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Effects of Sterilization Treatments on the Compositions and Functions of Microflora on Duck Eggshell Inner and Outer Surfaces

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Modern Food Science and Technology 2024年第5期40卷 53-63页

作者： Sun j. Peng X. Yang X. Yang H. Lu L. Hu T. Xiang j. Zeng T. Pi j. Du j. Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan 430064 China Zhej.ang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou 310009 China Hubei Tianhu Egg Poultry Co. Ltd. Jianli 433300 China Hubei Shendan Healthy Food Co. Ltd. Wuhan 430200 China

The effects of sterilization treatments on the microbial compositions on both the inner and outer surfaces of duck eggshells and the ratio of black to yellow salted egg yolks were investigated in this study. Duck eggs were fumigated and cleaned with different fumigants and cleaning agents, and then stored at different temperatures. Changes in the total number of bacteria on duck eggshell inner and outer surfaces before and after treatments were subsequently compared. The effects of sterilization on the microflora on duck eggshell outer surfaces were evaluated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and PICRUSt gene function prediction. Salted duck eggs were prepared using the mud-packing method at 35 ℃, and the ratio of black to yellow salted egg yolks was calculated. The results show that fumigation significantly inhibits the migration of bacterial colonies from the outer to inner surfaces of the eggshells, effectively controlling the total number of bacteria inside the shell. Two fumigation treatments increase efficacy relative to one. Total bacteria on the outer surface can be reduced to below the detection limit by cleaning. Low-temperature storage can limit bacterial proliferation on both inner and outer eggshell surfaces over 7 days. Total bacteria numbers on both inner and outer surfaces can be significantly reduced by combining fumigation, cleaning, and low-temperature storage. These processes also inhibit bacterial migration, tightly controlling the total bacteria inside the eggshell. 16S rRNA gene sequencing demonstrates a notable reduction in the proportion of Proteobacteria and Psychrobacter on the outer surface of the shell following sterilization treatments. Additionally, PICRUSt gene function prediction indicates a significant decrease in microbial activity within pathways associated with lipid oxidation, amino acid transport, and metabolism after sterilization treatments. Sterilization also significantly reduces the ratio of black to yellow salted egg yolks. These studies illustrate that sterilization trea

关键词： duck eggs function prediction high-throughput sequencing ratio of black to yellow salted egg yolks sterilization

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Editorial for the Special Issue on Emerging Technology and Advanced Application of Nondestructive Detection for Power Equipment

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Chinese j.urnal of Electrical Engineering 2024年第1期10卷 1-2页

作者： Li j. Mei H. Li S. Tianj.n University China Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School China Lanzhou j.aotong University China

The rapid development of clean and renewable energy technologies represented by wind and solar energy,as well as the continuous growth of load demand,have put forward higher requirements for the safe operation of the power equipment.The performance of power equipment based on traditional dielectric materials is often limited by various defects generated during molding,transportation,assembly,and operation,which cannot meet the reliability requirements of power systems in the new situation.Nondestructive detection is an essential technical method in industrial development,which can detect and evaluate the defect and damage status of in-service equipment,key components,and materials without damaging the obj.ct.

关键词： service Application operation

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Effects of High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Excitability of Spinal Motoneurons under Ankle Dorsi-Plantarflexion Fatigue Task

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Yiyong Shengwu Lixue/j.urnal of Medical Biomechanics 2024年第2期39卷 293-298页

作者： Yu C. Zhan j. Shen B. Zhou j. Xu L. Fu W. School of Rehabilitation Science Hangzhou Medical College Hangzhou 310000 China Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education Shanghai University of Sport Shanghai 200438 China Harvard Medical School 02115 MA United States Hebrew Senior Life Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research 02131 MA United States

Obj.ctive To investigate the effects of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) on the modulation of the H-reflex and M-wave during ankle dorsiflexion-plantar flexion fatigue tasks to provide direction for the application of HD-tDCS in mitigating neuromuscular fatigue. Methods Twenty healthy young male participants were recruited and randomly assigned to either the real stimulation or sham stimulation group, with 10 participants in each group. The intervention consisted of a 5-day single-blind HD-tDCS application (duration: 20 min; intensity: 2 mA; target: Cz) . Baseline measurements of the H-reflex and M-wave under resting conditions, M-wave during maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the dorsiflexor muscle, and MVIC torque of the dorsiflexor and plantar flexor muscles were obtained. An ankle dorsiflexion fatigue task was performed to determine the time to achieve fatigue for the task. The same fatigue task was repeated and evaluated one day after the intervention. A repeated-measures two-factor (stimulation condition × pre / post fatigue) analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the effects of independent variables on the mechanical properties of the muscles and α-motoneuron conduction characteristics. Results After fatigue, voluntary activation (VA), maximal H-reflex (Hmax ), maximal M-wave (Mmax ), and dorsiflexor and plantar flexor MVIC torques in both groups were significantly reduced compared with pre-fatigue levels (P j.nction under the ankle dorsi-plantarflexion fatigue task. © 2024 Editorial Department of j.urnal of Shanghai Second Medical University. Al

关键词： corticospinal pathway high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) muscle fatigue neural impulses α-motoneuron activity

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Error field penetration in j.TEXT tokamak based on two-fluid drift-MHD model

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第4期33卷 545-551页

作者：王文徐涛张仪 the j.TEXT team State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma PhysicsSchool of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

An externally generated resonant magnetic perturbation can induce complex non-ideal MHD responses in their resonant surfaces.We have studied the plasma responses using Fitzpatrick's improved two-fluid model and program LAYER.We calculated the error field penetration threshold for j.TEXT.In addition,we find that the island width increases slightly as the error field amplitude increases when the error field amplitude is below the critical penetration value.However,the island width suddenly j.mps to a large value because the shielding effect of the plasma against the error field disappears after the penetration.By scanning the natural mode frequency,we find that the shielding effect of the plasma decreases as the natural mode frequency decreases.Finally,we obtain the m/n=2/1 penetration threshold scaling on density and temperature.

关键词： plasma responses drift-MHD model error field penetration

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Analysis of the Effects of Ethanol Extracts from Cichorium glandulosum on the Intestinal Flora of db/db Mice Based on High-throughput Sequencing

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Modern Food Science and Technology 2024年第5期40卷 1-7页

作者： Kang j. Yan j. Zhang R. Zhong Y. Tan H. Adalaiti A. Tong F. Ma X. School of Pharmacy Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830011 China

The effects of ethanol extracts obtained from Cichorium glandulosum on the intestinal microbiota of diabetic mice (db/db mice) were investigated. In this study, m/m mice served as the normal control group (CON group), while db/db mice were randomly divided into the model group (MOD group), metformin-treated group (MET group), low-dose ethanol extract-treated group (CGL group), and high-dose ethanol extract-treated group (CGH group). After intragastric administration of ethanol extracts from Cichorium glandulosum for eight weeks, the body weight, fasting blood glucose levels, liver total cholesterol (TC) levels, and liver triglyceride (TG) content in mice were analyzed. Additionally, 16S rRNA sequencing analysis was performed on fecal samples of mice to investigate the changes in their intestinal microbiota after the treatment. It was discovered that the high-dose ethanol extract can regulate the body weight and blood glucose levels of db/db mice and significantly reduce the levels of TC and TG in db/db mice (Pj.ang as a medicinal resource. © 2024 South China University of Technology. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cichorium glandulosum db/db mice high throughput sequencing intestinal flora type 2 diabetes

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Mass-Based Environmental Factor and Energy Assessment of Microwave-Assisted Synthesized Transition Metal Nanostructures

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American j.urnal of Analytical Chemistry 2024年第6期15卷 201-218页

作者： Victor j. Law School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University College Dublin Dublin Ireland

This paper describes mass-based energy phase-space proj.ction of microwave-assisted synthesis of transition metals (zinc oxide, palladium, silver, platinum, and gold) nanostructures. The proj.ction uses process energy budget (measured in kj. on the horizontal axes and process density (measured in kj.−1) on the vertical axes. These two axes allow both mass usage efficiency (Environmental-Factor) and energy efficiency to be evaluated for a range of microwave applicator and metal synthesis. The metrics are allied to the: second, sixth and eleventh principle of the twelve principle of Green Chemistry. This analytical approach to microwave synthesis (widely considered as a useful Green Chemistry energy source) allows a quantified dynamic environmental quotient to be given to renewable plant-based biomass associated with the reduction of the metal precursors. Thus allowing a degree of quantification of claimed “eco-friendly” and “sustainable” synthesis with regard to waste production and energy usage.

关键词： Microwave-Assisted Synthesis Transition Metals Nanostructures Allometry Scaling Power-Law Signature Green Chemistry

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An Analysis of Specific Categories of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities for Children of Participants of the Air Force Health Study

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Open j.urnal of Epidemiology 2024年第2期14卷 312-330页

作者： George j. Knafl School of Nursing University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA

Background: The Air Force Health Study collected reproductive outcomes for live-born children of male Air Force veterans of the Vietnam War. Methods: Dioxin values for participants were obtained from blood samples. Analyses were conducted of occurrence of 16 specific categories of birth defects and developmental disabilities. Children were categorized as conceived before and after the start of participants’ Vietnam War service. Children conceived before the start of Vietnam War service were treated as being conceived when their fathers had unquantifiable dioxin values. Children conceived after the start of Vietnam War service for participants with missing dioxin values were excluded from primary analyses, but were used to assess the impact of their exclusion on conclusions. Correlation between values for specific categories for multiple children fathered by the same participant was accounted for. The dose-response relationship was treated as a step function increasing for dioxin values larger than adaptively identified individual thresholds changing with the specific category. Results: For 15 of 16 specific categories, the probability of occurrence increased substantially for a sufficiently high dioxin level above identified thresholds. Exclusion of children due to missing dioxin likely did not affect these results. Conclusions: Results supported the conclusion of substantial adverse effects on a wide variety of specific categories of birth defects and developmental disabilities due to sufficiently high exposures to dioxin, a toxic contaminant of Agent Orange used for herbicide spraying in the Vietnam War. Results may hold more generally, but might also have been affected by a variety of limitations.

关键词： Agent Orange Air Force Health Study Birth Defects Developmental Disabilities Dioxin Dose-Response Relationship Vietnam War

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Fresnel Equations Derived Using a Non-Local Hidden-Variable Particle Theory

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j.urnal of Modern Physics 2024年第6期15卷 950-984页

作者： Dirk j. Pons Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand

Problem: The Fresnel equations describe the proportions of reflected and transmitted light from a surface, and are conventionally derived from wave theory continuum mechanics. Particle-based derivations of the Fresnel equations appear not to exist. Approach: The obj.ctive of this work was to derive the basic optical laws from first principles from a particle basis. The particle model used was the Cordus theory, a type of non-local hidden-variable (NLHV) theory that predicts specific substructures to the photon and other particles. Findings: The theory explains the origin of the orthogonal electrostatic and magnetic fields, and re-derives the refraction and reflection laws including Snell’s law and critical angle, and the Fresnel equations for s and p-polarisation. These formulations are identical to those produced by electromagnetic wave theory. Contribution: The work provides a comprehensive derivation and physical explanation of the basic optical laws, which appears not to have previously been shown from a particle basis. Implications: The primary implications are for suggesting routes for the theoretical advancement of fundamental physics. The Cordus NLHV particle theory explains optical phenomena, yet it also explains other physical phenomena including some otherwise only accessible through quantum mechanics (such as the electron spin g-factor) and general relativity (including the Lorentz and relativistic Doppler). It also provides solutions for phenomena of unknown causation, such as asymmetrical baryogenesis, unification of the interactions, and reasons for nuclide stability/instability. Consequently, the implication is that NLHV theories have the potential to represent a deeper physics that may underpin and unify quantum mechanics, general relativity, and wave theory.

关键词： Wave-Particle Duality Optical Law Fresnel Equation Non-Local Hidden-Variable

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j.vian Planet Influence on the Forcing of Sunspot Cycles

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World j.urnal of Condensed Matter Physics 2024年第1期14卷 1-9页

作者： Fred j. Cadieu Physics Department Queens College of CUNY New York USA

The history of our solar system has been greatly influenced by the fact that there is a large gas giant planet, j.piter that has a nearly circular orbit. This has allowed relics of the early solar system formation to still be observable today. Since j.piter orbits the Sun with a period of approximately 12 years, it has always been thought that this could be connected to the nearly 11-year periodic peak in the number of sunspots observed. In this paper, the Sun and planets are considered to be moving about a center of mass point as the different planets orbit the Sun. This is the action of gravity that holds the solar system together. The center of mass for the j.piter-Sun system actually lies outside the Sun. The four gas giant planets dominate such effects and the four gas giant j.vian planets can be proj.cted together to determine an effective distance from the Sun’s center. Taken together these effects do seem to function as a sunspot forcing factor with a periodicity very close to 11 years. These predictions are made without consideration of any details of what is happening in the interior of the Sun. From these estimates, sunspot cycle 25 will be expected to peak in about September-October of 2025. Sunspot cycle 26 should peak in the year March of 2037.

关键词： Sun Cycles Solar System Formation j.piter

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Adaptive Random Effects/Coefficients Modeling

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Open j.urnal of Statistics 2024年第2期14卷 179-206页

作者： George j. Knafl School of Nursing University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill USA

Adaptive fractional polynomial modeling of general correlated outcomes is formulated to address nonlinearity in means, variances/dispersions, and correlations. Means and variances/dispersions are modeled using generalized linear models in fixed effects/coefficients. Correlations are modeled using random effects/coefficients. Nonlinearity is addressed using power transforms of primary (untransformed) predictors. Parameter estimation is based on extended linear mixed modeling generalizing both generalized estimating equations and linear mixed modeling. Models are evaluated using likelihood cross-validation (LCV) scores and are generated adaptively using a heuristic search controlled by LCV scores. Cases covered include linear, Poisson, logistic, exponential, and discrete regression of correlated continuous, count/rate, dichotomous, positive continuous, and discrete numeric outcomes treated as normally, Poisson, Bernoulli, exponentially, and discrete numerically distributed, respectively. Example analyses are also generated for these five cases to compare adaptive random effects/coefficients modeling of correlated outcomes to previously developed adaptive modeling based on directly specified covariance structures. Adaptive random effects/coefficients modeling substantially outperforms direct covariance modeling in the linear, exponential, and discrete regression example analyses. It generates equivalent results in the logistic regression example analyses and it is substantially outperformed in the Poisson regression case. Random effects/coefficients modeling of correlated outcomes can provide substantial improvements in model selection compared to directly specified covariance modeling. However, directly specified covariance modeling can generate competitive or substantially better results in some cases while usually requiring less computation time.

关键词： Adaptive Regression Correlated Outcomes Extended Linear Mixed Modeling Fractional Polynomials Likelihood Cross-Validation Random Effects/Coefficients

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