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Frontiers in Energy 2022年第4期16卷 629-650页

作者： ali alAJMI hosny ABOU-ZIYAN hamad h.al-mutairi Mechanical Engineering Department College of Technological StudiesPAAETKuwait Mechanical Power Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringHelwan UniversityCairoEgypt

This paper attempts to resolve the reported contradiction in the literature about the characteristics of high-performance/cost-effective fenestration of residential buildings,particularly in hot *** considered issues are the window glazing property(ten commercial glazing types),facade orientation(four main orientations),window-to-wall ratio(WWR)(0.2–0.8),and solar shading overhangs and side-fins(nine shading conditions).The results of the simulated runs reveal that the glazing quality has a superior effect over the other fenestration parameters and controls their effect on the energy consumption of residential ***,using low-performance windows on buildings yields larger effects of WWR,facade orientation,and solar shading than high-performance *** the WWR increases from 0.2 to 0.8,the building energy consumption using the low-performance window increases 6.46 times than that using the highperformance *** best facade orientation is changed from north to south according to the glazing *** addition,the solar shading need is correlated as a function of a window-glazing property and *** cost analysis shows that the high-performance windows without solar shading are cost-effective as they have the largest net present cost compared to lowperformance windows with or without solar ***,replacing low-performance windows with high-performance ones,in an existing residential building,saves about 12.7 MWh of electricity and 11.05 tons of CO_(2) annually.

关键词： parametric analysis high-performance window window-to-wall ratio(WWR) facade orientation solar shading cost analysis

Improving the Segmentation of Arabic handwriting Using Ligature Detection Technique

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 2015-2034页

作者： husam Ahmad al hamad Mohammad Shehab College of Computer Sciences and Informatics Amman Arab UniversityAmman11953Jordan

Recognizing handwritten characters remains a critical and formidable challenge within the realm of computervision. although considerable strides have been made in enhancing English handwritten character recognitionthrough various techniques, deciphering Arabic handwritten characters is particularly intricate. This complexityarises from the diverse array of writing styles among individuals, coupled with the various shapes that a singlecharacter can take when positioned differently within document images, rendering the task more perplexing. Inthis study, a novel segmentation method for Arabic handwritten scripts is suggested. This work aims to locatethe local minima of the vertical and diagonal word image densities to precisely identify the segmentation pointsbetween the cursive letters. The proposed method starts with pre-processing the word image without affectingits main features, then calculates the directions pixel density of the word image by scanning it vertically and fromangles 30° to 90° to count the pixel density fromall directions and address the problem of overlapping letters, whichis a commonly attitude in writing Arabic texts by many people. Local minima and thresholds are also determinedto identify the ideal segmentation area. The proposed technique is tested on samples obtained fromtwo datasets: Aself-curated image dataset and the IFN/ENIT dataset. The results demonstrate that the proposed method achievesa significant improvement in the proportions of cursive segmentation of 92.96% on our dataset, as well as 89.37%on the IFN/ENIT dataset.

关键词： Arabic handwritten segmentation image processing ligature detection technique intelligent recognition

Superior rectus/levator complex in acquired anophthalmic socket repaired with spheric implant—a computed tomography scan and topographic study

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第8期17卷 1483-1488页

作者： Shaikha al Eid hamad M alSulaiman Sahar M Elkhamary Osama al Sheikh.alicia Ferrero-Galindo Rajiv Kandekhar Silvana A Schellini Oculoplastic Division King Khaled Eye Specialist HospitalRiyadh 11462Saudi Arabia Radiology Division King Khaled Eye Specialist HospitalRiyadh 11462Saudi Arabia Department of Diagnostic Radiology Mansoura Faculty of MedicineMansoura 35511Egypt University hospital Rio hortega Valladolid 47012Spain Research Department King Khaled Eye Specialist HospitalRiyadh 11462Saudi Arabia Ophthalmology Department Medical SchoolState University of Sao PauloBotucatu 18618-687Brazil

AIM:To determine whether the levator palpebrae superioris(LPS)/superior rectus(SR)muscle complex,can influence the position of the upper lid and fornix in acquired anophthalmic ***:This comparative non-randomized and non-interventional study included retrospective data of 21 patients with unilateral acquired anophthalmic sockets repaired with spheric ***-resolution computed tomography(CT)measurements of the LPM/SR muscle complex and clinical topographic position of the upper lid,superior and inferior fornix depth in primary gaze position were *** data were presented as frequency and percentage proportions and quantitative variables comparing the socket measurements with the normal contralateral orbit was statistically analyzed using non-parametric tests considering Phe anophthalmic orbits had a significantly shorter LPS length(P=0.01)and significantly thicker SR(P=0.02)than the normal *** was present in anophthalmic sockets but not in normal orbits(P=0.002),while levator function was normal in both(P>0.05,all comparisons).The superior fornix depth was similar in the anophthalmic socket and the contralateral normal orbit(P=0.192)as well the inferior fornix depth(P=0.351).CONCLUSION:Acquired anophthalmic sockets repaired with spheric implants have shorter LPS,thicker SR,and more lagophthalmos than normal *** relationship of the LPS and SR with other orbital structures,associated with passive or active forces acting in the final position of the lids and external ocular prosthesis should be further investigated.

关键词： anophthalmic socket spheric implant levator palpebrae superioris superior rectus lagophthalmos fornix depth

Securing Cloud-Encrypted Data:Detecting Ransomware-as-a-Service(RaaS)Attacks through Deep Learning Ensemble

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 857-873页

作者： Amardeep Singh hamad ali Abosaq Saad Arif Zohaib Mushtaq Muhammad Irfan Ghulam Abbas Arshad ali alanoud al Mazroa School of Computer Information Sciences University of CumberlandsWilliamsburgKentucky40769USA Computer Science Department College of Computer Science and Information SystemsNajran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringKing Faisal UniversityAl-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Electronics and Computer SystemsCollege of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of SargodhaSargodha40100Pakistan Electrical Engineering Department College of EngineeringNajran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering The University of LahoreLahore54000Pakistan Faculty of Computer and Information Systems Islamic University of MadinahMadinah42351Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia

Data security assurance is crucial due to the increasing prevalence of cloud computing and its widespread use across different industries,especially in light of the growing number of cybersecurity threats.A major and everpresent threat is Ransomware-as-a-Service(RaaS)assaults,which enable even individuals with minimal technical knowledge to conduct ransomware *** study provides a new approach for RaaS attack detection which uses an ensemble of deep learning *** this purpose,the network intrusion detection dataset“UNSWNB15”from the Intelligent Security Group of the University of New South Wales,Australia is *** the initial phase,the rectified linear unit-,scaled exponential linear unit-,and exponential linear unit-based three separate Multi-Layer Perceptron(MLP)models are ***,using the combined predictive power of these three MLPs,the RansoDetect Fusion ensemble model is introduced in the suggested *** proposed ensemble technique outperforms previous studieswith impressive performance metrics results,including 98.79%accuracy and recall,98.85%precision,and 98.80%*** empirical results of this study validate the ensemble model’s ability to improve cybersecurity defenses by showing that it outperforms individual *** expanding the field of cybersecurity strategy,this research highlights the significance of combined deep learning models in strengthening intrusion detection systems against sophisticated cyber threats.

关键词： Cloud encryption RaaS ensemble threat detection deep learning cybersecurity

Influence of erbium on structural,and charged particles,photons,and neutrons shielding properties of Ba_(1-x)Er_(x)SnO_(3) perovskite ceramics

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第4期42卷 724-732页

作者： M.K.h.hamad Nidal Dwaikat M.h.A.Mhareb M.I.Sayyed R.M.hamad Y.S.M.alajerami M.A.almessiere Gameel Saleh Ahmad hussein alomari K.A.Ziq Department of Basic Sciences School of Social and Basics SciencesAl Hussein Technical UniversityKing Abdullah II St 242Amman11831Jordan Department of Physics College of Engineering and PhysicsInterdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced MaterialsKing Fahd University of Petroleum&MineralsDhahran31261Saudi Arabia Department of Physics College of ScienceImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityP0.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceIsra UniversityAmman11622Jordan Department of Nuclear Medicine Research Institute for Research and Medical Consultations(IRMC)Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityPo.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia Medical Imaging Department Applied Medical Sciences FacultyAl Azhar University-Gaza CityPo.Box 1277Palestine Department of Biophysics Institute for Research and Medical Consultations(IRMC)Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityPo.Box1982Dammam 31441Saudi Arabia Department of Biomedical Engineering College of EngineeringImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityPo.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Energy&Minerals Regulatory Commission Amman11821Jordan

Five perovskite ceramics samples of Ba_(1-x)Er_(x)SnO_(3) with x=0.00,0.05,0.10,0.15,and 0.20 were synthesized using the conventional solid-state reaction *** prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transforms infrared(FTIR),and UV-Vis *** shielding properties against ionizing radiation were also *** XRD analysis shows the perovskite cubic structure as the major phase in all *** FTIR reveals a distinctive band around 614-620 cm^(-1) ascribed to the antisymmetric O-Sn-O ***-Vis spectroscopy was used to determine the bandgap according to diffuse reflectance,and the results display a fixed enhancement in the bandgap from 3.2 to 3.3 eV for all ***-ray shielding properties of the synthesized samples were experimentally measured and compared with XCOM computational *** relative differences(Δ,%)between experimental and theo retical values are low and fall within the 0.446%-7.10%*** addition of Er leads to the enhanced density,neutron,and gamma shielding *** contrast,charged particles’shielding parameters gradually reduce with rising Er *** results suggest that Ba_(1-x)Er_(x)SnO_(3) samples can be used in different radiation shielding applications.

关键词： Perovskite Ceramics Gamma ray shielding Mass stopping power Rare earths

Biosynthesized CS-MgO/zeolite hybrid material:An efficient adsorbent for chlorpyrifos removal-Kinetic studies and response surface methodology

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Emerging Contaminants 2024年第3期10卷 304-317页

作者： Mohammed T.M.h.hamad Belal N.A.Mahran Central Laboratory for Environmental Quality Monitoring National Water Research CenterEgypt

The prevalence of organophosphate pesticides in aquatic environments raises severe concerns on a global ***,an insecticide,is included in a class of organophosphate *** is widely used on agricultural lands to control pests in cotton,fruit,and *** acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos is still dangerous to all aquatic living *** the treatment of water contaminated with chlorpyrifos is an important *** recent decade has witnessed adsorption technology emerging as an advanced organophosphate pesticide wastewater treatment with great potential and a grand blueprint,in which the specific surface area and active sites of the adsorbent are considered to be the two most important characteristics largely impacting the adsorption *** this study,a CS-MgO/Zeolite composite was prepared by the microbial method as an effective adsorbent for the removal of chlorpyrifos from an aqueous *** adsorbent's properties were carefully characterized using Xray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,and Fourier-transform infrared *** refinement of experimental conditions,encompassing variations in adsorbent dosage,contact time,and chlorpyrifos concentration at five discrete levels,was systematically undertaken through the utilization of a composite central design rooted in response surface *** solution ph played a key role in chlorpyrifos removal,and a ph of 7.0 was selected according to its high adsorption *** highest removal(80.9%)of chlorpyrifos by CS-MgO/Zeolite was obtained at an optimum ph of 7,a contact time of 40 min,an adsorbent dosage of 0.4 g/L,and a chlorpyrifos concentration of 5 mg/L^(-1).The adsorption results were highly fitted with the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model,and the maximum adsorption was 83.3 mg/*** studies indicate that the removal of chlorpyrifos followed the pseudo-secondorder model of adsorption(0.994).The thermodynamic parameters indicate the sponta

关键词： Chlorpyrifos adsorption CS-MgO/Zeolite Response surface methodology

Predictive modeling of critical temperatures in magnesium compounds using transfer learning

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Journal of Magnesium and alloys 2024年第4期12卷 1540-1553页

作者： Surjeet Kumar Russlan Jaafreh Subhajit Dutta Jung hyeon Yoo Santiago Pereznieto Kotiba hamad Dae ho Yoon School of Advanced Materials Science&Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419Republic of Korea

This study presents a transfer learning approach for discovering potential Mg-based superconductors utilizing a comprehensive target ***,a large source dataset(Bandgap dataset)comprising approximately∼75k compounds is utilized for pretraining,followed by fine-tuning with a smaller Critical Temperature(T_(c))dataset containing∼300 ***,there is a significant improvement in the performance of the transfer learning model over the traditional deep learning(DL)model in predicting ***,the transfer learning model is applied to predict the properties of approximately 150k *** are validated computationally using density functional theory(DFT)calculations based on lattice dynamics-related ***,to demonstrate the extended predictive capability of the transfer learning model for new materials,a pool of virtual compounds derived from prototype crystal structures from the Materials Project(MP)database is generated.T_(c) predictions are obtained for∼3600 virtual compounds,which underwent screening for electroneutrality and thermodynamic *** Extra Trees-based model is trained to utilize E_(hull)values to obtain thermodynamically stable materials,employing a dataset containing Ehull values for approximately 150k materials for *** with Ehull values exceeding 5 meV/atom were filtered out,resulting in a refined list of potential Mg-based *** study showcases the effectiveness of transfer learning in predicting superconducting properties and highlights its potential for accelerating the discovery of Mg-based materials in the field of superconductivity.

关键词： Superconductivity Critical temperature Transfer learning Crystal structure features Thermodynamic stability

Flexible pavement longitudinal joint quality evaluation using non-destructive testing

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Journal of Road Engineering 2024年第2期4卷 189-202页

作者： hamad Bin Muslim Syed Waqar haider Lev Khazanovich Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261USA

Longitudinal joint construction quality is critical to the life of flexible *** deteriorated longitudinal joints has become a challenge for many highway *** the joint's quality through better compaction during construction can help achieve flexible pavements with longer service lives and less *** quality control(QC)and quality assurance(QA)plans provide limited ***,the risk of missing areas with poor joint compaction is significant.A density profiling system(DPS)is a non-destructive alternative to conventional destructive evaluation *** can provide quick and continuous real-time coverage of the compaction during construction in *** paper presents several case studies comparing various types of longitudinal joints and demonstrating the use of DPS to evaluate the joint's compaction *** paper shows that dielectric measurements can provide valuable insight into the ability of various construction techniques to achieve adequate levels of compaction at the longitudinal *** paper proposes a dielectric-based longitudinal joint quality index(LJQI)to evaluate the relative compaction of the joint during *** also shows that adopting DPS for assessing the compaction of longitudinal joints can minimize the risk of agencies accepting poorly constructed joints,identify locations of poor quality during construction,and achieve better-performing flexible pavements.

关键词： Sustainable pavements Dielectric/density profiling system Quality assurance Non-destructive testing Asphalt longitudinal joint

Calibration of CO and CO₂ Monitors Used in Periodic Inspection of Vehicles at Fixed Stations for Environmental Control

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Green and Sustainable Chemistry 2024年第2期14卷 29-41页

作者： Adel Bassuoni Shehata Abdulrahman Rashed al Askar Najjy hamad al Yami Abdullah Suleiman al Owaysi Sultan K. alharbi Chemistry Department National Measurement and Calibration Center (NMCC) Saudi Standards Metrology and Quality Organization (SASO) Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Global efforts for environmental cleanliness through the control of gaseous emissions from vehicles are gaining momentum and attracting increasing attention. Calibration plays a crucial role in these efforts by ensuring the quantitative assessment of emissions for informed decisions on environmental treatments. This paper describes a method for the calibration of CO/CO2 monitors used for periodic inspections of vehicles in cites. The calibration was performed in the selected ranges: 900 - 12,000 µmol/mol for CO and 2000 - 20,000 µmol/mol for CO2. The traceability of the measurement results to the SI units was ensured by using certified reference materials from CO/N2 and CO2/N2 primary gas mixtures. The method performance was evaluated by assessing its linearity, accuracy, precision, bias, and uncertainty of the calibration results. The calibration data exhibited a strong linear trend with R² values close to 1, indicating an excellent fit between the measured values and the calibration lines. Precision, expressed as relative standard deviation (%RSD), ranged from 0.48 to 4.56% for CO and from 0.97 to 3.53% for CO2, staying well below the 5% threshold for reporting results at a 95% confidence level. Accuracy measured as percent recovery, was consistently high (≥ 99.1%) for CO and ranged from 84.90% to 101.54% across the calibration range for CO2. In addition, the method exhibited minimal bias for both CO and CO2 calibrations and thus provided a reliable and accurate approach for calibrating CO/CO2 monitors used in vehicle inspections. Thus, it ensures the effectiveness of exhaust emission control for better environment.

关键词： Monitors Periodic Inspection CO/CO2 Calibration Linearity Precision Accuracy

Congenital absence of the lateral meniscus:A case report

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第5期15卷 477-482页

作者： hamad ali alkhunayfir Abdulaziz ali alQahtani Abdulrahman Jalwi Korkoman Department of Orthopedic Surgery Prince Muhammed bin Abdulaziz HospitalRiyadh 61422Saudi Arabia Department of Orthopedic Surgery Prince Sultan Military Medical CityRiyadh 12233Saudi Arabia Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of BishaBisha 67714Saudi Arabia

BACKGROUND Congenital absence of the menisci is a rare anatomical variation characterized by the absence or underdevelopment of one or both menisci in the knee *** menisci are crucial in load distribution,joint stability,and shock *** the clinical presentation,diagnosis,and management of this condition is important for optimal patient *** SUMMARY A 27-year-old male with a long-standing history of knee pain underwent diagnostic arthroscopy,revealing a congenital absence of the *** patient's clinical findings,imaging results,surgical procedures,and pertinent images are *** case presents a unique aspect with the congenital absence of the meniscus,contributing valuable insights to the literature on rare anatomical *** This case of congenital absence of the menisci highlights the diagnostic challenges posed by rare *** diagnostic arthroscopy played a crucial role in identifying the absence of the meniscus and providing an explanation for the patient's persistent knee *** case underscores the importance of individualized treatment approaches,including physical therapy,for optimal management of rare meniscal *** research is warranted to explore effective management strategies for the aforementioned cases and to expand our knowledge of these rare conditions.

关键词： Lateral meniscus Arthroscopy Knee joint Menisci reformation Magnetic resonance imaging Case report