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Physico-Chemical and Isotopic (¹⁸O, ²H and ³H) Characterization of the Upper Dallol Maouri Watershed (Niger)

Open Journal of Geology 2022年第8期12卷 613-639页

作者： Abdoul Hayou Habi Hamani Mahaman Moustapha Adamou Issoufou Sandao halidou alassane hado Faculty of Agronomy Abdou Moumouny University Niamey Niger Faculty of Science and Technics Abdou Moumouny University Niamey Niger

Dallol Maouri is one of the fossil valleys on the left bank of the Niger River. Its watershed drains water from valleys in the Tahoua and Dosso regions of Niger. The watercourse is not continuous and has areas of surface water accumulation (ponds) and areas of spreading and infiltration. The surface water potential in this area is limited, with most of the ponds having a temporary to the semi-permanent regime. Groundwater resources are, therefore, the main sources of withdrawal for human food, agriculture, and livestock. Climate change through the variation in rainfall, the often-anarchic multiplication of catchment works (wells and boreholes) and agricultural activities can have impacts on the qualitative and quantitative evolution of surface and groundwater. The objective of this study is to characterize the surface and underground water of the upper dallol Maouri through the physicochemical parameters of the water and the use of the isotopes of the water molecule (18O, 2H and 3H). A total of 53 water samples were analyzed at the laboratory of the Regional Directorate of Hydraulics and Sanitation of Tillabéri (Niger) for chemical parameters and 73 samples were analyzed at the Radio Analysis and Environment Laboratory (LRAE) of the National School of Engineers of Sfax (ENIS) of Tunis for isotopy. The water of the ponds is characterized by three types of facies: calcium bicarbonate, calcium and magnesium bicarbonate, and calcium nitrate chloride. The groundwater is 75% of the chloride-nitrate-calcium facies and the CT3/CT2 groundwater is calcium and magnesium bicarbonate. The results of the stable isotopes made it possible to highlight the presence of four distinct water groups: ponds characterized by highly evaporated water, the sheets of Continental Terminal 1 and 2 (CT1 and CT2) with an isotopic cachet of old water, the water table consisting of a two-layer system in the southwestern part of the area. The water is not very mineral

关键词： Dallol Maouri Physicochemistry Isotopy Ponds Groundwater Continental Terminal

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Rise of Urban Water Table as a Cause of Flooding: Improving Knowledge in the City of Niamey (Niger Republic)

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2021年第12期13卷 976-999页

作者： halidou alassane hado Mahaman Moustapha Adamou Guillaume Favreau Marie Boucher Karmadine Hima Ibrahim Dan Dano Faculty of Agronomy Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey Niamey Niger Faculty of Science and Technics Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey Niamey Niger Grenoble Alpes University IRD CNRS Grenoble INP IGE Grenoble France Medical and Health Research Center of Niger CERMES Niamey Niger

Niamey, the capital of Niger, has experienced continuous demographic growth (+4%), accompanied by rapid urban expansion that is insufficiently controlled. This growth, combined with the effects of climate change as well as a drastic change in land use (urbanization of cultivated fields, deforestation of plateaus and erosion of slopes) disrupts the water cycle, thus leading to the superposition of three types of floods: 1) rain floods (monsoon period);2) river floods (Niger river);and 3) flooding caused by rising water table. In several neighbourhoods, the water table is now out in a sustainable manner and degrades already fragile sanitary conditions. This study aims to clarify the functioning of aquifers in the city of Niamey due to the combination of geological, geophysical and hydrogeological data. Hydrogeological investigations make it possible to identify, in areas flooded by the water table, a shallow aquifer with low capacitance (effective porosity of a few %) and low permeability (2 × 10-6 to 1 × 10-4 m/s), overlying at a level shallow clay (~10 m) and lying on the Precambrian base (schists, granites). This configuration limits flows and has led to the appearance of permanent pools created by the water table in the valley thalweg in and around the city. Thus, in Niamey, an increase of up to twenty to forty meters was observed between 1961 and 2021 with seasonal piezometric fluctuations of a pluri-metric order following the rainy season. Beyond the health impacts, this trajectory negatively impacts land and locally causes degradation or displacement of traffic axes. Containing the level of the water table appears to be essential in the long term for sustainable sanitation in the city of Niamey.

关键词： Flood Impacts Water Table Geophysics Upwelling Niamey

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Physicochemical and Bacteriological Quality of Ground Water in the Basin of Gounti Yena Valley in Niamey City (Niger Republic)

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2022年第2期14卷 186-220页

作者： halidou alassane hado Mahaman Moustapha Adamou Guillaume Favreau Karmadine Hima Ibrahim Dan Dano Abdourahmane Toure Amadou Nafissa Saidou Faculty of Agronomy Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey Niamey Niger IGE Grenoble INP CNRS IRD Grenoble Alpes University Grenoble France Faculty of Science and Technology Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey Niamey Niger Medical and Health Research Center Niamey Niger Quali Control Lab Niamey Niger

The Gounti Yéna valley, the subject of this study, is a tributary of the Niger River, it is the main watercourse that divides the left bank of the city of Niamey into two unequal parts. The surface area of its watershed is estimated at about 62 Km2. The objective of the present study is on the one hand to evaluate the current state of the physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of the water of Gounti Yéna basin, and on the other hand to define the risks of water pollution and its origin in the face of the phenomenon of rising water table of this basin. In order to carry out this work, we proceeded to a study of the evolution of the physicochemical and bacteriological parameters of the water of the basin of Gounti Yéna during the period going from November 2020 to October 2021, at the level of four points of sampling chosen from the upstream to the downstream of the basin. The results obtained showed that the physico-chemical quality of the water in Gounti Yéna basin is influenced by the lithology of the watershed, climatic factors (rainfall and temperature) and anthropic actions. This study also highlighted the presence of fecal contamination in the water of the Gounti Yéna basin, with a greater degree of emphasis during the rainy season. This contamination remains a concern and may constitute a health risk.

关键词： Pollution Physicochemistry Bacteriology Water Table Flooding Niamey

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Monitoring of the Physicochemical and Bacteriological Quality of the Water of the Gounti-Yéna Basin and Assessment of the Impact on the Health of the Populations

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2022年第7期13卷 459-489页

作者： halidou alassane hado Adamou Mahaman Moustapha Guillaume Favreau Karmadine Hima Ibrahim Dan Dano Abdourhamane Amadou Toure Nafissa Saidou Faculty of Agronomy Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey Niamey Niger Grenoble Alpes University IRD CNRS Grenoble INP IGE Grenoble France Faculty of Science and Technology Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey Niamey Niger Medical and Health Research Center Niamey Niger Quali Control Lab Niamey Niger

The Gounti Yéna valley is the main watercourse that divides the left bank of the city of Niamey into two unequal parts. The area of its watershed is estimated at about 62 km2. The objective of this study is on the one hand to evaluate the current state of the physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of the water of the Gounti Yéna basin and on the other hand to define the risks of water pollution and its origin in the face of the phenomenon of the rise in the water table of this basin by defining some health risks linked to these impacts. In order to properly carry out this work, we carried out a study of the evolution of the physicochemical and bacteriological parameters of the water of the Gounti Yéna basin during the period from November 2020 to October 2021, at three sampling points chosen from upstream to downstream of the basin then entomological surveys and among the health centers of the capital. The results obtained showed that the physico-chemical quality of water in the Gounti Yéna basin is influenced by climatic factors (precipitation and temperature) and anthropogenic actions. This study also highlighted the presence of faecal contamination in the water of the Gounti Yéna basin with a greater degree during the rainy season. This contamination remains worrying and constitutes a health risk causing waterborne diseases. The stagnation of the various bodies of water is also a favorable place for the development and spread of vector-borne diseases.

关键词： Pond Resurgence Point Flooding Health Impact Urban Environment

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Hydrodynamic Characterization of the Water Table of the Upper Dallol Maouri Basin (Niger)

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Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2023年第2期13卷 77-93页

作者： Habi Hamani Abdoul-Hayou Adamou Mahaman Moustapha Sandao Issoufou alassane hado halidou Faculty of Agronomy Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey Niamey Niger Faculty of Sciences and Technics Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey Niamey Niger

The Dallol Maouri is a valley of an ancient tributary of the Niger River. The groundwater in this area of the upper Dallol Maouri is little known because of the weakness of the data. The purpose of this study is to make a hydrodynamic characterization of the water table of the upper dallol Maouri by piezometric approach. A piezometric monitoring network made up of 65 points (54 wells and 11 piezometers) was set up. Six (6) piezometric measurement campaigns were carried out from June 2018 to June 2021. The piezometric survey is carried out once every six months: in January and June corresponding respectively to the high and low water period. The results show that the water table is multi-layered in places with a combination of alluvial and Continental Terminal 3 (CT3) aquifers, or perched aquifers and inferoflux aquifers around permanent ponds. The flow direction of the Continental Terminal 3 (CT3) aquifer is mainly North-East/South-West. The piezometric levels are around 219 m (in the South-West part) and 281 m (in the North-East part). The hydraulic gradient varies from 0.018‰ to 1.83‰. The recharge zones are located in the outcrop zone of the aquifer and in the valleys. A lack of recharge is observed on the plateaus despite the presence of numerous permanent ponds. The recharge coefficient in 2020 is estimated at 25% of the total rainfall recorded.

关键词： Aquifer Piezometry Pond Recharge Isotopic

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