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Survey on Avian Malaria Parasites in Village Chickens(Gallus gallus domesticus)in Gombe Local Government Area,Gombe State,Nigeria

Open Journal of Composite Materials（复合材料期刊） 2022年第4期

作者： nuhu caleb amulah abubakar mohammed el-jummah abba alhaji hammajam usman ibrahim

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Veterinary Science Research 2021年第2期3卷 7-22页

作者： Jallailudeen Rabana Lawal Umar Isa ibrahim Abdullahi abubakar Biu Hassan Ismail Musa Department of Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MaiduguriP.M.B.1069MaiduguriBorno StateNigeria Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MaiduguriP.M.B.1069MaiduguriBorno StateNigeria Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MaiduguriP.M.B.1069MaiduguriBorno StateNigeria

Reports of avian malaria parasites in village chicken in Nigeria generally remain fragmentary and *** study was conducted in Gombe Local Government Area of Gombe State,Nigeria to investigate avian malaria parasites in Village Chickens(Gallus gallus domesticus)and to determine the risk factors associated with the prevalence of the haemoparasites.A total of 530 village chickens blood samples were obtained from apparently healthy village chickens'brachial veins using sterile 2mls syringes and 23 gauge *** blood smear was made from each blood sample,and Giemsa stained and examined for the presence of avian haemoparasites under an *** result indicates 23.8%overall prevalence rate of three species of avian malaria parasites consisting of Plasmodium,Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon *** *** the highest prevalent rate of 13.0%followed by Haemoproteus spp.(5.1%),mixed Plasmodium spp.+Haemoproteus spp.(4.9%)infection and Leucocytozoon spp.(0.8%).Prevalence of avian malaria parasites was significantly higher in cocks compared to hens(p<0.05),as well as higher in adults compared to growers chickens(p<0.05).This study also showed a higher prevalence of avian malaria parasites during the rainy season compared to the dry season of the study *** was concluded that haemoparasites of Plasmodium,Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon species that occur in both single and mixed infections are prevalent among village chickens that are apparently healthy in Gombe Local Government Area of Gombe State,Nigeria.

关键词： Avian Malaria Haemoproteus Leucocytozoon Plasmodium Village chickens

Hypermucoviscosity in Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae Correlates with High Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) Index

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2016年第3期6卷 97-103页

作者： Uzal Umar Sandra Anagor Abdullahi Aliyu Abdulmumini ibrahim Suleiman Department of Biological Sciences Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi Nigeria Department of Clinical Microbiology Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital Bauchi Nigeria

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen of medical importance and the capsule and mucoid phenotype in this organism are considered as requisite virulence determinants. A total of 62 clinical samples from ATBUTH were collected and screened for K. pneumoniae. The isolates were identified using standard tests for this organism. The string test was used to detect the mucoid (hypermucoviscous) phenotype and the antimicrobial susceptibility test to 10 antibiotics was carried out with the disk diffusion technique after standardizing inoculum. A K. pneumoniae prevalence of 24% (15/62) was obtained of which 47% (7/15) were mucoid (hypermucoviscous) and 53% (8/15) were non-mucoid. Colonial sizes of the two strains do not reveal any significant differences in growth fitness of the strains. On blood agar, the mucoid and non-mucoid strains had a mean colonial size ± standard deviations of 4.41 ± 0.58 mm and 4.27 ± 0.42 mm respectively. The antibiotic susceptibility rate showed that the mucoid strains compared to the non-mucoid were more resistant to nine out of 10 antibiotics. The mucoid strains were outrightly resistant to augmentin, amoxicillin, septrin, sparfloxacin and perfloxacin. The non-mucoid strains showed no complete resistant to any antibiotic tested but had a higher resistant rate to chloramphenicol only. The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index shows the themucoid strains with a high MAR index range of 0.7 - 1.0 with a median MAR index of 0.8, while the non-mucoid strains had a MAR index of 0.2 - 0.8 with a median MAR index of 0.35. The data suggest that the mucoid phenotype could be associated with extrachromsomal element(s) carrying resistance genes to antibiotics and that these extrachromosomal elements may not harbour resistance determinants to chloramphenicol. Furthermore, the extrachromosomal elements bearing the mucoid phenotype and the resistance elements in the mucoid strains do not significantly impact on the fitness of the cognate strain.

关键词： Hypermucoviscousity PLA Phagocytosis Siderophores Virulence

Determination of Effect of Home-Based Oral Chloroquine Treatment on Haematological Indices of <i>P. falciparum</i>Malaria in Children under 5 Years in Jos Metropolis

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2018年第2期8卷 70-81页

作者： Segun Afolabi Olomu Ubom Gregory Abraham Garba ibrahim Hassan Department of Biochemistry University of Jos Plateau Nigeria Department of Biochemistry Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi Nigeria

Background: The incidence of P. falciparum malaria is characterized by high rates of morbidity and mortality in under 5 children;a trend reportedly prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries including Nigeria, and recently observed in Jos metropolis, has to date defied all constructive, preventive and drug therapy intervention measures and consequently continues to constitute a serious public health problem in this most vulnerable group. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine certain haematological indicators of malaria parasite infection;their role in the clinical manifestation of P. falciparum malaria and effect of first line oral chloroquine treatment in children under 5 years attending Jos University Teaching hospital and OLA Hospital in Jos metropolis. Method: This is a cross-sectional study of 93 malaria and non-malaria children, age 1 - 59 months attending Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH), Jos and OLA hospital, Jos, North Central Nigeria. Malaria diagnosis was carried out using microscopical examination of Leishman’s stained thick and thin blood films and complete blood count was done using Beckman Coulter Analyzer. Results: The mean percentage lymphocyte value of chloroquine treated children (39.28% ± 7.45%) was significantly lower than the control (66.38% ± 2.27%). The mean granulocyte value of chloroquine treated children (51.07% ± 6.40%) was significantly higher than the control (26.69% ± 2.43%). Red Blood Cell (RBC) counts (4.01 ± 0.21 × 106/μL), Haemoglobin concentration (9.60 ± 0.51 g/dl) and Haematocrit (30.97% ± 1.43%) of chloroquine treated children were significantly higher than corresponding values in untreated malarious children, but not significantly different from values obtained in non-malaria control children. The RBC counts (2.92 ± 0.39 × 106/μL), Haemoglobin concentration (7.23 ± 1.01 g/dl) and Haematocrit (23.70% ± 3.37%) obtained for untreated malarious children were significantly lower than corresponding values in

关键词： Malaria Chloroquine Children Hospital Treatment

Therapeutic efficacy of voltage‑gated sodium channel inhibitors in epilepsy

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Acta Epileptologica 2023年第2期6卷 65-85页

作者： John Agbo Zainab G.ibrahim Shehu Y.Magaji Yahkub Babatunde Mutalub Philemon Paul Mshelia Daniel H.Mhyha Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Faculty of Basic Clinical SciencesCollege of Medical SciencesAbubakar Tafawa Balewa UniversityBauchi 740272Nigeria Department of Physiology Faculty of Basic Medical ScienceCollege of Medical SciencesAbubakar Tafawa Balewa UniversityBauchi 740272Nigeria Department of Medical Biochemistry Faculty of Basic Medical ScienceCollege of Medical SciencesAbubakar Tafawa Balewa UniversityBauchi 740272Nigeria

Epilepsy is a neurological disease characterized by excessive and abnormal hyper-synchrony of electrical discharges of the brain and a predisposition to generate epileptic seizures resulting in a broad spectrum of neurobiological insults,imposing psychological,cognitive,social and also economic burdens to the ***-gated sodium channels(VGSCs)are essential for the generation and propagation of action potentials throughout the central nervous *** of these channels has been implicated in the pathogenesis of *** inhibitors have been demonstrated to act as anticonvulsants to suppress the abnormal neuronal firing underlying epileptic seizures,and are used for the management and treatment of both genetic-idiopathic and acquired *** discuss the forms of idiopathic and acquired epilepsies caused by VGSC mutations and the therapeutic efficacy of VGSC blockers in idiopathic,acquired and pharmacoresistant forms of epilepsy in this *** conclude that there is a need for better alternative therapies that can be used alone or in combination with VGSC inhibitors in the management of *** current anti-seizure medications(ASMs)especially for pharmacoresistant epilepsies and some other types of epilepsy have not yielded expected therapeutic efficacy partly because they do not show subtype-selectivity in blocking sodium channels while also bringing side ***,there is a need to develop novel drug cocktails with enhanced selectivity for specific VGSC isoforms,to achieve better treatment of pharmacoresistant epilepsies and other types of epileptic seizures.

关键词： Epilepsy Voltage-gated sodium channels Idiopathic epilepsy Acquired epilepsy Anti-seizure medications Pharmacoresistant epilepsy

Production and Quality of Biscuits from Composite Flours

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Journal of Food Science and Engineering 2018年第6期8卷 241-247页

作者： A.D.Ismail L.G.abubakar N.G.Nwachukwu A.Mohammed A.S.ibrahim Department of Agricultural and Bioresource Engineering Abubakar Tafawa Balewa UniversityPMB 0248Yelwa Campus BauchiBauchi StateNigeria Department of Agricultural Biotechnology National Biotechnology Development AgencyUmar Musa Yar’Adua Express WayLugbeAbuja FCTPMB 5118WuseAbujaNigeria

Biscuits were produced from bambara nut,cowpea and wheat flour *** study was carried out to evaluate the effects of varying the proportions of these flours on the nutritional quality and general acceptability of the *** blends of composite flours were prepared by mixing wheat,bambara nut and cowpea(WBC)flours in the proportions:T1(90:5:5),T2(80:10:10),T3(70:15:15),T4(60:20:20),T5(50:25:25)and 100%whole wheat flour was used as the control(T0).Composite flours produced were subjected to functional and proximate analysis while the biscuits made from the flour blends were also subjected to sensory evaluation and proximate *** use of composite flour for the production of biscuits from cowpea and bambara nut flours as supplement for the wheat flour has improved the nutritional contents of the biscuits with protein value being highest at mixing ratio *** functional properties of the biscuits showed some significant differences(p<0.05)when compared with whole wheat *** results showed that biscuits produced from T5 formulation with proximate composition of 11.87%moisture,2.90%ash,18.61%protein and 75.62%carbohydrate was selected as the best product.

关键词： Biscuits formulation composite flour wheat cowpea bambara nut

Application of Desert Date (<i>Balanites aegyptiaca</i>) Seed Oil as Potential Raw Material in the Formulation of Soap and Lotion

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2018年第9期9卷 423-437页

作者： Charity Uren Zang Alexander Asanja Jock Hassan ibrahim Garba Yarkasuwa Istifanus Chindo Chemical & Petroleum Techniques Department of Science Laboratory Technology University of Jos Jos Nigeria Department of Chemistry Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi Nigeria

Balanites aegyptiaca has multiplicity of uses and almost every part of the plant is useful including its flowers, leaves, bark, root and fruit. In this study, oil from Desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca) kernel seed was extracted, analyzed and used in the formulation of soap and lotion. The physical parameters determined were oil content, specific gravity, refractive index and moisture content. These were found to be 45.32% ± 0.0026%, 0.90 ± 0.03, 1.45% and 0.114% ± 0.04%, respectively. The chemical parameters evaluated include saponification value (200.02 ± 0.12 mg KOH/g), acid value (2.14 ± 0.28 mg KOH/g), iodine value (104.39 ± 0.00 100/g), peroxide value (2.95 ± 0.00 mEq/kg) and free fatty acid (0.82% ± 0.01%). The oil quality assessments test indicates %FFA content of 0.84% and the fatty acids composition of the oil was evaluated using GC-MS as FAME;the oil contains about 47.52% unsaturated fatty acids. The seed kernel of Balanites aegyptiaca is a good source of vegetable oil. Soap formulated from the oil is considered a good soap based on the soap quality parameters determined. Lotion formulated has a good stability when subjected to lotion stability test.

关键词： Balanites aegyptiaca Oil Formulation Soap

Evaluation of Economic Importance of Locally Produced Manure over Inorganic Fertilizer for Maize Production: Vegetative Performance and Cost Implication

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2019年第2期9卷 64-74页

作者： Fatima Aliyu Deba Safiya Isma’il Muhammed Rabiu Sahal ibrahim Yusuf Okpanachi abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi Nigeria University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria

Background: Crops of economic importance like Maize are preferred to other crops with capacity of giving the highest yields, having the ability to help alleviate poverty within the African continent. The consistent use of inorganic fertilizers has great adverse effect on soil structure. The quest to seek alternative method of boosting maize production is imminent to avoid further soil degradation. Most plants form symbiotic relationships with mycorrhizae and improve nutrients uptake by host plants. Objectives: The aim of this study is to examine the effect of mycorrhizae in local manure production on development of maize, in comparison with inorganic fertilizer application and its cost implication. Methods: The experiment involved samples of starter soil from 7 local governments. Organic waste was added to starter soil, each having three replicates. Nine other replicates served as non-inoculated controls and nine served for fertilizer application at 50 g, 100 g and 150 g. One [1] gram of Maize sown in 50 ml pot contains soil at different treatment levels 50 g, 100 g, and 150 g. After two weeks, samples were transplanted in an open field. Results: The result showed plots treated with locally produced fertilizer, significantly influenced plant height, culm diameter, number of leaves and leaf broadness in comparison to inorganic fertilizer, which showed 53%, 47% respectively. Conclusion: Cost production of a bag of organic fertilizer was one-fourth cheaper compared to an inorganic fertilizer price from an open market.

关键词： Mycorrhizae Organic Fertilizer Inorganic Fertilizer Maize Production

Evaluation of Daily Gridded Meteorological Datasets over the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria and Implication to Water Resources Management

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2020年第1期10卷 21-39页

作者： ibrahim Hassan Robert M. Kalin Christopher J. White Jamiu A. Aladejana Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Strathclyde Glasgow UK Department of Civil Engineering Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi Nigeria Department of Geology University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria

Hydro-climatological study is difficult in most of the developing countries due to the paucity of monitoring stations. Gridded climatological data provides an opportunity to extrapolate climate to areas without monitoring stations based on their ability to replicate the Spatio-temporal distribution and variability of observed datasets. Simple correlation and error analyses are not enough to predict the variability and distribution of precipitation and temperature. In this study, the coefficient of correlation (R2), Root mean square error (RMSE), mean bias error (MBE) and mean wet and dry spell lengths were used to evaluate the performance of three widely used daily gridded precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature datasets from the Climatic Research Unit (CRU), Princeton University Global Meteorological Forcing (PGF) and Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) datasets available over the Niger Delta part of Nigeria. The Standardised Precipitation Index was used to assess the confidence of using gridded precipitation products on water resource management. Results of correlation, error, and spell length analysis revealed that the CRU and PGF datasets performed much better than the CFSR datasets. SPI values also indicate a good association between station and CRU precipitation products. The CFSR datasets in comparison with the other data products in many years overestimated and underestimated the SPI. This indicates weak accuracy in predictability, hence not reliable for water resource management in the study area. However, CRU data products were found to perform much better in most of the statistical assessments conducted. This makes the methods used in this study to be useful for the assessment of various gridded datasets in various hydrological and climatic applications.

关键词： Climate Research Unit (CRU) Princeton University Global Meteorological Forcing Dataset (PGF) Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI)

Bacterial Blood Isolates in Children: Conventional vs. Bactec Automated Blood Culture System in a Tertiary Health Centre in Gombe, North East Nigeria

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