<0.00)。每个池中每个个体的基因型被放大以代表相关分组的基因型。基于根相关性状的基因型和性能比较,从SYNGENTA17524到SYN12306的这25个SNP创建的片段可以分为两部分[即第1和第2部分]。在S1覆盖了最初的23个SNP之后,S2覆盖了后面的2个SNP,然后找到目标染色体区域。3.玉米籽粒大小相关性状候选基因的发掘粒长、粒宽、粒厚等籽粒大小相关性状,是玉米籽粒产量和品质的重要构成因子,解析这些性状的表型特性,并发掘调控性状的QTL或染色体区段,对玉米品种的产量和品质改良具有重要的理论和实践意义。本研究以EHel(一个自育的穗位高极低的优异自交系)和B73杂交所构建的139个F2:3家系为材料,通过表型鉴定和基于SNP芯片的基因型鉴定,发掘调控玉米粒长(10粒长,KL)、粒宽(10粒宽,KWid)、粒厚(10粒厚,KT)等籽粒大小相关性状的QTL。研究结果显示,通过固定LOD值(2.5)和置换检验(Permutation test)方法,仅在第9染色体(Chr9)上检测到1个调控KWid的主效QTL(qKWid9)。该QTL位于SN

关键词：玉米产量导入系根系相关性状籽粒大小相关性状发掘 SNPs

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Discovering Candidate Chromosomal Regions Linked to Kernel Size-Related Traits via QTL Mapping and Bulked Sample Analysis in Maize

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第7期91卷 1429-1443页

作者： hameed gul Mengya Qian Mohammad GArabzai Tianhui Huang Qiannan Ma Fangyu Xing Wan Cao Tingting Liu Hong Duan Qianlin Xiao Zhizhai Liu College of Agronomy and Biotechnology Southwest UniversityChongqing400715China Department of Agronomy Faculty of AgriculturePaktia UniversityGardiz2201Afghanistan

Kernel size-related traits,including kernel length,kernel width,and kernel thickness,are critical components in determining yield and kernel quality in maize(Zea mays L.).Dissecting the phenotypic characteristics of these traits,and discovering the candidate chromosomal regions for these traits,are of potential importance for maize yield and quality improvement.In this study,a total of 139 F2:3 family lines derived from EHel and B73,a distinct line with extremely low ear height(EHel),was used for phenotyping and QTL mapping of three kernel sizerelated traits,including 10-kernel length(KL),10-kernel width(KWid),and 10-kernel thickness(KT).The results showed that only one QTL for KWid,i.e.,qKWid9 on Chr9,with a phenotypic variation explained(PVE)of 13.4%was detected between SNPs of AX-86298371 and AX-86298372,while no QTLs were detected for KL and KT across all 10 chromosomes.Four bulked groups of family lines,i.e.,Groups I to IV,were constructed with F2:3 family lines according to the phenotypic comparisons of KWid between EHel and B73.Among these four groups,Group I possessed a significantly lower KWid than EHel(P=0.0455),Group II was similar to EHel(P=0.34),while both Group III and Group IV were statistically higher than EHel(P<0.05).Besides,except Group IV exhibited a similar KWid to B73(P=0.11),KWid of Groups I to III were statistically lower than B73(P<0.00).By comparing the bulked genotypes of the four groups to EHel and B73,a stable chromosomal region on Chr9 between SNPs of AX-86298372 to AX-86263154,entirely covered by qKWid9,was identified to link KWid with the positive allele of increasing phenotypic effect to KWid from B73,similar to that of qKWid9.A large amount of enzyme activity and macromolecule binding-related genes were annotated within this chromosomal region,suggesting qKWid9 as a potential QTL for KWid in maize.

关键词： Maize(Zea mays L.) kernel size-related traits QTL mapping bulked sample analysis(BSA)

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Maize (Zea maysL.) Productivity in Response to Nitrogen Management in Pakistan

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2021年第8期12卷 1173-1179页

作者： hameed gul Saeedur Rahman Ali Shahzad Shareef gul Mengya Qian Qianlin Xiao Zhizhai Liu College of Agronomy and Biotechnology Southwest University Chongqing China Department of Agronomy The University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan Department of Agronomy University of Swabi Anbar (KPK) Pakistan

Nitrogen (N) plays a vital role in the productivity of maize (Zea mays L). To investigate the fertilizer effects of N on the yield and growth of maize hybrid variety (Gorilla), the experiment was carried out at the research farm of University of Swabi, Pakistan, during summer 2017-18. Four levels of N (Urea, Urea + Farm Yard Manure (FYM), Urea + Compost, Urea + Poultry Manure (PM)) were set in the present study. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used with split-plot arrangement with N administering to main plot. Results showed that yield and other traits, i.e. plant height, ear length, ear weight, kernel yield, kernels ear-1 and harvest index (HI) were significantly affected by Nitrogen. In current study, the maximum performances of plant height (231.46 cm), ear length (12.17 cm), kernels ear-1 (434.83), kernel yield (2095.7 kg·ha-1), total kernel weight (350.75 kg·ha-1), biomass yield (4015.3 kg·ha-1) and HI (37.31) were recorded under the treatment of UREA + PM, and followed by UREA + FYM. Besides, the applications of organic manure in combination with nitrogen significantly increased yield and its components. Application of 50% of N and 50% of poultry manure produced higher performance for the traits of plant height, ear length, kernels ear-1, total kernels weight ear-1, kernel yield, and biomass yield.

关键词： Maize (Zea mays L.) Nitrogen Yield Yield Components Pakistan

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Effect of Boron Soil Application on Nutrients Efficiency in Tobacco Leaf

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第9期6卷 1391-1400页

作者： Fayaz Ali Amjad Ali hameed gul Muhammad Sharif Arooj Sadiq Ansaar Ahmed Arif Ullah Amanullah Mahar Shahmir Ali Kalhoro College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A & F University Yangling China Pakistan Tobacco Board Tobacco Research Station Mardan Pakistan Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan Department of Agriculture Resource and Environmental Sciences Northeast Agriculture University Harbin China Department of Agronomy University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan College of Economics and Management Northwest A & F University Yangling China Faculty of Agriculture Lasbela University of Agriculture Water & Marine Sciences Lasbela Pakistan

The present study was based on the general hypothesis that boron may affect the accumulation and utilization of other nutrients in plant. For this purpose a field experiment was carried out to find out the influence of boron on the different nutrients content in FCV tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) at TRS Khan Garhi, Mardan, during 2010-2011. Two varieties TM-2008 and Speight G-28 were tested and six levels of boron (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 5 kg·ha-1) were applied in the form of boric acid, in randomized complete block design in split plot arrangement and replicated thrice. Results indicated that the yield of tobacco crop increased with 1 kg·B·ha-1 and then decreased sequence wise in both varieties. N and P concentrations were significantly affected by applied boron. Similarly, potassium was increased which is a good indication for a better quality of tobacco crop. Application of boron significantly increased the concentrations of boron nutrients ratios such as K/B;Cl/B and Mn/Fe were decreased while K/Cl and Zn/Cu ratios were increased at lower boron concentrations but decreased at higher concentrations of boron. The fertilizer use efficiency of both the cultivars showed similar trend;however, Speight G-28 was more efficient than TM-2008 in boron accumulation. The overall results revealed that the application of boron should be encouraged for balancing nutrients concentration, thus getting higher yield in the prevailing conditions.

关键词： Boron Nutrients Efficiency Nitrogen Phosphurus Tobacco

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Maternal salinity improves yield, size and stress tolerance of Suaeda fruticosa seeds

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Journal of Arid Land 2020年第2期12卷 283-293页

作者： Syed Z SHAH Aysha RASHEED Bilquees gul Muhammad A KHAN Brent LNIELSEN Abdul hameed Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization University of KarachiKarachi 75270Pakistan Govt.Degree Boys College Sector 4ENew SaeedabadBaldia TownKarachi 75760Pakistan Department of Microbiology&Molecular Biology Brigham Young UniversityProvoUT 84602USA

Shrubby seablite or lani(Suaeda fruticosa Forssk)is a perennial euhalophyte with succulent leaves,which could be planted on arid-saline lands for restoration and cultivated as a non-conventional edible or cash crop.Knowledge about the impacts of maternal saline environment on seed attributes of this important euhalophyte is lacking.This study investigated the effects of maternal salinity on yield,size and stress tolerance of S.fruticosa seeds.Seedlings of S.fruticosa were grown in a green net house under increasing maternal salinity levels(0,300,600 and 900 mM NaCl)until seed production.Total yield,size,stress tolerance and germination of the descended seeds under different maternal saline conditions were examined.Plants grown under saline conditions(300,600 and 900 mM NaCl)produce a substantially higher quantity of seeds than plants grown under non-saline condition(0 mM NaCl).Low maternal salinity(300 mM NaCl)improves seed size.Seeds produced under all maternal salinity levels display a higher tolerance to low temperature(night/day thermoperiod of 10℃/20℃),whereas seeds produced under 300 mM NaCl maternal saline condition show a better tolerance to high temperature(night/day thermoperiod of 25℃/35℃)during germination.Seeds from all maternal saline conditions germinate better in the 12 h photoperiod(12 h light/12 h dark)than in the dark(24 h dark);however,seeds produced from low and moderate maternal saline conditions(300 and 600 mM NaCl)show a higher germination in the dark than those from control and high maternal saline conditions(0 and 900 mM NaCl).In general,maternal salinity is found to improve yield,size and stress tolerance of S.fruticosa seeds.

关键词： euhalophyte maternal salinity salt tolerance seed germination non-saline condition Suaeda fruticosa

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Preliminary Phenotypic and SNP-Based Molecular Characterization of Maize (Zea maysL.)-Mexicana (Zea maysSSP. Mexicana) Introgression Lines under Inbred Background of 48-2

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2021年第7期12卷 1073-1089页

作者： Abdoul Raouf Sayadi Maazou Ju Qiu Ling Ai Mohammad G. Arabzai Mengya Qian hameed gul Xuemei Du Fangyu Xing Jiarui Yan Keyi Zhang Ziqi Zhang Qiannan Ma Tianhui Huang Hong Duan Qianlin Xiao Zhizhai Liu College of Agronomy and Biotechnology Southwest University Chongqing China Pan African University Life and Earth Sciences Institute (Including Health and Agriculture) University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Ibadan Nigeria Paktia University Gardiz Afghanistan

Wild relatives possess potential genetic diversity for maize (Zea mays L.) improvement. Characterization of maize-mexicana introgression lines (ILs) is of great value to diversify the genetic base and improve the maize germplasm. Four maize-mexicana IL generations, i.e. BC1, BC2, BC3, and RIL, were constructed under the elite inbred background of 48-2, elite inbred line that is widely used in maize breeding in Southwestern China, and were phenotyped in different years and genotyped with 56110 SNPs. The results indicated that 48-2 had higher phenotypic performances than all the characterized ILs on most of the agronomic traits. Compared with other ILs, BC2 individuals exhibited more similar performance to 48-2 on most traits and possessed the highest kernel ratio (66.5%). Population structure and principal component analysis indicated that BC3 individuals gathered closer to 48-2 and exhibited the lowest mexicana-introgression frequency (0.50%), while BC2 (29.06%) and RIL (18.52%) showed higher introgression frequency. The high level of genetic diversity observed in the maize-mexicana ILs demonstrated that Z. mays ssp. mexicana can serve as a potential source for the enrichment of maize germplasm.

关键词： Maize (Zea mays L.) Mexicana (Zea mays SSP. Mexicana) Introgression Lines Phenotypic Characterization Molecular Characterization

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