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Source Rock and Cap Rock Controls on the Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation–Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation Shale Gas Accumulation in the Sichuan Basin and its Peripheral Areas

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第3期90卷 1059-1060页

作者： nie haikuan JIN Zhijun Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute SINOPECBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development SINOPECBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Shale Oil/Gas Exploration and Production SINOPECBeijing 100083China

Objective The Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation is one of the priority interval for shale gas exploration in the Sichuan Basin and its peripheral areas, and commercial shale gas has been discovered from this interval in Jiaoshiba, Changning and Weiyuan shale gas fields in Sichuan Province. However, there is no significant discovery in other parts of the basin due to the different quality of black shale and the differences of tectonic evolution. Based on the progress of shale gas geological theory and exploration discoveries, as well as the theory of ＂source rock and cap rock controls on hydrocarbon accumulation＂, of the Upper Ordovician the main controlling factors Wufeng Formation-Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation shale gas enrichment in the Sichuan Basin and its peripheral areas were analyzed, and the source rock and cap rock controls on the shale gas were also discussed. The results can provide new insights for the next shale gas exploration in this area.

关键词： rock Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation Shale Gas Accumulation in the Sichuan Basin and its Peripheral Areas Source Rock and Cap Rock Controls on the Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation

Dispositional characteristics of Ordovician Wufeng Formation and Silurian Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin and its adjacent areas

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Petroleum Research 2017年第3期2卷 233-246页

作者： haikuan nie Zhijun Jin Xin Ma Zhongbao Liu Tuo Lin Zhenheng Yang State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development Beijing 100083China Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute Beijing 100083China Sinopec Key Laboratory of Shale Oil/Gas Exploration&Production Beijing 100083China School of Energy Resource China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Oil&Gas Survey Center China Geological SurveyBeijing 100029China

According to data of gas wells and typical sections of Wufeng Formation and Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin,shale of various graptolite zones were analyzed to determine depositional environment,lithology and thickness characteristics of the graptolite shale interval of WF2-WF3 in the lower part of Wufeng Formation,the graptolite shale interval of WF4 in Guanyinqiao Member of Wufeng Formation and the graptolite shale interval of LM1-LM4 in the bottom of Longmaxi Formation,and characteristics of shale horizontal distribution were also *** the depositional period of the graptolite shale interval of WF2-WF3,the study area was less affected by the Guangxi movement,the depositional environment was the deep water of open sea,where black shale was mainly deposited;the sedimentation center was developed in northeast Guizhou-northeast Sichuan and south Sichuan,the maximum thickness was from 4 to 6 m in the sedimentation *** the depositional period of the graptolite shale interval of WF4,the depositional environment in the study area changed greatly due to global sea level fall and enhanced Guangxi movement;the central Sichuan paleouplift,the central Guizhou paleouplift and the Jiangnan-Xuefeng palaeouplift were further expanded,and the area of the sedimentary basin decreased;the depositional environment was mainly carbonate bioclastic shoal of shallow sea,and partially deep sea which only was distributed in the Shizhu-Fuling-Wuxi area in east and northeast Sichuan and the Gongxian-Yongchuan area in south Sichuan;sediments of shallow water were dominated by limestone and argillaceous limestone with abundant Hirnantia,sediments of deep water were dominated by calcareous mudstone and shale with *** the depositional period of the graptolite shale interval of LM1-LM4,due to rise of global sea level and Guangxi movement,the sedimentary area was larger than that in the depositional period of Guanyinqiao Member,and the sedimentary environmen

关键词： Shale Graptolite zone Depositional environment Palaeouplift Wufeng Formation and Longmaxi Formation Sichuan Basin

Pore characteristics and formation mechanism of high-maturity organic-rich shale in Lower Cambrian Jiumenchong Formation,southern Guizhou

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Petroleum Research 2018年第1期3卷 57-65页

作者： Zhongbao Liu Bo Gao Zongquan Hu Wei Du haikuan nie Tao Jiang State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development Beijing 100083China Sinopec Key Laboratory of Shale Oil/Gas Exploration and Production Beijing 100083China Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute Beijing 100083China School of Earth and Space Science Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

In order to investigate pore characteristics and formation mechanism in the high-maturity organic-rich shale of Lower Cambrian Jiumenchong Formation in southern Guizhou,the pore structure,pore type and storage properties are well studied through the rock thin section,total rock X-ray diffraction,lowtemperature nitrogen adsorption,high pressure mercury injection-adsorption test,helium porosity test,argon ion polishing-scanning electron microscope,thermal evolution and pore evolution history reconstruction,and based on the diagenesis and compaction as well as thermal evolution process,a microscopic pore formation and evolution model of high-maturity organic-rich shale are *** result shows that the high-maturity organic-rich shale of Jiumenchong Formation has the average total specific surface area of 12.66m^(2)/g and the total pore volume of 11.54×10^(-3)cm^(3)/g,and the total specific surface area have a positive correlation with total pore volume;the total specific surface area and the total pore volume are slightly lower compared with the Lower Silurian *** pores are dominated by micropores and mesopores,while macropores are very *** pores of the organic-rich shale mainly are organic pores with small diameter usually less than 30 nm,and the pore boundary form is irregular,the inorganic mineral pores are not *** with the Silurian shale,the shale has poorer reservoir property,the average porosity is only 2.80%;the horizontal permeability is 1e3 times of the vertical permeability,indicating the horizontal lamellations are not *** formation and evolution of pores in high-maturity organic-rich shale is jointly influenced by the evolutionary process of intergranular pores of inorganic mineral under the control of the diagenesis and compaction,the organic pore formation process in the hydrocarbon generation-oil formation-oil and gas transformation sequence under the control of thermal evolution,and the natural gas loss-suppl

关键词： Organic-rich shale Organic pore Inorganic pore Microfracture Lower Cambrian Southern Guizhou

Carbon isotope evidence for shale gas preservation conditions and large methane release over million years:A case study of shale gas reservoirs of Wufeng and Longmaxi Formations in the Sichuan Basin

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第6期14卷 133-141页

作者： haikuan nie Chuanxiang Sun Pei Li Zhijun Jin Quanyou Liu Hanyong Bao Baojian Shen Wei Dang State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development Beijing 102206China Sinopec Key Laboratory of Shale Oil/Gas Exploration&Production Beijing 102206China Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute Beijing 102206China Institute of Energy Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Research Institute of Exploration and Development Jianghan Oilfield CompanySINOPECWuhan 430223China School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Xi’an Shiyou UniversityXi’an 710065China

Although carbon isotope reversal and its reasons in shale gas reservoirs have been widely recognized,the application of the reversal is yet to be investigated.A study on high-maturity shale from Wufeng and Longmaxi Formations in the Sichuan Basin not only reveals the relationship between the degree of isotopes inversion and the production capacity(e.g.,estimated ultimate recovery(EUR))of the gas well but also indicates the preservation conditions of shale gas reservoirs.(1)Although there are differences in gas isotopes in different shale gas reservoirs,the isotope fractionation of shale gas is small during the production stage of gas wells,even when the wellbore pressure drops to *** main cause of the difference in carbon isotopes and their inversion degree can be the uplift time during the Yanshan period and the formation pressure relief degree of shale gas reservoirs in distinct structural ***,carbon isotope inversion is a good indicator of shale gas preservation condition and EUR of shale gas wells.(2)The degree of carbon isotope inversion correlates strongly with shale gas content and *** calculation formula of shale-gas recoverable reserves was established using△δ^(13)C(δC_(1)-δC_(2))and EUR.(3)The gas loss rate and total loss amount can be estimated using the dynamic reserves and isotopic difference values of gas wells in various shale gas fields,which also reflects the current methane loss,thereby demonstrating great potential for evaluating global methane loss in shales.

关键词： Shale gas Carbon isotope reversal Preservation conditions of shale gas reservoir Methane loss Estimated ultimate recovery

Enrichment mechanism and resource potential of shale-type helium:A case study of Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第6期66卷 1279-1288页

作者： haikuan nie Quanyou LIU Wei DANG Pei LI Haikun SU Hanyong BAO Liang XIONG Zhujiang LIU Chuanxiang SUN Peixian ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Efficient Development Beijing 102206China Sinopec Key Laboratory of Shale Oil/Gas Exploration and Production Technology Beijing 102206China Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute SINOPECBeijing 102206China Institute of Energy Research Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Xi’an Shiyou UniversityXi’an 710065China School of Energy Resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Research Institute of Exploration and Development Jianghan Oilfield CompanySINOPECWuhan 430223China Research Institute of Exploration and Development Southwest Oil&Gas CompanySINOPECChengdu 610041China Sinopec Exploration Company Chengdu 610041China Research Institute of Exploration and Development East China Petroleum&Gas BranchSINOPECNanjing 210019China

China’s helium resource is highly dependent on overseas ***-rich and U/Th-rich shale reservoirs generally contain helium,and although the helium content is low,the total reserve is ***,the effective development and utilisation of shale-type helium resources is a realistic way to improve the security of helium resources in *** this study,the generation mechanism,helium source and content,migration modes and pathways,controlling factors of enrichment,distribution pattern,and resource potential of the helium were analysed,using the Wufeng-Longmaxi shale in the Sichuan Basin and its ***,countermeasures were proposed for shale-type helium exploration and *** results show that the Wufeng-Longmaxi shale has a high content of U and Th and a good ability to generate *** helium is generated by a typical crustal source of helium and is characterised by self-generation,self-storage,and wide *** helium resource potential is a product of its content and the resources of the associated natural *** continuous supply of helium and effective preservation are the main geological factors that control the enrichment of shale-type *** preliminary evaluation results show that the reserves of helium in proven shale gas reserves are 10.8×10^(8)m^(3)in the Sichuan Basin and its periphery,where the extra-large helium fields are likely to be ***,0.0912×10^(8)m^(3)of helium was produced,along with the annual production of shale *** avoid the waste of helium and to improve the self-supply ability,it is suggested that research on the resource potential,enrichment mechanism,and distribution pattern of shale-type helium should be carried out as soon as possible,and helium extraction techniques for helium-bearing natural gas should be studied.

关键词： Shale Helium content Enrichment mechanism Resource potential Sichuan Basin

Stage-progressive distribution pattern of the Lungmachi black graptolitic shales from Guizhou to Chongqing, Central China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第6期60卷 1133-1146页

作者： CHEN Xu FAN JunXuan WANG WenHui WANG HongYan nie haikuan SHI XueWen WEN ZhiDong CHEN DongYang LI WenJie Key Laboratory of Economic Stratigraphy and Palaeogeography Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Nanjing 210008 China State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China Langfang Branch Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development PetroChina Langfang 065007 China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China Research Institute of Exploration and Development Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company PetroChina Chengdu 610051 China Southern Company of SINOPEC Exploration Chengdu 610041 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The Lungmachi Formation is widely distributed in Guizhou, Chongqing and the adjacent area. It is important for the study of Silurian biostratigraphy and shale-gas investigation. Based on those biostratigraphically well-studied sections from Guiyang to Huayingshan, we reveal the stage-progressive distribution pattern of the Lungmachi black shales. The distribution of the Lungmachi black shales in the studying area can be subdivided into four geographic belts from the south to the north,reflecting the joint effect of regional and global environmental changes. The graptolite depth zonation model was adopted herein to infer the water depth of major graptolite assemblages from the black shales. The changes in the water depth indicate two major stages. The first stage is named the transgressive distribution stage which ranged from the Persculptograptus persculptus Biozone(LM1, upper Hirnantian) to the Coronograptus cyphus Biozone(LM5, upper Rhuddanian), an interval mostly controlled by global sea-level rise. The second stage, ranging from the Demirastrites triangulatus Biozone(LM6, lower Aeronian) to the Spirograptus guerichi Biozone(LM9, lower Telychian), is named the regressive shrinking stage, during which the black shales were gradually replaced by mixed-facies or carbonate sediments from the south to the north, representing the effects of the persistent uplifting of the Central Guizhou Oldland.

关键词： Lungmachi Formation Black shales Graptolite biozone Graptolite depth zonation Transgressive distribution stage Regressive shrinking stage

An overview of the geology and production of the Fuling shale gas field,Sichuan Basin,China

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Energy Geoscience 2020年第3期1卷 147-164页

作者： haikuan nie Donghui Li Guangxiang Liu Zhiyuan Lu Hu Wang Ruyue Wang Guangrong Zhang State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development Beijing100083China Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute Beijing100083China Sinopec Key Laboratory of Shale Oil/Gas Exploration&Production Beijing100083China China University of Geosciences(Beijing) Beijing100083China

The Fuling shale gas field in China is the largest shale gas field as well as the largest of its type discovered in any Lower Paleozoic *** this study,the geology and production of the upper and lower gas layers in the Fuling shale gas field are evaluated in terms of structure,shale quality,fault,initial production,and estimated ultimate recovery(EUR).The shale in the lower gas layer of the Jiaoshiba anticline is a high-quality reservoir,where the space is dominated by organic pores in kerogen,and the gas content is *** shale gas wells reveal relatively high initial production and ***,the shale in the upper gas layer of the Jiaoshiba anticline has reservoir space mainly composed of clay mineral pores and organic pores within bitumen,and the gas content is *** terms of structure,primary gas migration may occur in the upper gas layer,resulting in free gas accumulation in the structural high,where the development effects are generally better than those in the structural *** lower gas layer in the Pingqiao anticline,is the main interval for shale gas accumulation and development due to the high-quality *** the influence of faults,the efficiency of exploration wells emplaced on top of the anticline is much lower a compared with those in the *** residual synclines close to the Sichuan Basin,including the Baima and Baitao anticlines,are characterized by more recent uplifts,larger area,greater distance from the deep and large faults,and early fracture ***,we recommend that the shale gas exploration and development should be carried out preferentially in areas close to the center of the residual synclines,featuring relatively high-pressure coefficient and moderate burial depth.

关键词： Geologic characteristics Production features Longmaxi formation Fuling shale gas field Sichuan basin

Depositional environment of shale in Wufeng and Longmaxi Formations, Sichuan Basin

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Petroleum Research 2017年第3期2卷 209-221页

作者： Jianhua Zhao Zhijun Jin Zhenkui Jin Xin Wen Yikai Geng Caina Yan haikuan nie College of Geosciences China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute SINOPECBeijing 10083China School of Energy Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 10083China

Formation of organic-rich shale was controlled by depositional processes and environment *** to petrology,mineralogy,fossil composition and sedimentary structure,seven lithofacies of shale were identified in the Wufeng Formation to Longmaxi Formation,e.g.,siliceous shale,silty shale,argillaceous shale,calcareous shale,shell-bearing argillaceous limestone/calcareous mudstone,siltstonefine sandstone and *** shale in the Wufeng and Longmaxi Formations,the depositional mode was not only the suspension deposition under the low-energy hydrodynamic condition,but also the biogenic deposition,the storm deposition and the bottom current deposition indicated by large amount of siliceous biological fossils,biological detritus with size graded structure,silt laminations,lenticular bedding,ripple cross-bedding and other sedimentary *** element analysis suggested that the siliceous shale in theWufeng Formation and the lower part of Longmaxi Formation was developed in the oxygen-dysoxic/anoxic depositional environment,which was rich in organic matters;then due to influence of the sea level gradually decline and bottom current,the silty and argillaceous shales were formed,and the oxygen-dysoxic/anoxic depositional environment was destroyed,gradually leading to the worse preservation condition of organic matter.

关键词： Organic-rich shale Lithofacies Depositional environment Redox condition Wufeng and Longmaxi Formations Sichuan Basin

Geochemistry, Petrology and Mineralogy of Coal Measure Shales in the Middle Jurassic Yanan Formation from Northeastern Ordos Basin, China: Implications for Shale Gas Accumulation

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2018年第6期92卷 2333-2350页

作者： CHEN Qian YAN Xiangbin GUO Yuanling HONG Taiyuan nie haikuan ZHANG Jinchuan TANG Xuan LI Wanjun LIU Chong SINOPEC Petroleum Exploration and Production Institute Beijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Shale Gas Exploration and Evaluation Ministry of Land and ResourcesChina University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China School of Energy and Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China CNPC Economic & Technology Research Institute Beijing 100724China Henan Institute of Geological Survey Zhengzhou 450001China

The Jurassic Yanan Formation is one of the most important coal-producing formations and hydrocarbon source rocks in the Ordos Basin, North China. To evaluate the shale gas potential of the Yanan shale, a total of 48 samples from north Ordos Basin were sampled, and their geochemical, petrological, mineralogical and pore characteristics were investigated. It was found that the shale samples are a suite of early mature source rock. The total organic carbon(TOC) content ranges from 0.33% to 24.12% and the hydrogen index(HI) ranges from 43.31 mg/g to 330.58 mg/g. The relationship between Tmax and HI indicates the organic matter is type Ⅱ-Ⅲ. This conclusion is also supported by the organic petrological examination results, which shows that the kerogen is mainly liptinite and vitrinite. Minerals in the samples are composed mainly of quartz, clay and feldspar, and the clay minerals are composed of prevailing kaolinite, illite/smectite, chlorite and a small amount of illite. Under scanning electron microscope, OM pores in the Yanan shale are scarce except pores come from the kerogen intrinsic texture or clay aggregates within the organic particles. As the weak compaction caused by shallow burial depth, interparticle pores and intraparticle pores are common, the hydrocarbon storage capacity of the Yanan shale was improved. According to evaluation, the Yanan shale is considered as a good shale gas reservoir, but its hydrocarbon potential is more dependent on biogenic and coal-derived gas as the thermogenic gas is limited by the lower thermal maturity.

关键词： geochemistry mineralogy shale gas Yanan Formation Ordos Basin