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Spatial and temporal dynamics of growth of woody plant species (birch and willows) on the foreland of a retreating glacier in southern Iceland

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ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 184-194页

作者： haley e.synan Mikael A.Melfi Lawrence H.Tanner Department of Biological and environmental Sciences Le Moyne CollegeSyracuseNew York 13214USA

Background:The forelands of retreating glaciers are invaluable natural laboratories in which to explore the processes of primary *** studies have been conducted on foreland chronosequences to identify temporal and spatial trends of the successional *** study focused on the spatio-temporal distribution of three woody plant species on the foreland of a retreating glacier in southern Iceland where historical observations provide precise age control of the *** evaluate colonization and successional trends,we examined which species increase in abundance with time and tested the role of proximity to a seed source in ***,we quantified the rate at which biomass carbon is added to the ***:The density of stems of Betula pubescens increases with moraine age across the foreland chronosequence while the density of stems of both Salix lanata and Salix phylicifolia *** found low statistical significance to the relationship between the density of *** and distance from a forested ridge nor did we find a relationship between the lengths of the stems and the moraine *** biomass increased fastest during early successional stages and reached a maximum of 28.5 g C m^(−2) on the oldest ***:early colonization of moraines was controlled by environmental filters which favored both Salix *** by *** followed as environmental factors,e.g.,favorable soil properties,*** found no conclusive evidence that proximity to a potential source of *** propagules was a significant factor in controlling *** assumption that the abundance of individuals increased with time through later successional stages proved valid for ***,but not for either species of *** findings are consistent with the classical spatial successional model of community ***,general successional processes at the landscape scale control the temp

关键词： Glacial foreland Chronosequence Primary succession Spatial distribution Aboveground biomass Iceland

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Classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy and chronic wasting disease:two sides of the prion coin

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Animal Diseases 2024年第1期4卷 1-18页

作者： Nicholas J.haley Juergen A.Richt Department of Microbiology and Immunology College of Graduate StudiesMidwestern UniversityGlendaleAZUSA Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology College of Veterinary MedicineKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies(TSes)are a group of progressive and ultimately fatal neurologic diseases of man and animals,all resulting from the propagated misfolding of the host's normal cellular prion *** diseases can be spontaneous,heritable,anthropogenic/iatrogenic,or in some cases horizontally transmissible,and include such notable TSes as bovine spongiform encephalopathy(BSe)of cattle and chronic wasting disease(CWD)of *** they are both unequivocally protein misfolding disorders,they differ markedly in their pathogenesis,transmissibility,and zoonotic *** the BSe epidemic has largely abated over the past three decades following global feed bans on ruminant meat and bone meal,CWD,which is readily transmitted through various forms of excreta,has rapidly expanded from its original endemic zone to encompass much of North America,along with recently identified foci in *** importantly,although the classical form of BSe has proven transmissible to humans consuming contaminated beef or beef products,so far there have been no conclusive reports on the zoonotic transmission of cWD to *** underlying basis for these differences-whether host or agent directed-are not well understood,though may be due to inherent differences in the three-dimensional structure of the misfolded BSe or CWD prion proteins or the expression levels and tissue distribution of respective cellular prion *** the uncontrolled geographic spread of CWD,it is imperative that we improve our understanding of the factors governing prion disease pathogenesis,transmission,and zoonotic potential.

关键词： Prion Bovine Spongiform encephalopathy Chronic Wasting Disease Transmission Pathogenesis Zoonosis

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Saline-alkali soil reclamation and utilization in China:progress and prospects

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and engineering 2024年第2期11卷 216-228页

作者： Guangzhou WANG Gang NI Gu FeNG haley MBURRILL Jianfang LI Junling ZHANG Fusuo ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management(SKLNUM) College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNational Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China The Institute of ecology and evolution University of OregonEugeneOR97403USA

Soil salinity is a global threat to the productivity of arable land. With the impact of population growth and development of social economy in China, the area of arable land has been shrinking in recent decades and is approaching a critical threshold of 120 Mha, the minimum area for maintaining the national food security. Saline-alkaline land, as important backup reserve, has been receiving increased attention as an opportunity to expand land resources. This review first summarizes the general principles and technologies of saline soil reclamation to support plant growth, including leaching salts or blocking the rise of salts, and soil fertility enhancement to improve the buffering *** the progress in this area in China is described including the customization of technologies and practices used in different saline-alkali regions. Following the soil management strategies, the concept of selecting crops for saline soil is proposed. This encompasses halophyte planting, salt-tolerant crop breeding and the application of saline-adapted functional microorganisms to improve the adaptation of crops. Finally, the current problems and challenges are evaluate, and future research directions and prospects proposed for managing this major soil constraint.

关键词： Food security land reserve reclamation saline-alkali soil utilization

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光电极表面态的静态结构与时间分辨动力学和频光谱研究

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics 2024年第2期37卷 376-397,I0105页

作者：张彤 Jesse B.Brown haley Fisher Mallory Liebes 皇甫至超钱余亲饶毅美国犹他州立大学化学与生物化学系犹他州洛根84322

在光催化或光电催化反应过程中,光电极的表面态扮演着重要的角色,影响着电荷的产生、分离和利用过程,从而很大程度上决定了光电极的催化性能,通常用于研究光电极表面态以改进其性能的方法是间接的、非表面特异性的以及需要超高真空条件... 详细信息

在光催化或光电催化反应过程中,光电极的表面态扮演着重要的角色,影响着电荷的产生、分离和利用过程,从而很大程度上决定了光电极的催化性能,通常用于研究光电极表面态以改进其性能的方法是间接的、非表面特异性的以及需要超高真空条件下进行的方法,无法获得真实条件下的表面态信息。电子和频光谱和电子二次谐波等非线性光学方法具有表面特异性,可以在各种条件下实现表界面系统的原位研究.本研究介绍了表面态的重要性及其与催化性能的密切关系,概述研究半导体表面态、电场和载流子动力学的方法,并重点介绍了界面特异性光谱方法在该领域的最新贡献.包括通过相位信息提取带电表面态的宽带外插法电子二次谐波技术,提供表面态动力学信息的时间分辨电子和频光谱技术和探索表面态耦合的二维电子和频光谱技术,这些非线性光学方法的进一步发展将实现对光电极表面态和界面电子特性的多角度原位表征,提供对表面态及表面电荷转移过程更深层次的理解,以启发未来光催化和光电催化材料的研究和改进.

关键词：表面态电子和频光谱光催化光电催化

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Polyethylene glycol has immunoprotective effects on sciatic allografts, but behavioral recovery and graft tolerance require neurorrhaphy and axonal fusion

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1192-1206页

作者： Tyler A.Smith Liwen Zhou Cameron L.Ghergherehchi Michelle Mikesh Cathy Z.Yang haley O.Tucker JuliAnne Allgood Jared S.Bushman George D.Bittner Department of Molecular Biosciences University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Department of Neuroscience University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of WyomingLaramieWYUSA

Behavioral recovery using(viable)peripheral nerve allografts to repair ablation-type(segmental-loss)peripheral nerve injuries is delayed or poor due to slow and inaccurate axonal ***,such peripheral nerve allografts undergo immunological rejection by the host immune *** contrast,peripheral nerve injuries repaired by polyethylene glycol fusion of peripheral nerve allografts exhibit excellent behavioral recovery within weeks,reduced immune responses,and many axons do not undergo Wallerian *** relative contribution of neurorrhaphy and polyethylene glycol-fusion of axons versus the effects of polyethylene glycol per se was unknown prior to this *** hypothesized that polyethylene glycol might have some immune-protective effects,but polyethylene glycol-fusion was necessary to prevent Wallerian degeneration and functional/behavioral *** examined how polyethylene glycol solutions per se affect functional and behavioral recovery and peripheral nerve allograft morphological and immunological responses in the absence of polyethylene glycol-induced axonal ***-type sciatic nerve injuries in outbred Sprague–Dawley rats were repaired according to a modified protocol using the same solutions as polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts,but peripheral nerve allografts were loose-sutured(loose-sutured polyethylene glycol)with an intentional gap of 1–2 mm to prevent fusion by polyethylene glycol of peripheral nerve allograft axons with host *** to negative control peripheral nerve allografts not treated by polyethylene glycol and in contrast to polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts,animals with loose-sutured polyethylene glycol peripheral nerve allografts exhibited Wallerian degeneration for all axons and myelin degeneration by 7 days postoperatively and did not recover sciatic-mediated behavioral functions by 42 days *** morphological signs of rejection,such as col

关键词： allograft rejection axotomy macrophage myelin nerve repair polyethylene glycol(PeG) sciatic nerve T cell transplantation Wallerian degeneration

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Investigation into precision engineering design and development of the next-generation brake discs using Al/SiC metal matrix composites

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Nanotechnology and Precision engineering 2021年第4期4卷 24-36页

作者： Jake haley Kai Cheng Department of Mechanical and Aerospace engineering College of EngineeringDesign and Physical SciencesBrunel University LondonUxbridge UB83PHUnited Kingdom

Substantially lightweight brake discs with high wear resistance are highly desirable in the automotive *** paper presents an investigation of the precision-engineering design and development of automotive brake discs using nonhomogeneous Al/SiC metal-matrixcomposite *** design and development are based on modeling and analysis following stringent precision-engineering principles,i.e.,brake-disc systems that operate repeatably and stably over time as enabled by precision-engineering *** design and development are further supported by tribological experimental testing and finite-element *** results show the industrial feasibility of the innovative design approach and the application merits of using advanced metal-matrix-composite materials for next-generation automotive and electric vehicles.

关键词： Brake disc design Metal matrix composite Precision engineering design Tribological testing Automotive braking system Finite element analysis(FeA)and simulation

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Molecular barriers to direct cardiac reprogramming

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Protein & Cell 2017年第10期8卷 724-734页

作者： haley Vaseghi Jiandong Liu Li Qian Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine McAllister Heart Institute University of North CarolinaChapel Hill NC 27599 USA

Myocardial infarction afflicts close to three quarters of a million Americans annually, resulting in reduced heart function, arrhythmia, and frequently death. Cardiomy- ocyte death reduces the heart＇s pump capacity while the deposition of a non-conductive scar incurs the risk of arrhythmia. Direct cardiac reprogramming emerged as a novel technology to simultaneously reduce scar tissue and generate new cardiomyocytes to restore cardiac function. This technology converts endogenous cardiac fibroblasts directly into induced cardiomyocyte-like cells using a variety of cocktails including transcription factors, microRNAs, and small molecules. Although promising, direct cardiac reprogramming is still in its fledging phase, and numerous barriers have to be overcome prior to its clinical application. This review discusses current findings to optimize reprogramming efficiency, including reprogramming factor cocktails and stoichiometry, epigenetic barriers to cell fate reprogramming, incomplete conversion and residual fibroblast identity, requisite growth factors, and environmental cues. Finally, we address the current challenges and future directions for the field.

关键词： cardiac reprogramming myocardia infarction epigenetics heart regeneration

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evidence and explanation for the involvement of the nucleus accumbens in pain processing

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第4期15卷 597-605页

作者： haley N.Harris Yuan B.Peng Department of Psychology University of Texas at Arlington

The nucleus accumbens(NAc)is a subcortical brain structure known primarily for its roles in pleasure,reward,and *** less focus on the NAc in pain research,it also plays a large role in the mediation of pain and is effective as a source of *** for this involvement lies in the NAc’s cortical connections,functions,pharmacology,and therapeutic *** NAc projects to and receives information from notable pain structures,such as the prefrontal cortex,anterior cingulate cortex,periaqueductal gray,habenula,thalamus,***,the NAc and other pain-modulating structures share functions involving opioid regulation and motivational and emotional processing,which each work beyond simply the rewarding experience of pain *** speaking,the NAc responds heavily to painful stimuli,due to its high density ofμopioid receptors and the activation of several different neurotransmitter systems in the NAc,such as opioids,dopamine,calcitonin gene-related peptide,γ-aminobutyric acid,glutamate,and substance P,each of which have been shown to elicit analgesic *** both preclinical and clinical models,deep brain stimulation of the NAc has elicited successful *** multi-functional NAc is important in motivational behavior,and the motivation for avoiding pain is just as important to survival as the motivation for seeking *** is possible,then,that the NAc must be involved in both pleasure and pain in order to help determine the motivational salience of positive and negative events.

关键词： analgesia circuitry deep brain stimulation nociception nucleus accumbens pain pain relief pain signaling reward striatum

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Sexual selection in cane toads Rhinella marina： A male＇s body size affects his success and his tactics

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Current Zoology 2013年第6期59卷 747-753页

作者： haley BOWCOCK Gregory P. BROWN Richard SHINe School of Biological Sciences A08 University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia

Abstract Male body size can play an important role in the mating systems of anuran amphibians. We conducted labora- tory-based trials with cane toads Rhinella （Bufo） marina from an invasive population in the wet-dry tropics of northern Australia, to clarify the effects of a male＇s body size on his reproductive success and behavior （mate choice）. Males were stimulated with a synthetic hormone to induce reproductive readiness. Larger body size enhanced a male toad＇s ability to displace a smaller rival from amplexus, apparently because of physical strength： more force was required to dislodge a larger than a smaller amplectant male. A male＇s body size also affected his mate-choice criteria. Males of all body sizes were as likely to attempt amplexus with another male as with a female of the same size, and preferred larger rather than smaller sexual targets. However, this size prefe- rence was stronger in larger males and hence, amplexus was size-assortative. This pattern broke down when males were given access to already-amplectant male-female pairs： males of all body sizes readily attempted amplexus with the pair, with no size discrimination. An amplectant pair provides a larger visual stimulus, and prolonged amplexus provides a strong cue for sex iden- tification （one of the individuals involved is almost certainly a female）. Thus, a male cane toad＇s body size affects both his ability to defeat rivals in physical struggles over females, and the criteria he uses when selecting potential mates, but the impacts of that selectivity depend upon the context in which mating occurs

关键词： Mating systems Size-assortative mating Large-male advantage Anurans Invasive species

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Poly(ethylene glycol)hydrogel elasticity influences human mesenchymal stem cell behavior

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2018年第3期5卷 167-175页

作者： Anna K.Whitehead haley H.Barnett Mary e.Caldorera-Moore Jamie J.Newman School of Biological Sciences Department of Biomedical engineering Louisiana Tech UniversityRustonLA 71272USA

Coordinated investigations into the interactions between biologically mimicking(biomimetic)material constructs and stem cells advance the potential for the regeneration and possible direct replacement of diseased cells and *** clinically relevant therapies will require the development and optimization of methods that mass produce fully functional cells and *** advances in the design and synthesis of biomaterial scaffolds,one of the biggest obstacles facing tissue engineering is understanding how specific extracellular cues produced by biomaterial scaffolds influence the proliferation and differentiation of various cell *** elasticity is one such tailorable property of synthetic scaffolds that is known to differ between ***,we investigate the interactions between an elastically tailorable polyethylene glycol(PeG)-based hydrogel platform and human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(hMSCs).For these studies,two different hydrogel compositions with elastic moduli in the ranges of 50-60 kPa and 8-10 kPa were *** findings demonstrate that the different elasticities in this platform can produce changes in hMSC morphology and proliferation,indicating that the platform can be implemented to produce changes in hMSC behavior and cell state for a broad range of tissue engineering and regenerative ***,we show that the platform’s different elasticities influence stem cell differentiation potential,particularly when promoting stem cell differentiation toward cell types from tissues with stiffer *** findings add to the evolving and expanding library of information on stem cell-biomaterial interactions and opens the door for continued exploration into PeG-based hydrogel scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.

关键词： biomaterial-cell interaction scaffolds stem cells

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