检索结果-南通市图书馆

Impacts of snow cover and frozen soil in the Tibetan Plateau on summer precipitation in China

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2011年第6期3卷 491-497页

作者： Rong Gao hailing zhong WenJie Dong ZhiGang Wei Laboratory of Climate Studies National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Ecology Resource Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Cold and Arid Regions Environmental & Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China

This paper presents an analysis of the mechanisms and impacts of snow cover and frozen soil in the Tibetan Plateau on the sum- mer precipitation in China, using RegCM3 version 3.1 model simulations. Comparisons of simulations vs. observations show that RegCM3 well captures these impacts. Results indicate that in a more-snow year with deep frozen soil there will be more precipita- tion in the Yangtze River Basin and central Northwest China, western Inner Mongolia, and Xinjiang, but less precipitation in Northeast China, North China, South China, and most of Southwest China. In a less-snow year with deep frozen soil, however, there will be more precipitation in Northeast China, North China, and southern South China, but less precipitation in the Yangtze River Basin and in northern South China. Such differences may be attributed to different combination patterns of melting snow and thawing frozen soil on the Plateau, which may change soil moisture as well as cause differences in energy absorption in the phase change processes of snow cover and frozen soil. These factors may produce more surface sensible heat in more-snow years when the fi＇ozen soil is deep than when the frozen soil is shallow. The higher surface sensible heat may lead to a stronger updraft over the Plateau, eventually contributing to a stronger South Asia High and West Pacific Subtropical High. Due to different values of the wind fields at 850 hPa, a convergence zone will form over the Yangtze River Basin, which may produce more summer pre- cipitation in the basin area but less precipitation in North China and South China. However, because soil moisture depends on ice content, in less-snow years with deep frozen soil, the soil moisture will be higher. The combination of higher frozen soil moisture with latent heat absorption in the phase change process may generate less surface sensible heat and consequently a weaker updraft motion over the Plateau. As a result, both the South Asia High and the West Pa

关键词： Tibetan Plateau snow cover fi'ozen soil summer precipitation

Characteristics of abrupt changes of snow cover and seasonal freeze-thaw layer in the Tibetan Plateau and their impacts on summer precipitation in China

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2011年第1期3卷 24-30页

作者： Rong Gao hailing zhong WenJie Dong ZhiGang Wei Laboratory of Climate Studies National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Ecology Resource Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Cold and Arid Regions Environmental ＆ Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou Gansu730000 China

In this paper, a variation series of snow cover and seasonal freeze-thaw layer from 1965 to 2004 on the Tibetan Plateau has been established by using the observation data from meteorological stations. The sliding T-test, M-K test and B-G algorithm are used to verify abrupt changes of snow cover and seasonal freeze-thaw layer in the Tibetan plateau. The results show that the snow cover has not undergone an abrupt change, but the seasonal freeze-thaw layer obviously witnessed a rapid degradation in 1987, with the frozen soil depth being reduced by about 15 cm. It is also found that when there ~s less snow in the plateau region, precipitation in South China and Southwest China increases. But when the frozen soil is deep, precipitation in most of China apparently decreases. Both snow cover and seasonal freeze-thaw layer on the plateau can be used to predict the summer precipitation in China. However, if the impacts of snow cover and seasonal freeze-thaw layer are used at the same time, the predictability of summer precipitation can be significantly improved. The significant correlation zone of snow is located in middle reaches of the Yangtze River covering the Hexi Corridor and northeastern Inner Mongolia, and the seasonal freeze-thaw layer exists in Mt. Nanling, northern Shannxi and northwestern part of North China. The significant correlation zone of simultaneous impacts of snow cover and seasonal freeze-thaw layer is larger than that of either snow cover or seasonal freeze-thaw layer. There are three significant correlation zones extending from north to south： the north zone spreads from Mr. Daxinganling to the Hexi Corridor, crossing northern Mt. Taihang and northern Shannxi; the central zone covers middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River; and the south zone extends from Mt. Wuyi to Yunnan and Guizhou Plateau through Mt. Nanling.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau snow cover seasonal freeze-thaw layer precipitation

Reconcile the contradictory wettability requirements for the reduction and oxidation half-reactions in overall CO_(2) photoreduction via alternately hydrophobic surfaces

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第6期93卷 202-212,I0006页

作者： hailing Huo Ting Hu Chengxi Huang Fang Wu Tongyu Wang Xuan Liu Liang Zhang Qiang Ju Zhiqing zhong Hongbin Xing Erjun Kan Ang Li MIIT Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Microstructure and Quantum Sensing Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094JiangsuChina College of Information Science and Technology Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037JiangsuChina

The overall photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction(OPCRR)that can directly convert CO_(2) and H_(2)O into fuels represents a promising renewable energy conversion *** a typical redox reaction,the OPCRR involves two half-reactions:the CO_(2) reduction half-reaction(CRHR)and the water oxidation half-reaction(WOHR).Generally,both half-reactions can be promoted by adjusting the wettability of ***,there is a contradiction in wettability requirements for the two ***,CRHR prefers a hydrophobic surface that can accumulate more CO_(2) molecules on the active sites,ensuring the appropriate ratio of gas-phase(CO_(2))to liquid-phase(H_(2)O)***,the WOHR prefers a hydrophilic surface that can promote the departure of the gaseous product(O_(2))from the catalyst surface,preventing isolation between active sites and the reactant(H_(2)O).Here,we successfully reconciled the contradictory wettability requirements for the CRHR and WOHR by creating an alternately hydrophobic *** was achieved through a selectively hydrophobic modification method and a charge-transfer-control ***,the collaboratively promoted CRHR and WOHR led to a significantly enhanced OPCRR with a solar-to-fuel conversion efficiency of 0.186%.Notably,in ethanol production,the catalyst exhibited a 10.64-fold increase in generation rate(271.44μmol g^(-1)h~(-1))and a 4-fold increase in selectivity(55.77%)compared to the benchmark *** innovative approach holds great potential for application in universal overall reactions involving gas participation.

关键词： Hydrophobic Hydrophilic Gas transport Overall CO_(2)photoreduction Z-scheme

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

北方旱区干旱持续南方出现高温天气

气象 2009年第12期35卷 150-151页

作者：钟海玲国家气候中心北京100081

2009年9月我同主要气候特点:气温偏高,降水偏少.全同平均气温为17.1℃,较常年同期偏高1.1℃.福建、广东、云南、青海、四川的平均气温均为1951年以来同期最高值;重庆、贵州的平均气温均为1951年以来同期次高值.

关键词：北方旱区高温天气平均降水量平均气温干旱南方月降水量气候特点

2023年中国气候异常特征及主要天气气候事件

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

气象 2024年第2期50卷 246-256页

作者：竺夏英孙林海钟海玲支蓉艾婉秀姜允迪李威陈鲜艳邹旭恺王凌赵珊珊曾红玲王有民冯爱青朱晓金代潭龙郭艳君张颖娴李想龚振淞国家气候中心北京100081

2023年,我国气候主要表现为暖干的特征,全国平均气温10.71℃,较1991—2020年气候平均偏高0.82℃,为1951年以来最暖;全国平均降水量615.0 mm,较常年偏少3.9%,为2012年以来第二少。四季气温均较常年同期偏高,其中夏、秋季分别为历史同期... 详细信息

2023年,我国气候主要表现为暖干的特征,全国平均气温10.71℃,较1991—2020年气候平均偏高0.82℃,为1951年以来最暖;全国平均降水量615.0 mm,较常年偏少3.9%,为2012年以来第二少。四季气温均较常年同期偏高,其中夏、秋季分别为历史同期次高和最高;除秋季降水偏多外,其余三季降水均偏少。汛期(5—9月),全国平均降水量较常年同期偏少4.3%,为2012年以来第二少,我国中东部降水总体呈“中间多南北少”的分布。2023年,我国区域性气象干旱多发,西南地区遭遇冬春连旱;春季北方沙尘天气过程偏多;夏季前期,华北和黄淮遭受1961年以来最强高温过程;7月底至8月初,受台风杜苏芮影响,京津冀地区发生历史罕见极端强降水过程,华北地区出现“旱涝急转”;华西秋雨开始早、结束晚、雨量多;1月中旬发生年内最强寒潮过程;秋末冬初冷空气频繁入侵,12月华北和黄淮等地降雪日数偏多、积雪偏深。

关键词：气候异常特征极端天气气候事件气象灾害

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

青藏高原陆表特征与中国夏季降水的关系研究

冰川冻土 2017年第4期39卷 741-747页

作者：高荣韦志刚钟海玲国家气候中心中国气象局气候研究开放实验室北京100081 北京师范大学地理科学学部地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室北京100875

利用青藏高原72个站逐日积雪、冻土观测资料,AVHRR归一化植被指数(NDVI)和全国550个站逐日降水资料,分析了青藏高原陆表特征与中国夏季降水的关系。结果表明,我国夏季降水在华北和东北南部,长江中下游和华南地区降水空间一致性较好,相... 详细信息

利用青藏高原72个站逐日积雪、冻土观测资料,AVHRR归一化植被指数(NDVI)和全国550个站逐日降水资料,分析了青藏高原陆表特征与中国夏季降水的关系。结果表明,我国夏季降水在华北和东北南部,长江中下游和华南地区降水空间一致性较好,相邻站点间降水变化趋势近似。华南、长江中下游和淮河降水呈增加趋势,其中长江中下游每10年增加37 mm,但华北降水呈减少趋势。华南、长江中下游和华北对高原积雪、冻土和植被的变化均较为敏感,而淮河仅对高原植被变化较为敏感。利用高原积雪、冻土和植被建立了代表高原地表特征的变化序列,其对长江中下游、淮河、华北夏季降水均有较好指示意义,与夏季降水的相关系数由南到北表现为"负-正-负"的分布特征。最后,提出一种高原陆表状况影响中国夏季降水的概念模型:高原冬春积雪偏多(少)、冬季冻土偏厚(薄)、春季植被偏多(少)会使得夏季高原地区土壤湿度偏大(小),高原地表感热偏弱(强),从而使得南亚高压和西太副高偏弱(强),南海季风偏弱(强),长江流域降水偏多(少),华南和华北地区降水偏少(多)。

关键词：青藏高原积雪冻土植被夏季降水

江南、华南干旱发展“芭玛”登陆海南——2009年10月

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

气象 2010年第1期36卷 124-128页

作者：钟海玲徐良炎国家气候中心北京100081

2009年10月我国主要气候特点：气温明显偏高,降水明显偏少。10月,全国平均气温为11.1℃,较常年同期（9.6℃）偏高1.5℃,为1951年以来第三高。云南的平均气温为1951年以来历史同期最高,北京、上海、江苏、江西、河南、湖南、湖北、陕西... 详细信息

2009年10月我国主要气候特点：气温明显偏高,降水明显偏少。10月,全国平均气温为11.1℃,较常年同期（9.6℃）偏高1.5℃,为1951年以来第三高。云南的平均气温为1951年以来历史同期最高,北京、上海、江苏、江西、河南、湖南、湖北、陕西为次高。全国平均月降水量为23.8 mm,较常年同期（37.0 mm）偏少13.2 mm,为1951年以来第四少。云南月降水量为1951年以来历史同期最小值,江苏为次小值。

关键词：平均气温江南海南干旱华南月降水量气候特点最小值

2016年汛期中国降水极端特征及与1998年对比

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

气象 2018年第5期44卷 699-703页

作者：高荣宋连春钟海玲国家气候中心北京100081

本文利用国家气象信息中心提供的1961—2016年全国2341个气象观测站日和小时降水量资料,分析了2016年中国汛期降水的极端特征,并与1998年进行比较。主要结论如下:2016年汛期全国平均降水量为1961年以来历史同期最多,共有140站汛期降水... 详细信息

本文利用国家气象信息中心提供的1961—2016年全国2341个气象观测站日和小时降水量资料,分析了2016年中国汛期降水的极端特征,并与1998年进行比较。主要结论如下:2016年汛期全国平均降水量为1961年以来历史同期最多,共有140站汛期降水量突破1961年以来历史同期极大值,有112站出现历史次极大值,比1998年分别偏多54和47站。1998年降水极值主要出现在东北和长江中上游地区,2016年主要出现在华东地区,而且范围更加集中。共出现6972站次暴雨,其中大暴雨1251站次,为1961年以来最多。44次大范围暴雨过程持续时间达90d,总体呈现"中间强、前后弱"的特征。有417站出现日降水量极端事件,其中88站突破历史纪录,创1961年以来新高;最大小时降水量共有113站突破历史极值,比1998年偏多29站。从空间分布来看,日降水量极端事件2016年主要位于华东和华北地区,1998年集中在中部地区;破纪录小时降水2016年主要在西部地区,而1998年东部地区更为突出。

关键词：极端降水汛期中国

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

风冷式冷水机组的节能性探究

现代工业经济和信息化 2017年第10期7卷 37-38页

作者：钟海玲珠海格力电器股份有限公司广东珠海519000

空调耗电在建筑耗电中占有较大比重,其中主要的电能消耗是冷热源消耗。就此结合具体的工程案例,对风冷式节能机组的节能型改造进行探究。

关键词：风冷式冷水机组节能性