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Robust molecular detection of the new Tomato brown rugose fruit virus in infected tomato and pepper plants from Turkey

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第8期20卷 2170-2179页

作者： hakan fidan Pelin SARIKAYA Kubra YILDIZ Bengi TOPKAYA Gozde ERKIS Ozer CALIS Plant Protection Department Faculty of AgricultureAkdeniz UniversityThe CampusKonyaalti 07070AntalyaTurkey Plant Health Department Bati Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute(BATEM)Muratpasa 07050AntalyaTurkey Antalya Directorate of Agricultural Quarantine Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and ForestryMuratpasa 07050AntalyaTurkey

Tomato brown rugose fruit virus(ToBRFV)causes severe fruit loss in tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)and pepper(Capsicum annuum)plants.It is an emerging Tobamovirus that is spreading globally.The major challenge is to develop a reliable method for the detection of the virus,and to better characterize the symptoms it causes.The aims of this study,therefore,were to characterize the symptom development on tomato and pepper plants,and to establish a reliable detection method for the virus.Following infection of the tomato and pepper plants with ToBRFV,the leaves turned chlorotic,mosaic or mottled,while the fruit became rugose,necrotic and marbled,and showed discoloration with yellow or brown spots.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)revealed single rod-like virus particles characteristic of the Tobamoviruses.Classical reverse transcription PCR(RT-PCR)and quantitative PCR(qPCR)with specific primers and probes confirmed that the virus is ToBRFV.We found that the resistance genes from tomato,Tm-2^(2),and pepper,L1,L2,L3 and L4,did not confer resistance to ToBRFV.Here,we present a PCR-based method as a diagnostic test for detecting ToBRFV in infected seeds.This method will help to prevent further spread of the virus in commercial seeds.

关键词： tomato pepper Tobamovirus ToBRFV resistance

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Solid-particle erosion behavior of cast alloys used in the mining industry

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2015年第12期22卷 1283-1292页

作者： ?.hakan Atapek Sinan fidan Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Kocaeli University School of Civil Aviation Kocaeli University

The erosive-wear response of five commercial ferrous-based cast alloys used for crushing was examined in this study. The micro- structures of the alloys were modified to elucidate the effect of microstructural features on wear. Erosion tests were conducted using alumi- num oxide particles （90-125μm） at 70 m/s and a normal impact angle （90°）. The worn surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and 3D non-contact laser profilometry. It is found that （i） a pearlitic structure exhibiting a greater plastic deformation than both bainitic and martensitic structures shows the greatest resistance to erosive wear at normal impact and （ii） the fracture characteristics of carbide and graphite particles plays an important role in determining the erosion wear behavior of the cast alloy matrices.

关键词： mining tools microstructure solid particle impact erosion characterization

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