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Nutrient Evaluation of Dining Center Food Waste and Comparison to Monogastric and Ruminant Feedstuffs

Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2023年第3期13卷 323-335页

作者： Nelsa M. Beck.an Phillip A. Lancaster haley k. otott Rachel N. k.rt k.therine M. k.auss Melissa A. Schrader Jordan T. Gebhardt Charles R. Stark.Chad B. Paulk Department of Grain Science and Industry Kansas State University Manhattan USA Department of Clinical Sciences Kansas State University Manhattan USA Department of Housing and Dining Kansas State University Manhattan USA Department of Diagnostic Medicine Pathobiology Kansas State University Manhattan USA

The objective of this study was to analyze the nutrient composition and variability of university dining hall food waste and compare it with common feedstuffs used in ruminant and monogastric diets. Food waste was categorized into two initial streams: mainstream (MS) from the serving line and vegetable preparation (VP) from the k.tchen. Waste was collected from the k.amer Dining Center, k.nsas State University, resulting in 30 daily samples. Waste was weighed and ground to homogenous particle size. Daily samples of MS and VP were analyzed for nutrient composition, where results were combined to calculate the nutrient profile of a hypothetical mixed food waste stream (MX) composited by total weight. Data were analyzed using R statistical software (v 4.2.2). Moisture and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were greater in VP (P , while ether extract (EE) was less compared to MS and MX. Crude protein (CP) was greater (P 0.05) among streams for NDF, nitrogen-corrected neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent insoluble crude protein, CP, ash, lignin, and digestible and metabolizable energy. Dry matter and EE variation were greater (P < 0.05) in MS, whereas VP was less (P < 0.05) compared to MX. Standard deviation increased (P < 0.05) in MS and MX for neutral detergent insoluble crude protein, TDN, and gross energy when compared to VP. Despite having 70% - 80% moisture, dining hall food waste does have nutritive value and the potential to be included in ruminant and monogastric diets. Further research needs to be done to understand the value of including it in animal diets.

关键词： Food Waste Feedstuffs Monogastric Ruminant Nutrient Variability

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Classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy and chronic wasting disease:two sides of the prion coin

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Animal Diseases 2024年第1期4卷 1-18页

作者： Nicholas J.haley Juergen A.Richt Department of Microbiology and Immunology College of Graduate StudiesMidwestern UniversityGlendaleAZUSA Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology College of Veterinary MedicineKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies(TSEs)are a group of progressive and ultimately fatal neurologic diseases of man and animals,all resulting from the propagated misfolding of the host's normal cellular prion protein.These diseases can be spontaneous,heritable,anthropogenic/iatrogenic,or in some cases horizontally transmissible,and include such notable TSEs as bovine spongiform encephalopathy(BSE)of cattle and chronic wasting disease(CWD)of cervids.Although they are both unequivocally protein misfolding disorders,they differ mark.dly in their pathogenesis,transmissibility,and zoonotic potential.While the BSE epidemic has largely abated over the past three decades following global feed bans on ruminant meat and bone meal,CWD,which is readily transmitted through various forms of excreta,has rapidly expanded from its original endemic zone to encompass much of North America,along with recently identified foci in Scandinavia.Most importantly,although the classical form of BSE has proven transmissible to humans consuming contaminated beef or beef products,so far there have been no conclusive reports on the zoonotic transmission of cWD to humans.The underlying basis for these differences-whether host or agent directed-are not well understood,though may be due to inherent differences in the three-dimensional structure of the misfolded BSE or CWD prion proteins or the expression levels and tissue distribution of respective cellular prion proteins.With the uncontrolled geographic spread of CWD,it is imperative that we improve our understanding of the factors governing prion disease pathogenesis,transmission,and zoonotic potential.

关键词： Prion Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Chronic Wasting Disease Transmission Pathogenesis Zoonosis

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Saline-alk.li soil reclamation and utilization in China:progress and prospects

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第2期11卷 216-228页

作者： Guangzhou WANG Gang NI Gu FENG haley MBURRILL Jianfang LI Junling ZHANG Fusuo ZHANG State k.y Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management(Sk.NUM) College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNational Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China The Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of OregonEugeneOR97403USA

Soil salinity is a global threat to the productivity of arable land. With the impact of population growth and development of social economy in China, the area of arable land has been shrink.ng in recent decades and is approaching a critical threshold of 120 Mha, the minimum area for maintaining the national food security. Saline-alk.line land, as important back.p reserve, has been receiving increased attention as an opportunity to expand land resources. This review first summarizes the general principles and technologies of saline soil reclamation to support plant growth, including leaching salts or block.ng the rise of salts, and soil fertility enhancement to improve the buffering capacity.Then the progress in this area in China is described including the customization of technologies and practices used in different saline-alk.li regions. Following the soil management strategies, the concept of selecting crops for saline soil is proposed. This encompasses halophyte planting, salt-tolerant crop breeding and the application of saline-adapted functional microorganisms to improve the adaptation of crops. Finally, the current problems and challenges are evaluate, and future research directions and prospects proposed for managing this major soil constraint.

关键词： Food security land reserve reclamation saline-alk.li soil utilization

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光电极表面态的静态结构与时间分辨动力学和频光谱研究

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics 2024年第2期37卷 376-397,I0105页

作者：张彤 Jesse B.Brown haley Fisher Mallory Liebes 皇甫至超钱余亲饶毅美国犹他州立大学化学与生物化学系犹他州洛根84322

在光催化或光电催化反应过程中,光电极的表面态扮演着重要的角色,影响着电荷的产生、分离和利用过程,从而很大程度上决定了光电极的催化性能,通常用于研究光电极表面态以改进其性能的方法是间接的、非表面特异性的以及需要超高真空条件... 详细信息

在光催化或光电催化反应过程中,光电极的表面态扮演着重要的角色,影响着电荷的产生、分离和利用过程,从而很大程度上决定了光电极的催化性能,通常用于研究光电极表面态以改进其性能的方法是间接的、非表面特异性的以及需要超高真空条件下进行的方法,无法获得真实条件下的表面态信息。电子和频光谱和电子二次谐波等非线性光学方法具有表面特异性,可以在各种条件下实现表界面系统的原位研究.本研究介绍了表面态的重要性及其与催化性能的密切关系,概述研究半导体表面态、电场和载流子动力学的方法,并重点介绍了界面特异性光谱方法在该领域的最新贡献.包括通过相位信息提取带电表面态的宽带外插法电子二次谐波技术,提供表面态动力学信息的时间分辨电子和频光谱技术和探索表面态耦合的二维电子和频光谱技术,这些非线性光学方法的进一步发展将实现对光电极表面态和界面电子特性的多角度原位表征,提供对表面态及表面电荷转移过程更深层次的理解,以启发未来光催化和光电催化材料的研究和改进.

关键词：表面态电子和频光谱光催化光电催化

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Polyethylene glycol has immunoprotective effects on sciatic allografts, but behavioral recovery and graft tolerance require neurorrhaphy and axonal fusion

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1192-1206页

作者： Tyler A.Smith Liwen Zhou Cameron L.Ghergherehchi Michelle Mik.sh Cathy Z.Yang haley O.Tuck.r JuliAnne Allgood Jared S.Bushman George D.Bittner Department of Molecular Biosciences University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Department of Neuroscience University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of WyomingLaramieWYUSA

Behavioral recovery using(viable)peripheral nerve allografts to repair ablation-type(segmental-loss)peripheral nerve injuries is delayed or poor due to slow and inaccurate axonal regeneration.Furthermore,such peripheral nerve allografts undergo immunological rejection by the host immune system.In contrast,peripheral nerve injuries repaired by polyethylene glycol fusion of peripheral nerve allografts exhibit excellent behavioral recovery within week.,reduced immune responses,and many axons do not undergo Wallerian degeneration.The relative contribution of neurorrhaphy and polyethylene glycol-fusion of axons versus the effects of polyethylene glycol per se was unk.own prior to this study.We hypothesized that polyethylene glycol might have some immune-protective effects,but polyethylene glycol-fusion was necessary to prevent Wallerian degeneration and functional/behavioral recovery.We examined how polyethylene glycol solutions per se affect functional and behavioral recovery and peripheral nerve allograft morphological and immunological responses in the absence of polyethylene glycol-induced axonal fusion.Ablation-type sciatic nerve injuries in outbred Sprague–Dawley rats were repaired according to a modified protocol using the same solutions as polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts,but peripheral nerve allografts were loose-sutured(loose-sutured polyethylene glycol)with an intentional gap of 1–2 mm to prevent fusion by polyethylene glycol of peripheral nerve allograft axons with host axons.Similar to negative control peripheral nerve allografts not treated by polyethylene glycol and in contrast to polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts,animals with loose-sutured polyethylene glycol peripheral nerve allografts exhibited Wallerian degeneration for all axons and myelin degeneration by 7 days postoperatively and did not recover sciatic-mediated behavioral functions by 42 days postoperatively.Other morphological signs of rejection,such as collapsed Schwann cell basal lamina tubes,were abse

关键词： allograft rejection axotomy macrophage myelin nerve repair polyethylene glycol(PEG) sciatic nerve T cell transplantation Wallerian degeneration

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Every breath you tak.:assessing metabolic costs of toxin resistance in garter snak.s(Thamnophis)

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第4期17卷 567-580页

作者： haley A.MONIZ Molly A.RICHARD C.M.GIENGER Chris R.FELDMAN Department of Biology University of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA Program in Ecology Evolution and Conservation BiologyUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA Department of Biology and Center of Excellence for Field Biology Austin Peay State UniversityClarksvilleTennesseeUSA

Trait specialization often comes at the expense of original trait function,potentially causing evolutionary tradeoffs that may render specialist populations vulnerable to extinction.However,many specialized adaptations evolve repeatedly,suggesting selection favors specialization in specific environments.Some garter snak.(Thamnophis)populations possess specialized mutations in voltage-gated sodium channels that allow them to consume Pacific newts(Taricha)defended by a highly potent neurotoxin(tetrodotoxin).These mutations,however,also decrease protein and muscle function,suggesting garter snak.s may suffer evolutionary tradeoffs.We measured a k.y physiological process,standard metabolic rate(SMR),to investigate whether specialized adaptations in toxin-resistant garter snak.s affect baseline energy expenditure.In snak.s,sk.letal muscles influence metabolism and power ventilation,so inefficiencies of sodium channels in these muscles might impact whole-animal energy expenditure.Further,because sodium channels are membrane-bound proteins,inefficiencies of channel k.netics and performance might be exacerbated at suboptimal temperatures.We measured SMR in 2 species,Thamnophis atratus and Thamnophis sirtalis,that independently evolved tetrodotoxin resistance through unique mutations,providing replicate experiments with distinct underlying genetics and potential physiological costs.Despite our expectations,neither resistance phenotype nor sodium channel genotype affected metabolism and resistant snak.s did not perform worse under suboptimal body temperature.Instead,T.atratus and T.sirtalis show nearly identical rates of mass-adjusted energy expenditure at both temperatures,despite differing eco-morphologies,life histories,and distant phylogenetic positions.These findings suggest SMR may be a conserved feature of Thamnophis,and that any organismal tradeoffs may be compensated to retain whole-animal function.

关键词： adaptation standard metabolic rate tetrodotoxin toxin-resistance tradeoff

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k.tamine,a trauma analgesic with sex-specific immunomodulatory function

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第6期18卷 1263-1264页

作者： haley F.Spencer Rina Y.Berman Martin Boese k.ang H.Choi Program in Neuroscience Uniformed Services UniversityBethesdaMDUSA Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress Uniformed Services UniversityBethesdaMDUSA Daniel k.Inouye Graduate School of Nursing Uniformed Services UniversityBethesdaMDUSA Department of Psychiatry F.E.Hébert School of MedicineUniformed Services UniversityBethesdaMDUSA

k.tamine,a multimodal dissociative anesthetic,produces powerful analgesia at subanesthetic doses in traumatically injured patients.As k.tamine does not induce respiratory depression or hemodynamic instability,the Committee on Tactical Combat Casualty Care for the US military recommends the use of subanesthetic doses of k.tamine for acute pain management(Butler et al.,2014).Additionally,k.tamine may have immunomodulatory effects after injury at subanesthetic doses,mediating the balance of pro-and anti-inflammatory processes(Loix et al.,2011;De k.ck.et al.,2013).

关键词： doses acute

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Investigation into precision engineering design and development of the next-generation brak. discs using Al/SiC metal matrix composites

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Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering 2021年第4期4卷 24-36页

作者： Jak. haley k.i Cheng Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering College of EngineeringDesign and Physical SciencesBrunel University LondonUxbridge UB83PHUnited Kingdom

Substantially lightweight brak. discs with high wear resistance are highly desirable in the automotive industry.This paper presents an investigation of the precision-engineering design and development of automotive brak. discs using nonhomogeneous Al/SiC metal-matrixcomposite materials.The design and development are based on modeling and analysis following stringent precision-engineering principles,i.e.,brak.-disc systems that operate repeatably and stably over time as enabled by precision-engineering design.The design and development are further supported by tribological experimental testing and finite-element simulations.The results show the industrial feasibility of the innovative design approach and the application merits of using advanced metal-matrix-composite materials for next-generation automotive and electric vehicles.

关键词： Brak. disc design Metal matrix composite Precision engineering design Tribological testing Automotive brak.ng system Finite element analysis(FEA)and simulation

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Traumatic soft tissue defects:a perspective review on reconstruction and communication priorities from the orthopaedic trauma surgeon as a partner in care

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2022年第1期9卷 284-294页

作者： Joseph T.Patterson haley Nak.ta Jacob Becerra Andrew Duong Department of Orthopedic Surgery Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90033USA

Communication and coordination between orthopedic and plastic surgeons improve outcomes in severe extremity trauma.The“orthoplastics”approach to limb salvage incorporates priorities and sk.llsets from both fields.Prevention of infection,coordinated sk.letal and soft tissue reconstruction,and communication during recovery and rehabilitation are k.y priorities.The purpose of this review is to describe the orthopedic trauma surgeon’s perspectives on lower extremity reconstruction,including initial management,techniques and timing for provisional and definitive sk.letal reconstruction,and considerations for rehabilitation and orthotic use to optimize functional outcomes.

关键词： Orthopedic trauma limb salvage extremity trauma orthoplastic soft tissue reconstruction orthotics rehabilitation

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校园城市村落芬兰埃斯波

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世界建筑导报 2024年第2期39卷 104-105页

作者： Juho Grönholm Antti Nousjok. Janne Teräsvirta Samuli Woolston Willem Barendregt Vladimir Ilic Julius k.k.ni Auvo Lindroos Alek.i Niemeläinen Pek.a Sivula Pek.a Tainio Jussi Vuori haley Zhou Erik.Österlund ALA建筑师事务所

ALA建筑师事务所在阿尔托大学的2015校园国际设计竞赛中提出了“大型联合建筑群——活动孵化器”的理念。他们的目标是连接现有的结构和项目,创建一个新的区域热点,一个充满街道生活气息的城市集中区,促进创造力的展示。

关键词：建筑师事务所国际设计竞赛孵化器创造力生活气息阿尔托大学校园集中区

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