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Status of Techniques Used to Control Moulds in Maize Storage in Africa

Agricultural Sciences 2022年第1期13卷 49-64页

作者： halfane lehmane Rafiatou Ba Durand Dah-Nouvlessounon Haziz Sina Gautier Roko Farid T. Bade Akim Socohou Adolphe Adjanohoun Lamine Baba-Moussa Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Faculty of Sciences and Techniques University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin Cotonou Benin

In Benin, the preservation of maize is a real problem involving important physical and chemical properties losses. Physical losses are due by rodents, pests and insects and chemical losses are mainly due to fungal infection. Several methods, products and practices are used by farmers to overcome these problems. The methods used do not always control the losses caused by fungal infection. The objective of the study was to make a bibliographic synthesis of the impacts induced by the items, practices and methods used to overcome the chemical losses of maize. In the search for information, the library of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries was consulted;the archives of the library of the University of Abomey-Calavi and the National Institute of Agricultural Research of Benin were also consulted. Thus, chemicals such as sofagrain, Pyrimiphos-Methyl, Thiamethoxam, Pyrimiphos-Methyl, Permethrin, Deltamethrin, fumigant are used to control physical attacks on maize. Ash and plants species such as neem tree (Azadirachta indica) are generally used for the preservation and storage of maize seeds. In addition, chemicals such as arsenious anhydride and zinc phosphide are used for the preservation of corn. The use of these molecules and chemical products has negative impacts on human health and the environment. Of all the methods used, no treatment is still popularized for the reduction of the chemical losses caused by the fungal infection in corn storage.

关键词： Impact Aflatoxins Cereals Conservation Africa

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Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory Efficacy and HPLC Analysis of <i>Annona muricata</i>Leaves Extracts from Republic of Benin

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第6期11卷 803-818页

作者： Kohonou Arnaud Chabi Nicodème Dah-Nouvlessounon Durand Nounagnon Martial Sognigbe Basile Sina Haziz N’Tcha Christine Kohonou A. Christian lehmane halfane Dougnon Victorien Pacôme Noumavo Baba-Moussa Lamine Laboratory of Research in Applied Biology Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Faculty of Science and Technology University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances Laboratory of Research in Applied Biology Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin

Annona muricata L. (Soursop or Graviola) is a naturally occurring plant seen in Southern part of Africa, traditionally used in Benin to treat various diseases. The present study aimed to investigate phytochemical composition and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities of A. muricata leaves extracts. The secondary metabolites of ethanolic and hemi-ethanolic extracts were analysed by HPLC method. The DPPH and FRAP methods were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity. Inhibition of albumin denaturation method was used to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity of the tested extracts of which larval cytotoxicity was studied. The major identified compounds were gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, cafeic acid, tannic acid, ferrulic acid, Rutin. Ascorbic acid exhibited the highest inhibition percentage (83.33% ± 0.50%) of DPPH radical with the lowest IC50 (45.1 ± 0.28 μg/ml). The inhibition of the ferric ion Fe3+ varied (p = 0.0013) according to the extracts type. IC50 values of ferric ion inhibition range from 119.5 ± 3.10 to 250.8 ± 2.13 μg/ml respectively for A. muricata

关键词： A. muricata Secondary Metabolites Extracts Screening Biological Activities Benin

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Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of <i>Desmodium ramosissimum</i>

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第1期11卷 51-63页

作者： Badé Farid Toyigbénan Dah-Nouvlessounon Durand Sina Haziz Nanoukon Chimène Moussè Wassiyath Nabéde Aklesso Assogba Sylvestre Tohoyéssou Majoie Nounagnon Martial halfane lehmane Adjanohoun Adolphe Savadogo Aly Baba-Moussa Lamine

Microbial infections threaten the health of the Beninese population. Objectives: To identify bioactive phytochemical groups and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Desmodium ramosissimum used in traditional medicine in Benin against microbial infections. Methodology & Results: The classic reactions in solution helped highlight alkaloids, anthocyanins, flavonoids, quinones, saponins, steroids, tannins, terpenoids, mucilage, Coumarin, reducing compounds, anthracene, glycosides. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by extracts dilution’s method (ethanol extracts, methanol extracts and hexane extracts). The methanol extract inhibited the growth of all tested germs, with a significant effect on E. coli and S. aureus strains whose MIC values are equal to 1.25 mg/ml. On the contrary, this extract has a low activity on P. vulgaris strain with a MIC of 10 mg/ml. The ethanol extract also inhibited the growth of all the tested strains, but with more intense activity than the methanol extract. The strains of C. albicans and S. oralis were more sensitive to the extract with 0.625 mg/ml for MIC, while S. aureus and P. vulgaris were less sensitive (MIC = 5 mg/ml). The residual ethanol extract exerted inhibition on all microorganisms at a concentration of 20 mg/ml, except the strain of E. foecalis that was resistant. Conclusion & Applications: This study shows that besides its food virtues of this plant, there are antibacterial and antifungal properties.

关键词： Desmodium Benin Extracts Antimicrobial Screening

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