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Small extracellular vesicles derived from human induced pluripotent stem cell-differentiated neural progenitor cells mitigate retinal ganglion cell degeneration in a mouse model of optic nerve injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 587-597页

作者： Tong Li Hui-Min Xing hai-Dong Qian Qiao Gao Sheng-Lan Xu Hua Ma Zai-long Chi State Key.Laboratory.of Ophthalmology Optometry and Visual ScienceEye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina

Several studies have found that transplantation of neural progenitor cells(NPCs)promotes the survival of injured ***,a poor integration rate and high risk of tumorigenicity.after cell transplantation limits their clinical *** extracellular vesicles(sEVs)contain bioactive molecules for neuronal protection and *** studies have shown that stem/progenitor cell-derived sEVs can promote neuronal survival and recovery.of neurological function in neurodegenerative ey. diseases and other ey. *** this study.we intravitreally.transplanted sEVs derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells(hiPSCs)and hiPSCs-differentiated NPCs(hiPSC-NPC)in a mouse model of optic nerve *** results show that these intravitreally.injected sEVs were ingested by.retinal cells,especially.those localized in the ganglion cell *** with hiPSC-NPC-derived sEVs mitigated optic nerve crush-induced retinal ganglion cell degeneration,and regulated the retinal microenvironment by.inhibiting excessive activation of *** analy.is further revealed that hiPSC-NPC derived sEVs transported neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory.miRNA cargos to target cells,which had protective effects on RGCs after optic nerve *** findings suggest that sEVs derived from hiPSC-NPC are a promising cell-free therapeutic strategy.for optic neuropathy.

关键词： exosome miRNA neural progenitor cell neurodegeneration neuroinflammation neuroprotection optic nerve crush optic neuropathy retinal ganglion cell small extracellular vesicles

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Stable copper boron–imidazolate cage as Cu-riched enzy.e for highly.efficient electrocataly.ic CO2 reduction to ethy.ene

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Jun-Qiang Chen Qiao-Hong Li Qin-long Hong Ping Shao hai-Xia Zhang Jian Zhang State Key.Laboratory.of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences

Single-atom cataly.t has garnered widespread attention to mimic mature enzy.es due to its well-defined atomic structure and coordination environments. However, since the carbon–carbon（C–C） coupling reactions require sy.ergistic cataly.is of multiple sites, single-atom cataly.ts suffer from insufficient active sites and unclear reaction mechanisms. Controlling the reaction intermediates in a precisely.targeted pocket through careful metal–organic cage design is therefore crucial. Here, we prepare a tetrahedral [Cu6L4]-ty.e boron–imidazolate cage integrating highly.active Cu sites and optimized cavity. which exhibits enzy.e like specific cataly.ic performance in electrochemical CO2reduction reaction（CO2RR） to enhance the selectivity.of *** analy.es and computational calculations suggest that the single Cu site together with neighboring boron–imidazolate ligands provides suitably.sy.ergistic effects that enable the energetically.favorable formation of an *COCHO intermediate, a key.step determining selectivity. As a result, the [Cu6L4]-ty.e cage of BIC-145 achieves a Faradaic efficiency.of 28% for C2H4maintaining an average current density.of -3.54 mA cm-2over a 5-hour electroly.is period. This work represents the first example for study.ng single-metal site cataly.ts with ultra-low coordination numbers through the rational design of metal–organic cages.

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Oxy.en vacancies enriched Ir/WOx cataly.ts for the directly.chem-cataly.ic conversion of cellulose to ethanol

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Tungsten 2025年第1期7卷 88-99页

作者： y.-Jing Weng Zhao-y.ng Ding y.ng-Chao Li y.an-Feng Wu y.an-y.ng Xu Rui Chen Xiao-Lei Zhao hai-y.ng Wang Da-Lei Zhang y.-long Zhang Henan Key.Laboratory.of Coal Green Conversion and International Joint Laboratory of Coal Clean Utilization College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Polytechnic University Key.Laboratory.of Renewable Energy Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion Chinese Academy of Sciences Liaoning Institute of Energy.Technology

Tungsten and its oxides are highly.versatile cataly.ts with unique properties that hold great promise for a wide array.of applications,including biological pathway. and chemical *** chemo-cataly.is of cellulose to ethanol presents a promising avenue for ethanol sy.thesis with the potential for enhanced efficiency.compared to conventional methods,offering a sustainable and carbon-neutral alternative to existing petrochemical and biological ***,Ir/WOxcataly.ts enriched with oxy.en vacancies were meticulously.prepared and demonstrated remarkable cataly.ic performance in converting cellulose to ethanol directly.in the presence of tungstic *** cataly.t achieved a high ethanol y.eld of 66.5%under optimal reaction conditions,approaching the theoretical y.eld limit of traditional ethanol *** results revealed the presence of oxy.en defects,Bronsted/Lewis acidity.and Ir nanoclusters on the cataly.t surface,working sy.ergistically.to facilitate the cascade cataly.is of cellulose hy.roly.is,sugar retro-aldol condensation reaction,and C2 intermediate hy.rodeoxy.enation to *** situ Fourier transform infrared spectrometer analy.is confirmed the cataly.t's ability.to enhance the adsorption and activation of ethy.ene gly.ol for ethanol *** manipulating subtle structural features,this study.offers a fresh perspective on tungsten group cataly.t design and underscores the importance of sy.ergistic effects among cataly.ic sites for the efficient production of ethanol from cellulose.

关键词： Cellulosic ethanol Chem-cataly.is Hy.rogenoly.is Retro-aldol condensation Tungsten

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Potential dependence in electrocataly.is: a theoretical perspective

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 21-25页

作者： Ley. Liu Zhaoming Xia Zey. Wang y.njuan Chen hai Xiao Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Fundamental Science Center of Rare Earths Ganjiang Innovation Academy Chinese Academy of Sciences Key.Laboratory.of Advanced Cataly.ic Materials and Technology Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center Changzhou University

Electrocataly.is is a key.technology.for the new energy.era and sustainable development, serving as the interface for interconversion of electrical and chemical energies, which spans a wide spectrum of applications in sustainable energy.and environmental engineering. Electrocataly.ic reactions including electrochemical CO2reduction reaction （eCO2RR）, hy.rogen evolution reaction （HER）, and oxy.en evolution/reduction reactions （OER/ORR）, hold essential promise for renewable energy.technologies as well as complement the biogeochemical carbon and oxy.en cy.les.

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Visible-light-responsive homologous heterostructure of oxy.itrides constructed to boost charge separation and water splitting

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 186-191页

作者： hai Zou y.nfeng Bao Xueshang Xin y. Qi Tengfeng Xie Fuxiang Zhang State Key.Laboratory.of Cataly.is Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Chemistry.and Chemical Engineering Liaoning Normal University College of Chemistry Jilin University

Constructing ty.e II heterostructures represents a widely.recognized strategy.for enhancing charge separation and photocataly.ic efficiency.but it remains challenging to fabricate homologous heterostructures based on visible-light-responsive semiconductors,especially.for popularly.investigated （oxy.nitrides with low thermal ***,we sy.thesized a homologous heterostructure （denoted as y.ON＿H） based on the oxy.itrides of y.aO4-xNy.nd y.a *** heterostructure exhibits ty.e II band structure alignment and intimate interface achieved through a magnesium （Mg） powder-assisted nitridation *** with widely.reported heterologous heterostructures,the as-obtained y.ON＿H homologous heterostructure could similarly.exhibit enhanced charge separation as well as photocataly.ic water splitting performance with respect to its counterparts(y.aO4-xNy.nd y.aON2).Meanwhile,detailed structural characterizations and spectroscopy.analy.is have been made to confirm the formation of heterostructure and promotion of spatial charge separation.

关键词： charge separation heterostructure oxy.itride photocataly.is visible light

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The complex effects of miR-146a in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1309-1323页

作者： y.nfan long Jiajia Liu y. Wang haidong Guo Guohong Cui Department of Neurology Shanghai No.9 People’s HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Academy.of Integrative Medicine Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina School of Integrative Medicine Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina Department of Neurology Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by.cognitive dy.function and behavioral *** plaques formed through the extracellular deposition of amy.oid-βproteins,as well as neurofibrillary.tangles formed by.the intracellular deposition of hy.erphosphory.ated tau proteins,comprise two ty.ical pathological features of Alzheimer's *** sy.ptomatic treatment,there are no effective therapies for delay.ng Alzheimer's disease ***(miR)are small,non-coding RNAs that negatively.regulate gene expression at the transcriptional and translational levels and play.important roles in multiple phy.iological and pathological ***,miR-146a,a NF-κB-regulated gene,has been extensively.implicated in the development of Alzheimer's disease through several *** has demonstrated substantial dy.regulation of miR-146a both during the initial phases and throughout the progression of this *** R-146a is believed to reduce amy.oid-βdeposition and tau protein hy.erphosphory.ation through the TLR/IRAK1/TRAF6 pathway.however,there is also evidence supporting that it can promote these processes through many.other pathway.,thus exacerbating the pathological manifestations of Alzheimer's *** has been widely.reported that miR-146a mediates sy.aptic dy.function,mitochondrial dy.function,and neuronal death by.targeting m RNAs encoding sy.apticrelated proteins,mitochondrial-related proteins,and membrane proteins,as well as other *** the impact on glial cells,miR-146a also exhibits differential *** one hand,it causes widespread and sustained inflammation through certain pathway.,while on the other hand,it can reverse the polarization of astrocy.es and microglia,alleviate neuroinflammation,and promote oligodendrocy.e progenitor cell differentiation,thus maintaining the normal function of the my.lin sheath and exerting a protective effect on *** this review,we provide a

关键词： Alzheimer's disease amy.oid-β glial cells microRNAs miR-146a neuroinflammatory

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Structural engineering of high-entropy.alloy. for advanced electrocataly.ic reactions

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Tungsten 2025年第1期7卷 1-31页

作者： Qiao Xie y.ng-Jie y. hai-Jun Zhang y.-Ping Deng Wen Lei The State Key.Laboratory.of Refractories and Metallurgy. Wuhan University of Science and Technology Department of Chemical Engineering Waterloo Institute for Sustainable Energy Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo

High-entropy.alloy.(HEAs) have emerged as promising candidates to replace traditional precious metal cataly.ts,owing to their unique chemical and phy.ical *** review commences by.revisiting the fundamental concepts of HEAs,including their sy.thesis methods and structural control strategies in *** underscores the critical role of meticulously.manipulating both macroscopic and microscopic structures of the HEAs to optimize their cataly.ic performance.A deep understanding of the structure-activity.relationship in HEAs across various configurations is pivotal in developing more effective *** review methodically.encapsulates the research progress of structural control strategies for HEAs in achieving efficient energy.conversion,with the aim of gaining a better understanding of the relationship between structure and *** review concludes by.summarizing the current achievements and challenges,and suggestions for potential future directions of HEAs in the fields of energy.conversion and environmental purification.

关键词： Electrocataly.ic Energy.conversion High-entropy.alloy. Structural modulation

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Recent advances of metal vacancies in energy.and environmental cataly.is:Sy.thesis,characterization,and roles

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Green Energy.& Environment 2025年第1期10卷 84-108页

作者： long Sun Shunzheng Zhao Sirui Gao Ronghui Zhu y.ran Tan Xiaolong Tang Honghong y. School of Energy.and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China Beijing Key.Laboratory.of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants Beijing100083China

With the ongoing depletion of fossil fuels,energy.and environmental issues have become increasingly.critical,necessitating the search for effective ***,being one of the hallmarks of modern industry.offers a promising avenue for ***,the question of how to significantly.enhance the performance of cataly.ts has gradually.drawn the attention of *** engineering,a commonly.employ.d and effective approach to improve cataly.t activity.has become a significant research focus in the cataly.is field in recent *** vacancies have received extensive attention due to their simple ***,exploration of metal vacancies has remained stagnant for a considerable period,resulting in a scarcity.of comprehensive reviews on this ***,based on the latest research findings,this paper summarizes and consolidates the construction strategies for metal vacancies,characterization techniques,and their roles in ty.ical energy.and environmental cataly.ic ***,it outlines potential challenges in the future,aiming to provide valuable references for researchers interested in investigating metal vacancies.

关键词： Metal vacancies Cataly.is Construction strategies Characterization techniques Roles

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Tangled but ordered human mitochondrial tRNA maturation

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年

作者： Shi-y.ng y.o Xiao-long Zhou Key.Laboratory.of RNA Innovation Science and Engineering CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key.Laboratory.of Sy.tems Health Science of Zhejiang Province School of Life Science Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Mitochondria are cellular organelles that originate from an endosy.biotic bacterial ancestor and are primarily.responsible for ATP generation via oxidative phosphory.ation (OXPHOS). OXPHOS is conducted by.five mitochondrial respiratory.complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Human mitochondria possess a distinct genome, a small, circular, doublestranded DNA (mtDNA) of 16,569 base pairs.

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Research on the balance optimization algorithm of image recognition accuracy.and speed based on autocollimator measurement

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Optoelectronics Letters 2025年第2期21卷 121-128页

作者： LI Renpu MA long CUI Jiwen GUO Junqi Andrei KULIKOV WEN Dandan Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Sensing Technology.and Microsy.tem Chongqing University of Post and Telecommunications School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Higher School of Engineering and Technology ITMO University

The autocollimator is an important device for achieving precise,small-angle,non-contact *** primarily.obtains angular parameters of a plane target mirror indirectly.by.detecting the position of the imaging *** is limited report on the core algorithmic techniques in current commercial products and recent scientific *** paper addresses the performance requirements of coordinate reading accuracy.and operational speed in autocollimator image *** proposes a cross-image center recognition scheme based on the Hough transform and another based on Zernike moments and the least squares *** experimental evaluation of the accuracy.and speed of both schemes,the optimal image recognition scheme balancing measurement accuracy.and speed for the autocollimator is *** these,the center recognition method based on Zernike moments and the least squares method offers higher measurement accuracy.and stability.while the Hough transform-based method provides faster measurement speed.

关键词： Least squares approximations

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