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The Potential Role of Osm.tic Pressure to Exogenous Application of Phytohorm.nes on Crop Plants Grown under Different Osm.tic Stress

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Am.rican Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第6期7卷 937-948页

作者： hamdia m. abd el-samad Botany Departm.nt Faculty of Science Minia University El-Minia Egypt

The osm.tic pressure represented as a sign of plant tolerance or sensitive to salinity stress. In the following plants, the increase in OP seem. to be a m.nner of defense m.chanism.to survive. OP increased in shoots of m.ize, shoot and root of wheat and cotton plants was concom.tant with shoot soluble sugar, root soluble protein and shoot and root am.no acids of m.ize plants. However, in wheat the increase in OP was related with increase of root soluble sugar and protein of shoots and roots. In cotton plants, the elevation of OP was run parallel with increase soluble sugar of shoots and roots, shoot soluble protein and root am.no acids. The increase in OP was related with a m.rked and significant reduction in the water content of these plants. However, the decrease in OP of shoot and root of broad bean was related with the reduction of shoots and roots soluble sugar, protein and root am.no acids of broad bean. While the OP becom.s m.re or less unchanged in shoots and tended to decrease in root of parsley plants, this concom.tant with unchanged trend in the shoots am.no acids and reduction in root soluble sugar and root am.no acids. Run with previous trend values of OP and m.tabolites of parsley plants were related with stable values in shoot water content and reduction in root water content. With GA3 and kinetin treatm.nts m.stly increase the values OP which parallel with increase and soluble sugar, soluble protein and am.no acids contents of shoots and roots of m.ize, wheat, cotton, broad bean and parsley plants with NaCl increasing. This related with increase water uptake by roots in these plants. The results indicated that kinetin had a m.re effective to shoot m.ize, both organs of wheat, broad bean and parsley plants in response to salinity stress while GA3 was m.re effective on cotton plants especially at higher levels of salinity. Thus plants strategy differed in their tolerance to salinity stress according to their species and differed a

关键词： Osm.tic Pressure GA3 and Kinetin NaCl

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The Biphasic Role of Cupper and Counteraction with Azospirillum.brasilenseApplication on Growth, m.tabolities, Osm.tic Pressure and m.neral of Wheat Plant

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Am.rican Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第5期8卷 1182-1195页

作者： hamdia m. abd el-samad Botany and m.crobiology Departm.nt Faculty of Science Minia University El-Minia Egypt

The interactive effect of different Cu++ concentrations (5 m., 10 m., 20 m. and 25 m.) and treatm.nts with biofertilizers Azospirillum.brasilense on growth, m.tabolites, m.nerals and osm.tic pressure of wheat plants was investigated. Shoots and roots of wheat plant were differentially response to Cu++ treatm.nts, while shoot organ response positively to this treatm.nt, root response negatively. The positive effect of Cu++ in shoot organ was concom.tant with the increase in the production of fresh, dry m.tter, length and water content and this related with the accum.lation of soluble sugar, soluble protein and m.neral as a result of increasing osm.tic pressure. On the other side, the negative effect of Cu++ on root organ was concom.tant with the decrease in production of fresh, dry m.tter, length and water content that related with the reduction in the accum.lation of soluble sugar and m.neral with the insignificant change in osm.tic pressure. Azospirillum.brasilense inoculation increased the accum.lation of soluble sugar and soluble protein which reflected an increase in the production of fresh, dry m.tter and water content with increasing values of osm.tic pressure of the tested plants under Cu++ treatm.nt. Finally, wheat plants response differentially to Cu++ treatm.nt according to its organ and Azospirillum.brasilense treatm.nt im.roved wheat plant efficiency to tolerate the effect of Cu++ stress.

关键词： Cu++ Treatm.nt Azospirillum brasilense Wheat

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Growth, m.tabolites, Protein Profile and Esterase Enzym. of Wheat Grown under Osm.tic Stress with Exogenous Application of Allium.sativum.lt;/i>

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Am.rican Journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第4期9卷 902-919页

作者： hamdia m. abd el-samad D. m.stafa Departm.nt of Botany and m.crobiology Faculty of Science Minia University El-Minia Egypt

The present work was conducted to lower and alleviate the saline injury by using natural products in garlic extract application on growth, m.tabolites, protein pattern and esterase enzym. of wheat plants. This study was conducted that wheat plant cv. Gim.za 11 response to osm.tic stress effects and in general showed a variable response between different organs. The aerial parts of plants not only alleviated salinity injury but activated the fresh and dry m.tter productions. In root these param.ters decreased as increasing salinity stress. Length of the shoots, roots and spikes run parallel with the previous results. Photosynthetic pigm.nt enhanced m.rkedly the increasing osm.tic stress levels. The effect of garlic was reflected on the accum.lation of soluble sugar and soluble protein in both roots and spikes, and a reduction of Na+ and an increase in K+ under garlic treatm.nts were recorded. In the present study, staining intensity of protein bands of wheat plant was decreased as osm.tic stress increased but the num.er of bands was increased up to -0.9 m.a, after that level a slight decrease was recorded (for control induction, 12 bands, -0.3 m.a, 16 bands, -0.6 m.a 14 bands, -0.9 14 bands, -1.2 m.a 11 bands and final 11 bands for -1.5 m.a). Induction protein bands for control plus garlic were 12 bands, for -0.3 m.a OSL plus garlic were 13 bands, for -0.6 m.a OSL plus garlic were 12 bands, for -0.9 m.a OSL plus garlic were 12 bands, for -1.2 m.a OSL were 8 bands and finally for -1.5 m.a OSL plus garlic were 9 bands. electrophoresis studies of esterase showed wide variations in their intensities and densities am.ng all treatm.nts. There were 6 isozym.s form. of esterase under OSL and with garlic but intensity was different. It seem. that garlic extract was able to enhance the tolerance of the wheat plant to osm.tic stress.

关键词： Garlic Wheat SDS Page Esterase NaCl Level

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The Com.ined Action Strategy of Two Stresses, Salinity and Cu++ on Growth, m.tabolites and Protein Pattern of Wheat Plant

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Am.rican Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第3期8卷 625-643页

作者： hamdia m. abd el-samad D. m.stafa Kholoud N. abd el-Hakeem Botany Departm.nt Faculty of Science Minia University El-Minia Egypt

The response of wheat plants to different osm.tic stress levels varied am.ng the different organs root, shoot and spike and the situation of these organs with application of two Cu++ levels 5 m. and 25 m. as CuSO4. The sensitivity of root organ was related with reduction in fresh, dry m.tter and length. This resulted from.reduction of soluble sugar reflected a reduction in water uptake and K+ content of the cell sap. In the m.derate organ spike, the reduction in fresh, dry m.tter and length were concom.tant with the accum.lation of soluble sugar and a huge accum.lation of soluble protein. In the higher organ shoot, this related with m.re water uptake which in turn induced an accum.lation of soluble protein and cofactor K+ content. It can be recorded that shoot was higher Na+ accum.lation than root and spike. Data also showed further stim.latory effect on growth param.ters by Cu++ applications with either concentration (7.5 m. and 25 m.). Irrigating the soil with either 7.5 or 25 m. CuSO4 induced a huge accum.lation in soluble sugar, soluble protein and nitrate reductase. Cupper treatm.nt with either concentration 7.5 m. or 25 m. induced a m.rked decrease in Na+ content at all OSL and has no significant change in the accum.lation of K+ in both shoot and spike whereas induced a huge accum.lation in root organ. The synthesis of protein bands with m.lecular weight 32.3 KDa at -1.5 m.a NaCl level treated with either 7.5 m. or 25 m. Cu++ concentrations was induced. Also the appearance of protein band with m.lecular weight 37KDa induced only at Cu++ treatm.nts with 25 m. concentration in both control and under different osm.tic levels (0.0, -0.3 m.a, -0.9 m.a, -1.5 m.a NaCl).

关键词： Osm.tic Stress Levels Cupper Tolerance Wheat Protein Bands

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Drought Strategy Tolerance of Four Barley Cultivars and Com.ined Effect with Salicylic Acid Application

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Am.rican Journal of Plant Sciences 2019年第4期10卷 512-535页

作者： hamdia m. abd el-samad m.ham.d abdo Kheder Shaddad m.rwa m.ham.d Ragaey Botany and m.crobiology Departm.nt Faculty of Science Minia University Minya Egypt

This investigation was conducting to explain that four barley genotypes varied in their drought tolerance according to their genotype and their tested organs. It can be recorded that growth param.ters (fresh, dry m.tter and length, water content, leaf area and pigm.nt contents) were decreased as decreasing m. C. in the soil. This indicated that Giza 123 was the superior in its drought tolerance and Giza 129 was the interior and both cv. Giza 2000 and cv. Giza 124 were the interm.diated between them. This concom.tant with increase in soluble sugar and soluble protein content of both organs in Giza 123 and shoot Ca++, this related with lower value of OP other than genotypes, in Giza 2000 this was related with a huge accum.lation in soluble protein of shoot and root, shoot am.no acids and root proline reach 3-folds than control plants as decreasing m. C. Whereas drought stress increased soluble protein only in Giza 124 while in Giza 129 decreasing m. C. increased soluble protein, am.no acids and proline contents in shoot and root and shoot Ca++. The values of OP increased as decreasing m. C. in four barley cultivars concom.tant with their drought tolerance. Also, SA application was m.rkedly enhanced the production of growth param.ters in shoot and root with varied degree according to each tested barley genotypes. SA application was significantly increased OP in shoot, root and spike of barley pants. Spraying vegetative parts with 0.5 m. SA was m.rkedly increased the soluble sugar, soluble protein and am.no acids in shoot, root and spike of four barley cultivars. On the other side, SA application lowered the accum.lation of proline in shoot and root of barley genotypes. SA treatm.nt induced no significant change in K+, Ca++, and m.++ in shoot, root and spike of Giza 123, it significantly increased K+, Ca++, and m.++ in shoot and root of Giza 2000. SA application enhanced accum.lation of K+, Ca++ in shoot and root of Giza 124 and K+, Ca++ and m.++in three organs of Giza

关键词： Drought Barley Cultivar Salicylic Acid

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Interactive Effect of Sewage Sludge Application with Phytohorm.nes IAA or SA on Three Broad Bean Cultivars

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Am.rican Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第6期11卷 880-895页

作者： hamdia m. abd el-samad Sara H. abd Nabi Khloud N. S. abd el-Hakeem Botany and m.crobiology Departm.nt Faculty of Science El-Minia University Minya Egypt

The present work has been perform.d to study the growth and m.tabolic activities of three broad bean cultivars (Giza 843, Sakha 1, and Giza 716) which are shown to have different response to sewage sludge applications and to determ.ne the effects of phytohorm.nes IAA or SA. Along with identifying the m.chanism. of broad bean response and the role of growth regulators (200 ppm.of IAA or 10 m. of SA) in counteract sewage sludge effects is exam.ned. The situation can be recorded that growth param.ters fresh, dry m.tter and water content of pods were significantly increased as increasing SSL in cultivars 843 and in Sakha up to 70% level. However, these param.ters were m.rkedly decreased as increasing SSL in cv. Giza 716. Length and num.er of pods were unchanged in cv. Sakha 1, increased in cv. Giza 843 while they decreased in cv. Giza 716 with increasing SSL. Phytohormonal application stimulated growth parameters in pods of three tested cultivars Giza 843, Sakha 1 and Giza 716 with sewage treatments. Soluble sugar and soluble protein content decreased as increasing SSL in both cv. Sakha 1 and cv. Giza 716. In cv. Giza 843, soluble sugar was significantly increased while soluble protein was decreased as increasing SSL. Proline content was unchanged in cv. Sakha 1, increased in cv. Giza 716 while decreased in cv. Giza 843. Metabolites (soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline) showed variations in three broad bean cultivars to IAA or SA application plus sewage sludge treatments. In cv. Giza 716 SS treatment increased Zn, Ni, PB and Cu. In cv. Giza 843 SS treatment decreased Zn, Pb, and Cu while increased Ni. In cv. Sakha 1 SS treatment decreased Zn, Ni, Pb and Cu. Phytohormonal treatments showed an increasing or decreasing effect in heavy metal in three tested cultivars.

关键词： Sewage Sludge IAA SA Broad Bean Cultivars

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The Potential Role of Cu2+and Com.ined Action with IAA on Tolerance Strategy of Two Broad Bean Cultivars

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Am.rican Journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第10期9卷 2100-2119页

作者： hamdia m. abd el-samad m.ham.d abdo K. Shaddad Kholoud N. abd el-Hakeem Botany Departm.nt and m.crobiology Faulty of Science Minia University El-Minia Egypt Botany Departm.nt Faulty of Science Assiut University Assiut Egypt

The present work was conducting to study the strategy response of two broad bean cultivars Assiut 84 and Assiut 125 to different Cu2+ concentrations 100 ppm. 200 ppm. 300 ppm.and 350 ppm.in addition to control and interactions with IAA treatm.nts. The dry m.tter exhibited the biphasic effect of Cu2+ on the growth criteria of the two broad bean cultivars. While the lower and m.derate doses of Cu2+ (100 ppm.and 200 ppm. stim.lated the growth of the two cultivars, the higher doses revealed the opposite event where the growth dropped in both cultivars. This effect was m.re pronounced in cv. Assiut 84 than in cv. Assiut 125 and also at the higher Cu2+ concentration the growth dropped slightly in cv. Assiut 84 and highly significantly in cv. Assiut 125. The percent of increase in dry m.tter at 200 ppm.in stem.and leaf of cv. Assiut 84 was 120.45% and 155.31%, otherwise this percent of increase in these organs of cv. Assiut 125 was 114.29% and 131.41%. However the percent of reduction at 350 ppm.Cu2+ in root and stem.of cv. Assiut 84 was 74.13%, 79.23% and in root, stem.and leaf of cv. Assiut 125 was 59.27%, 70.91%, 70.76% com.ared with control plants. Soluble carbohydrate in cv. Assiut 84 and cv. Assiut 125 was m.rkedly increased while soluble protein was decreased in root, stem.and in leaves at lower Cu2+ concentration. Also while Cu2+-stressed cv. Assiut 84 m.intained potassium.and m.gnesium.levels around the control values and som. prom.tion occurred especially in roots and stem., these cations dropped m.rkedly in cv. Assiut 125 as a result of Cu2+ treatm.nts. While Cu2+ had a m.rked stim.latory effect in the absorption and accum.lation of calcium.in the different organs of cv. Assiut 84, it, on the other hand, significantly inhibited the accum.lation of this cation in the different organs of cv. Assiut 125. Treatm.nts broad bean cultivars with Cu2+ plus IAA induced an increase in growth param.ters, soluble suga, soluble protein, K+, Ca++ and m.++ in different parts of

关键词： Broad Bean Cultivars Sensitive Tolerant Copper IAA

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Physio-biochem.cal and nutrient constituents of peanut plants under bentazone herbicide for broad-leaved weed control and water regim.s in dry land areas

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Journal of Arid Land 2020年第4期12卷 630-639页

作者： Hani S SAUDY Ibrahim.m.el–m.TWALLY Gom. A abd el–samad Agronom. Departm.nt Faculty of AgricultureAin Shams University68–Hadayek Shoubra 11241CairoEgypt Botany Departm.nts National Research CentreEl–Behos St.Dokki 12622CairoEgypt

The abundance of broad-leaved weeds in peanut fields represents the handicap in weed m.nagem.nt program., since lim.ted specific herbicides can be recom.ended to control them. m.reover, the physio-biochem.cal constituents and nutritional status in peanut plants as affected by available herbicides, i.e., bentazone under water stress conditions are not well known. Therefore, field trials were conducted during the growing seasons in 2016 and 2017 to investigate the interactional im.act of irrigation levels(I_(50), I_(75) and I_(100), representing irrigation by 50%, 75% and 100% of crop evapotranspiration, respectively) and weed control practices(bentazone, bentazone+hoeing once, hoeing twice and weedy check as control) on dom.nant broad-leaved weeds as well as peanut physiological and agronom.c traits. Result indicated that the efficiency of weed control for each weeded treatm.nt under I_(50) significantly equaled with its counterpart under I_(75) or I_(100). Bentazone+hoeing once dim.nished weed biom.ss by 89.3% and enhanced chlorophyll content of peanut plants by 51.2%. Bentazone relatively caused a reduction in carotenoides. Hoeing twice and bentazone+hoeing once under I_(100) in both growing seasons as well as hoeing twice under I_(75) in 2017 were the superior com.inations for boosting pod yield of peanut plants. Treatm.nt of bentazone+hoeing once and I_(75) recorded the lowest reduction in N utilization percentage and the highest increase in potassium.utilization percentage of peanut plants. elim.nating weeds enhanced water use efficiency by 37.8%, 49.6% and 34.7% under I_(50), I_(75) and I_(100), respectively. In conclusion, peanut seem. to be tolerant to bentazone at m.derate water supply, thus it can be safely used in controlling the associated broad-leaved weeds.

关键词： biochem.cal traits drought nutritional status peanut productivity weed growth

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The Im.act of m.nerals on Wheat Plants Grown under Salinity Stress

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Am.rican Journal of Plant Sciences 2022年第4期13卷 541-556页

作者： Rania m. Taha hamdia m.hm.ud abd el-samad Departm.nt of Botany Faculty of Science Minia University El-Minia Egypt

The present work has been conducted to study the im.act of Zn (20 and 200 μm. or Ni (1 and 100 μm. on growth, m.tabolic activities, osm.tic pressure and heavy m.tal of wheat cultivar (cv. Gim.za 11) under salt stress conditions. Harvest index was significantly decreased by 75% at -0.3 m.a and -1.2 m.a decreased by 53%. Length of root, stem.and spike, and leaf area were slightly reduced up to -0.9 m.a NaCl level, after that a significant reduction was recorded. Total sugar was increased in the shoot and spike, while decreased in the root with increasing salinity levels. On the other side, total protein was increased in the shoot while decreased in both the root and spike. Osm.tic pressure was increased as increasing salinity levels. Treatm.nt of wheat plants with Zn or Ni alleviated generally salt injury in the harvest index, length of root, shoot and spike and leaf area. This effect was m.re obvious with Zn treatm.nts. m.neralization treatm.nts increased total sugar in the three tested organs while did not change the total protein. Zn content was increased at -1.2 m.a level while Ni was decreased. Treatm.nts with Zn or Ni m.stly increased Zn while causing a reduction in the Ni content. These treatm.nts also increased the values of osm.tic pressure com.ared with the equivalent levels of control plants.

关键词： Osm.tic Stress Wheat Zn Ni Tolerant Sensitive

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Strategy Role of m.corrhiza Inoculation on Osm.tic Pressure, Chem.cal Constituents and Growth Yield of m.ize Plant Gown under Drought Stress

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Am.rican Journal of Plant Sciences 2019年第6期10卷 1102-1120页

作者： hamdia m.hm.ud abd el-samad Khloud Nagy Shaker abd el-Hakeem Botany and m.crobiology Departm.nt Faculty of Science Minia University El-Minia Egypt

The present work was carried out to investigate the role of m.corrhiza inoculation at two harvesting stages (90-days and 30-days) of m.ize plants grown in pot experim.nt with different m.isture content levels 100%, 70%, 50% and 20%. Drought stress tolerant in m.ize plant was varied in different organs of the sam. plants and also varied am.ng different stage of plant developm.nt. The sensitivity of m.ize plants was related with reduction of root soluble sugar, shoot and root soluble protein at 30-days of plant harvesting, and soluble sugar and soluble protein in both organs of both harvesting stages. This related with reduction in OP and lowering of water uptake which induced a m.rked decrease in fresh and dry m.tter production in shoot and root of both harvesting stages. Am.inoculation increase m.ize tolerant to drought stress presented in increasing growth param.ters, chem.cal constituents and m.nerals contents com.ared with untreated plants. Proline content with Am.inoculation was m.re or less unchanged in shoot of plant harvesting at 30-days and in root of plant harvesting at 90-days. However, a m.rked increase was induced in plant harvesting at 30-days and in shoot of plant harvesting at 90-days. m.corrhiza inoculation induced a significant increase in OP value either com.ared with corresponding level or com.ared with control value 100% as in plant 30-days of harvesting or com.ared with control only as in plant harvesting after 90-days. Am.infection with different m.isture content levels m.asured by N-acetyl glucosam.ne content were not affected by drought stress. Results showed also that control roots contained N-acetyl glucosam.ne would be attributed to m.corrhiza and other fungi naturally present in soil.

关键词： m.isture Content m.corrhiza Inoculation m.ize Plant

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