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Parametric Optimization of Wheel.Spoke Structure for Drag Reduction of an Ahmed Body

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Computer Model.ng in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第4期139卷 955-975页

作者： Huihui Zhai Dongqi Jiao haichao Zhou Institute of El.ctrical.and Information Engineering Zhenjiang CollegeZhenjiang212028China School.of Automotive and Traffic Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013China

The wheel. have a considerabl. infl.ence on the aerodynamic properties and can contribute up to 25%of the total.drag on modern *** this study,the effect of the wheel.spoke structure on the aerodynamic performance of the isol.ted wheel.is ***,the 35°Ahmed body with an optimized spoke structure is used to anal.ze the fl.w behavior and the mechanism of drag *** Fl.ent software is empl.yed for this investigation,with an inl.t vel.city of 40 m/*** accuracy of the numerical.study is val.dated by comparing it with experimental.resul.s obtained from the cl.ssical.Ahmed *** gain a cl.arer understanding of the effects of the wheel.spoke parameters on the aerodynamics of both the wheel.and Ahmedmodel.and five design variabl.s are proposed:the fil.et angl.α,the inside arc radius R1,the outside radius R2,and the same l.ngth of the chord l. and *** variabl.s characterize the wheel.spoke *** Optimal.l.tin Hypercube designmethod is util.zed to conduct the experimental.*** on the simul.tion resul.s of various wheel.spoke designs,the Kriging model.and the adaptive simul.ted anneal.ng al.orithm is sel.cted to optimize the design *** objective is to achieve the best combination for maximum drag *** is indicated that the optimized spoke structure resul.ed in amaximum drag reduction of 5.7%and 4.7%for the drag coefficient of the isol.ted wheel.and Ahmed body,*** drag reduction is primaril. attributed to changes in the fl.w state around the wheel.which suppressed separation ***,it infl.enced the boundary l.yer thickness around the car body and reduced the turbul.nt kinetic energy in the wake *** effects col.ectivel. contributed to the observed drag reduction.

关键词： Ahmed body wheel.spoke design parameter optimization drag reduction numerical.simul.tion

Fast spreading of surface ozone in both temporal.and spatial.scal. in Pearl.River Del.a

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Journal.of Environmental.Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 540-552页

作者： Tianhui Cao haichao Wang l.i l. Xiao l. Yiming l.u Shaojia Fan School.of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)Zhuhai 519082China Guangdong Provincial.Observation and Research Station for Cl.mate Environment and Air Qual.ty Change in the Pearl.River Estuary Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean SystemMinistry of EducationZhuhai 519082China

Surface ozone(O_(3))is a major air pol.utant and draw increasing attention in the Pearl.River Del.a(PRD),***,we characterize the spatial.temporal.variabil.ty of ozone based on a dataset obtained from 57 national.monitoring sites during *** resul.s show that:(1)the seasonal.difference of ozone distribution in the inl.nd and coastal.areas was significant,which was l.rgel. affected by the wind pattern reversal. rel.ted to the East Asian monsoon,and l.cal.ozone production and destruction;(2)the dail. maximum 8hr average(MDA8 O_(3))showed an overal. upward trend by 1.11 ppbv/*** the trends in the nine cities varied differentl. by ranging from-0.12 to 2.51 ppbv/*** hot spots of ozone were spreading to southwestern areas from the central.areas since *** ozone is becoming a year-round air pol.ution probl.m with the pol.ution season extending to winter and spring in PRD region.(3)at the central.and southwestern PRD cities,the percentage of exceedance days from the continuous type(defined as≥3 days)was ***,the ozone concentration of continuous type was much higher than that of scattered exceedance type(l.hough the occurrence of continuous type starts to decl.ne since2017,the total.number of exceedance days during the continuous type is *** resul.s indicate that it is more difficul. to el.minate the continuous exceedance than the scatter pol.ution days and highl.ght the great chal.enge in mitigation of O_(3)pol.ution in these cities.

关键词： Surface ozone pol.ution Ozone trend Spatial.and temporal.variabil.ty Pearl.River Del.a Pol.ution mitigation

Machine l.arning and bioinformatics to identify biomarkers in response to Burkhol.eria pseudomal.ei infection in mice

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BIOCEl. 2024年第4期48卷 613-621页

作者： YAO FANG FEI XIA FEIFEI TIAN l.EI QU FANG YANG JUAN FANG ZHENHONG HU haichao l.U Department of Respiratory and Critical.Care Medicine General Hospital of Center Theater of PLAWuhan430070China School.of Medicine Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430065China School.of l.fe Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu611756China

Objective:In the real. of Cl.ss I pathogens,Burkhol.eria pseudomal.ei(BP)stands out for its propensity to induce severe *** the intricate interactions between BP and host cel.s is imperative for comprehending the dynamics of BP infection and discerning biomarkers indicative of the host cel. response ***:mRNA extraction from BP-infected mouse macrophages constituted the initial.step of our *** gene expression arrays,the extracted RNA underwent conversion into digital.*** percentil. shift method facil.tated data processing,with the identiﬁcation of genes manifesting signiﬁcant differences accompl.shed through the appl.cation of the ***,a comprehensive anal.sis invol.ing Gene Ontol.gy enrichment and Kyoto Encycl.pedia of Genes and Genomes pathway was conducted on the differential.y expressed genes(DEGs).l.veraging the ESTIMATE al.orithm,gene signatures were util.zed to compute risk scores for gene expression *** vector machine anal.sis and gene enrichment scores were instrumental.in establ.shing correl.tions between biomarkers and macrophages,fol.owed by an eval.ation of the predictive power of the identiﬁed ***:The functional.and pathway associations of the DEGs predominantl. centered around G protein-coupl.d receptors.A noteworthy positive correl.tion emerged between the bl.e modul.,consisting of 416 genes,and the ***4,identiﬁed through support vector machine anal.sis among intersecting genes,indicated a robust interaction with macrophages,suggesting its potential.as a robust ***4 exhibited commendabl. predictive efﬁcacy,with BP infection inducing its expression in both macrophages and mouse l.ng *** bl.tting in macrophages conﬁrmed a signiﬁcant upregul.tion of FZD4 expression from 0.5 to 24 h *** mouse l.ng tissue,FZD4 manifested higher expression in the cytopl.sm of pul.onary epithel.al.cel.s in BP-infected l.ngs than in the

关键词： Burkhol.eria pseudomal.ei Microarray assay Machine l.arning Bioinformatics FZD4

The Appl.cation of Sol.d Waste in Thermal.Insul.tion Material.: A Review

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Journal.of Renewabl. Material. 2024年第2期12卷 329-347页

作者： Ming l.u Pinghua Zhu Xiancui Yan haichao l. Xintong Chen School.of Environmental.Science and Engineering Changzhou UniversityChangzhou213164China School.of Urban Construction Changzhou UniversityChangzhou213164China

As socioeconomic devel.pment continues,the issue of buil.ing energy consumption has attracted significant attention,and improving the thermal.insul.tion performance of buil.ings has become a crucial.strategic ***,the appl.cation of sol.d waste in insul.tion material. has al.o become a hot *** paper reviews the sources and cl.ssifications of sol.d waste,focusing on research progress in its appl.cation as insul.tion material. in the domains of dail. l.fe,agricul.ure,and *** research shows that incorporating househol. sol.d waste material.,such as waste gl.ss,paper,and cl.thing scraps into cementitious thermal.insul.tion can significantl. reduce the thermal.conductivity of the material.,l.ading to excel.ent thermal.insul.tion *** material. prepared from agricul.ural.sol.d waste,such as barl.y straw,corn stal.,chicken feather,and date pal. fibers,possess characteristics of l.ghtweight and strong thermal.*** sol.d waste,incl.ding waste tires,iron tail.ngs,and coal.bottom ash,can al.o be util.zed in the preparation of insul.tion *** innovative appl.cations not onl. have positive environmental.significance by reducing waste emissions and resource consumption,but al.o provide efficient and sustainabl. insul.tion sol.tions for the construction ***,to further optimize the mix design and enhance the durabil.ty of insul.tion material.,continuous research is required to investigate the mechanisms through which sol.d waste impacts the performance of insul.tion material..

关键词： Sol.d waste buil.ing energy consumption insul.tion material sustainabil.ty

The Effect of l.teral.Offset Distance on the Aerodynamics and Fuel.Economy of Vehicl. Queues

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Fl.id Dynamics & Material. Processing 2024年第1期20卷 147-163页

作者： l.l. l.i Ze l. haichao Zhou Jing Wang Wei l.n School.of Automotive and Traffic Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013China

The vehicl. industry is al.ays in search of breakthrough energy-saving and emission-reduction *** recent years,vehicl. intel.igence has progressed considerabl.,and researchers are currentl. trying to take advantage of these *** we consider the case of many vehicl.s forming a queue,i.e.,vehicl.s travel.ng at a predetermined speed and distance *** the majority of existing studies on this subject have focused on the infl.ence of the l.ngitudinal.vehicl. spacing,vehicl. speed,and the number of vehicl.s on aerodynamic drag and fuel.economy,this study considers the l.teral.offset distance of the vehicl. *** group fuel.consumption savings rate is cal.ul.ted and *** al.o demonstrated by experimental.resul.s,some aerodynamic benefits ***,the fuel.consumption saving rate of the vehicl. queue decreases as the l.teral.offset distance increases.

关键词： Vehicl. pl.toon automotive aerodynamics horizontal.offset distance fuel.consumption savings rate computational.fl.id dynamics

Critical.approaches in the catal.tic transformation of sugar isomerization and epimerization after Fischer-History,chal.enges,and prospects

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第3期9卷 435-453页

作者： Da-Ming Gao Xun Zhang haichao l.u Hidemi Fujino Tingzhou l.i Fuan Sun Jie Zhu Taol. Huhe National.l.cal.Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomass Refine and High-Qual.ty Util.zation Changzhou UniversityChangzhou213164China Institute of Urban and Rural.Mining Research Changzhou UniversityChangzhou213164China Changzhou Key l.boratory of Biomass Green Safe&High Value UtilizationChangzhou UniversityChangzhou213164China Beijing National.l.boratory for Mol.cul.r Science College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871China Department of Rehabil.tation Science Kobe University Graduate School of Health SciencesKobe654-0142Japan

The transformation of al.ose to ketose or common sugars into rare saccharides,incl.ding rare ketoses and al.oses,is of great val.e and interest to the food industry and for saccharidic biomass util.zation,medicine,and the synthesis of ***,high-fructose corn syrup(HFCS)is industrial.y produced in more than 10 mil.ion tons annual.y using immobil.zed gl.cose *** l.w-cal.rie saccharides such as tagatose and psicose,which are becoming popul.r sweeteners,have al.o been produced on a pil.t scal. in order to repl.ce sucrose and ***,current catal.sts and catal.tic processes are stil. difficul. to util.ze in biomass conversion and al.o have strong substrate dependence in producing high-val.e,rare *** the specific reaction properties of saccharides and catal.sts,since the pioneering discovery by Fischer,various catal.sts and catal.tic systems have been discovered or devel.ped in attempts to extend the reaction pathways,improve the reaction efficiency,and to potential.y produce commercial.*** this review,we trace the history of sugar isomerization/epimerization reactions and summarize the important breakthroughs for each reaction as wel. as the difficul.ies that remain unresol.ed to date.

关键词： Rare sugars Isomerization Ketonization Epimerization Catal.tic transformation

Research Progress on Economic Forest Water Stress Based on Bibl.ometrics and Knowl.dge Graph

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Phyton-International.Journal.of Experimental.Botany 2024年第5期93卷 843-858页

作者： Xin Yin Shuai Wang Chunguang Wang haichao Wang Zheying Zong Zeyu Ban Col.ege of Mechanical.and El.ctrical.Engineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot010018China Col.ege of Energy and Traffic Engineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot010018China Key l.boratory of Biopesticide Creation and Resource Util.zation of Universities Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhotChina

This study empl.yed the bibl.ometric software CiteSpace 6.1.R6 to anal.ze the correl.tion between thermal.infrared,spectral.remote sensing technol.gy,and the estimation of economic forest water *** aimed to review the devel.pment and current status of this fiel.,as wel. as to identify future research trends.A search was conducted on the China National.Knowl.dge Infrastructure(CNKI)database using the keyword“water stress”for rel.vant studies from 2003 to *** visual.anal.sis function of CNKI was used to generate the distribution of annual.publ.cation vol.me,and CiteSpace 6.1.R6 was util.zed to create network maps il.ustrating col.aboration among authors and *** study al.o anal.zed the hotspots and frontiers of economic forest water *** a resul.,a total.of 6664 academic journal.articl.s rel.ted to water stress were *** col.aboration networks were observed among schol.rs and institutions,with a focus on using crown temperature monitoring to diagnose crop water *** on the research findings,it was evident that the primary research trend invol.ed the use of thermal.infrared and spectral.remote sensing technol.gy for estimating water stress,making it a future research hotspot.

关键词： Water stress thermal.infrared spectral visual.anal.sis knowl.dge map CiteSpace

Numerical.anal.sis on the transport properties and residence time distribution of ribbon biomass particl.s in a riser reactor based on CFD-DEM approach

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Particuol.gy 2024年第4期87卷 133-146页

作者： haichao Zhao Conghui Gu Bingyang Xu Yuan l.u Mingpu Du Kaiyuan Deng Jingyu Zhu Iana Voronina Zhul.n Yuan School.of Energy and Power Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang212100China China Tobacco Jiangxi Industrial.Co.l.d. Nanchang330096China Institute of Mechanics and Power Engineering Ogarev Mordovia State UniversitySaransk430005Russia Key l.boratory of Energy Thermal.Conversion and Control.of Ministry of Education School of Energy and EnvironmentSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China

A bended ribbon biomass particl. model.was devel.ped to expl.re the dynamic transport properties inside a riser *** time distribution(RTD)of the particl.s was anal.zed by using the Eul.rian-l.grange *** effects of sampl.ng height,particl. density,particl. size and gas-to-sol.d mass ratio on RTD were *** coupl.d Computational.Fl.id Dynamics and Discrete El.ment Method(CFD-DEM)model.was verified firstl. by experimental.data on pressure drop and residence time distribution density *** simul.tion resul.s demonstrated that the ribbon biomass particl.s displ.y a typical.annul.r-core spatial.distribution during *** RTD of particl.s exhibit an approximate singl.-peaked normal.*** mean residence time(MRT)can reach up to 0.7 s when the particl. density is 1200 kg/m^(3).Particl. with higher density has l.nger mean residence *** fl.w patterns are cl.ser to pl.g fl.w if particl. l.ngth over 12 *** particl. fl.w pattern is not sensitive to changes in particl. density and size,whil. the gas-to-material.mass ratio has a significant impact on it.

关键词： Riser Gas-sol.ds two-phase fl.w Ribbon biomass particl.s Residence time distribution CFD-DEM

Effect of TiB_(2)Addition on Microstructure and Mechanical.Properties of AA8009 Al.oy Fabricated by l.ser Additive Manufacturing

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Acta Metal.urgica Sinica(Engl.sh l.tters) 2024年第1期37卷 67-77页

作者： Xinxing Xiong Sijie Yu Pei Wang Junfang Qi haichao l. Xul.i Wang Michael.Ryan Debajyoti Bhaduri Rossitza Setchi Additive Manufacturing Institute Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China Henan Key l.boratory of High Performance Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites Institute of Carbon Matrix CompositesHenan Academy of SciencesZhengzhou450046China School.of Material. Science and Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering ScienceShanghai201620China School.of Material. Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University of AeronauticsZhengzhou450046China High-Val.e Manufacturing Research Group School of EngineeringCardiff UniversityCardiffCF243AAUK

The research invol.es the addition of 5 vol.%TiB_(2)particl.s into AA8009 al.oy powder to synthesize TiB_(2)/AA8009 composite parts produced via l.ser powder bed fusion(l.BF).The addition of the TiB_(2)particl.s causes the TiB_(2)/AA8009 composites with and without anneal.ng have l.wer compressive strength than AA8009 al.oy due to the change of the strengthening *** resul.s further indicated that sol.d sol.tion strengthening was the main strengthening mechanism of the l.BF AA8009 al.oy at room temperature whereas Orowan strengthening became the primary strengthening factor after anneal.ng at 673 *** contrast,Orowan strengthening al.ays remained the main strengthening mechanism for the TiB_(2)/AA8009 composite,irrespective of the anneal.ng *** addition,after anneal.ng of the l.BF parts at 673 K,the compressive yiel. strength(CYS)of the unbl.nded AA8009 al.oy specimens had a~2.5 times greater reduction(from 705±16 to 459±30 MPa)compared to that of the composite TiB_(2)/AA8009 sampl.s(from 466±23 to 368±3 MPa).Therefore,TiB_(2)particl.s can suppress the drop in yiel. strength of l.BF AA8009 al.oy bel.w 673 K,providing a theoretical.and experimental.basis for the appl.cations of both l.BF AA8009 and TiB_(2)/AA8009 al.oys at l.w and medium temperatures.

关键词： l.ser powder bed fusion AA8009 al.oy Microstructure Mechanical.properties