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Three-year field study on grass growth and soil hydrological properties in biochar-amended soil

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第7期16卷 2764-2774页

作者： Haowen Guo Charles w.ng wai ng Junjun Ni Qi Zhang Yuchen w.ng Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina School of Transportation Southeast UniversityNanjingChina

Field monitoring was conducted to investigate and quantify the long-term effects of peanut shell biochar on soil-grass interaction over three *** 10 m5 m grassed plots were constructed in completely decomposed granitic *** of them were amended,respectively,with 5%and 10%biochar contents(m^(3)/m^(3))for grass growth,while the third was without biochar *** the threeyear monitoring,plant characteristics,saturated water permeability(k_(s))of grassed soil and soil suction were *** monitored results show that the grass leaf area index(LAI)and root length density(RLD)with biochar amendment were improved by 38%and 200%,*** the grassed plot without biochar,a threshold RLD existed with a value of 1.7 cm/cm^(3),beyond which k_(s) raised *** threshold RLD increased by 52%when biochar content increased from 0%to 10%.This implies that biochar may restrict the increase in k_(s) of grassed soil due to the rise in the threshold *** presence of biochar and grass can retain over 100%higher suction after heavy rainfalls,while 54%lower peak suction under evapotranspiration(ET)compared with the non-amended *** can alleviate the negative effects on hydraulic properties caused by plant growth and reduce ET-induced excessive water loss.A 5%peanut shell biochar content is recommended for the long-term management of vegetated earthen infrastructures.

关键词： Soil-grass interaction Biochar Long-term water infiltration Soil drying

Single-pilot operations in commercial flight:Effects on neural activity and visual behaviour under abnormalities and emergencies

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第8期37卷 277-292页

作者： Qinbiao LI Chun-Hsien CHEN Kam K.H.ng Xin YUAN Cho Yin YIU Human Factors and Ergonomics Laboratory Department of Aeronautical and Aviation EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong Special Administrative Region 100872China School of Mechanical&Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore

with cutting-edge technologies and considering airline human-resource-saving,a single pilot in commercial jets could be technically *** changes in captains’natural behaviours are initially required to comprehend the specific safe human performance envelope for safeguarding single-pilot flight,particularly in high-risk *** paper investigates how captains’performance transforms for fixing emergencies when operating from Dual-Pilot Operations(DPO)to Single-Pilot Operations(SPO)through a physiological-based *** pilots flew an emergency-included flight with/without first officers’*** neural activities and scanning behaviours were recorded using a 32-channel Electroencephalogram(EEG)and glasses-based eye tracker,with the observation and post-experiment questionnaires to evaluate the flight operations and pilots’*** alone,there was a significantly increased cortical activity in h and b waves over the frontal,parietal,and temporal lobes during the more complicated emergencies,and pilots focused less on the primary flight display while spending significantly more time scanning the other *** physiological fluctuating patterns associated with risky operations in SPO were highlighted by cross-correlating multimodal *** experimental-based noteworthy insights may wish to inform commercial SPO measures to lessen the persistent physiological fluctuation,assisting airlines in creating SPO-oriented intelligent flight systems to give captains adequate support for assuring safer air transportation.

关键词： Aviation engineering Single pilot operations Behaviour changes Eye tracker Electroencephalogram

A dual-function selection system enables positive selection of multigene CRISPR mutants and negative selection of Cas9-free progeny in Arabidopsis

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aBIOTECH 2024年第2期5卷 140-150页

作者： feng-Zhu w.ng Ying Bao Zhenxiang Li Xiangyu Xiong Jian-feng Li State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China

The CRISPR/Cas9 technology revolutionizes targeted gene knockout in diverse organisms including ***,screening edited alleles,particularly those with multiplex editing,from herbicide-or antibiotic-resistant transgenic plants and segregating out the Cas9 transgene represent two laborious *** solutions to facilitate these processes rely on different selection ***,by taking advantage of the opposite functions of a D-amino acid oxidase(DAO)in detoxifying D-serine and in metabolizing non-toxic D-valine to a cytotoxic product,we develop a DAO-based selection system that simultaneously enables the enrichment of multigene edited alleles and elimination of Cas9-containing progeny in Arabidopsis *** five DAOs tested in Escherichia coli,the one encoded by Trigonopsis variabilis(TvDAO)could confer slightly stronger D-serine resistance than other *** expression of TvDAO in Arabidopsis allowed a clear distinction between transgenic and nontransgenic plants in both D-serine-conditioned positive selection and D-valine-conditioned negative *** a proof of concept,we combined CRISPR-induced single-strand annealing repair of a dead TvDAO with D-serine-based positive selection to help identify transgenic plants with multiplex editing,where D-serine-resistant plants exhibited considerably higher co-editing frequencies at three endogenous target genes than those selected by ***,D-valine-based negative selection successfully removed Cas9 and TvDAO transgenes from the survival offspring carrying inherited ***,this work provides a novel strategy to ease CRISPR mutant identification and Cas9 transgene elimination using a single selection marker,which promises more efficient and simplified multiplex CRISPR editing in plants.

关键词： CRISPR Genome editing D-amino acid oxidase Cas9-free Selection marker

Low-rank matrix recovery with total generalized variation for defending adversarial examples

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2024年第3期25卷 432-445页

作者： wen LI Hengyou w.ng Lianzhi HUO Qiang HE Linlin CHEN Zhiquan HE w.ng w.Y.ng School of Science Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijing 100044China School of Computer Science and Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing Shenzhen 518060China Institute of Big Data Modeling and Technology Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijing 100044China

Low-rank matrix decomposition with first-order total variation(TV)regularization exhibits excellent performance in exploration of image *** advantage of its excellent performance in image denoising,we apply it to improve the robustness of deep neural ***,although TV regularization can improve the robustness of the model,it reduces the accuracy of normal samples due to its *** our work,we develop a new low-rank matrix recovery model,called LRTGV,which incorporates total generalized variation(TGV)regularization into the reweighted low-rank matrix recovery *** the proposed model,TGV is used to better reconstruct texture information without *** reweighted nuclear norm and Li-norm can enhance the global structure ***,the proposed LRTGV can destroy the structure of adversarial noise while re-enhancing the global structure and local texture of the *** solve the challenging optimal model issue,we propose an algorithm based on the alternating direction method of *** results show that the proposed algorithm has a certain defense capability against black-box attacks,and outperforms state-of-the-art low-rank matrix recovery methods in image restoration.

关键词： Total generalized variation Low-rank matrix Alternating direction method of multipliers Adversarial example

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FE65:a hub for neurodevelopment

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1883-1884页

作者： Yuqi Zhai Laura Lok-Haang ng Dennis Dik-Long Chau Kwok-Fai Lau School of Life Sciences Faculty of ScienceThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina

FE65,initially identified as a binding partner of amyloid precursor protein(APP),is an adaptor protein enriched in the brain and regulated during ***65 belongs to the FE65 protein *** family is comprised of three memb... 详细信息

关键词： family development partner

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A giant Ce-containing poly(tungstobismuthate): Synthesis, structure and catalytic performance for the decontamination of a sulfur mustard simulant

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第10期35卷 491-494页

作者： Chen Lian Si-Han Zhao hai-Lou Li Xinhua Cao MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xinyang Normal University

A novel Ce-containing poly（tungstobismuthate） Cs18Na8H20[Ce3（H2O）10w8Bi4O28(B-α-Bi w9O33)4]2·64H2O（1） has been synthesized by a facile one-pot self-assembly reaction strategy. Its structural characterization is realized by virtue of single-crystal X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. The polyoxoanion of 1 is an octameric architecture consisting of two tetrameric entities [Ce3（H2O）10w8Bi4O28(B-α-Bi w9O33)4]23-linked by two Ce–O–w bonds, and adjacent polyoxoanions are further combined together by means of Ce3+linkers, resulting in an infinite 1D chain architecture. Compound 1 is the currently largest tungstobismuthate, and also represents the first example of lanthanide-encapsulated tungstobismuthate exhibiting an extended structure. Furthermore,compound 1 as a heterogeneous catalyst, exhibits high activity for the oxidative decontamination of a sulfur mustard simulant, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide（CEES） into 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfoxide（CEESO）.

关键词： Cluster Lanthanide Oxidation Polyoxometalates Tungstobismuthate

Preparation and properties of ZrO_(2)-strengthened porous mullite insulation materials using Y_(2)O_(3) additive

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第6期31卷 1514-1521页

作者： w.ng-zhi Yu Yi-hong Shi Ping Liu Yong-wan wu Cheng-hao Song Xian-gong Deng Xiang Ding Song-lin Ran Yi Zhang hai-jun Zhang hai-liang Deng Advanced Ceramics Research Center School of Materials Science and EngineeringAnhui University of TechnologyMa'anshan 243002AnhuiChina The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081HubeiChina

ZrO_(2)-strengthened porous mullite insulation materials were prepared by foaming technology utilizing ZrSiO_(4) and Al_(2)O_(3) as primary materials and Y_(2)O_(3) as an *** effects of Y_(2)O_(3) contents on the phase composition,microstructure,mechanical properties,and heat conductivity of the porous mullite insulation materials were investigated.A suitable Y_(2)O_(3) content could promote phase transition of monoclinic ZrO_(2)(m-ZrO_(2))to tetragonal ZrO_(2)(t-ZrO_(2)),reduce pore size,and improve the strengths of as-prepared *** cold crushing strength and bending strength of as-prepared specimens with a 119µm spherical pore size using 6 wt.%Y_(2)O_(3) were 35.2 and 13.0 MPa,respectively,with a heat conductivity being only 0.248 w/(m K).

关键词： Porous mullite insulation material Zirconium oxide Y_(2)O_(3) Mechanical property Heat conductivity

Energy and exergy analyses and optimizations for two-stage TEC driven by two-stage TEG with Thomson effect

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 1077-1093页

作者： CHEN Lingen GE YanLin feng HuiJun REN TingTing Institute of Thermal Science and Power Engineering Wuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan 430205China Hubei Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Green Chemical Equipment Wuhan 430205China School of Mechanical&Electrical Engineering Wuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan 430205China

Based on the non-equilibrium thermodynamics and energy and exergy analyses,a thermodynamic model of two-stage thermoelectric(TE)cooler(TTEC)driven by two-stage TE generator(TTEG)(TTEG-TTEC)combined TE device is established with involving Thomson effect by fitting method of variable physical parameters of TE *** total number of TE elements as constraint,influences of number distributions of TE elements on three device performance indictors,that is,cooling load,maximum COP and maximum exergetic efficiency,are *** number distributions of TE elements are optimized with three maximum performance indictors as the objectives,*** of hot-junction temperature of TTEG and coldjunction temperature of TTEC on optimization results are analyzed,and difference between optimization results corresponding to three performance indicators are *** performance intervals and optimal variable intervals are *** of Thomson effect on three general performance indicators,three optimal performance indicators and optimal variables are comparatively *** effect reduces three general performance indicators and three optimal performance indicators of *** hot-and cold-junction temperatures of TTEG and TTEC are 450,305,325 and 295 K,respectively,Thomson effect reduced maximum cooling load,maximum COP and maximum exergetic efficiency from 9.528 w,9.043×10^(-2)and2.552%to 6.651 w,6.286×10^(-2)and 1.752%,respectively.

关键词： non-equilibrium thermodynamics cooling load COP exergetic efficiency combined thermoelectric device performance optimization

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Grain size effect on the assembly quality of micro-scaled barrel formed by microforming

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Advances in Manufacturing 2024年第1期12卷 19-32页

作者： Dien Hu Jieyichen Fang feng Zeng Ming-w.ng Fu Department of Mechanical Engineering Research Institute of Advanced ManufacturingThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongPeople’s Republic of China Xiamen Yulong Machinery Co.Ltd. Xiamen361023FujianPeople’s Republic of China

In this research,a method employing micro-extrusion was designed to produce the micro-scaled barrel-shaped parts with complex geometrical features to study the feasibility of the proposed microforming method and its grain size effect on the formability of the complicated internal features in terms of deformation behavior,material evolution,accuracy of dimensions and final components *** results reveal that the deformation behavior is highly affected by grain size and becomes unpredictable with increased grain *** addition,assembly parameters including feature dimension,tolerance and coaxiality also vary with grain size,and the variation of grain size needs to be accommodated by different assembly types,viz.,clearance fit or transition *** the microstructural evolution aspect,it was identified there were two dead zones and four shear bands,and the formation of these deformation zones was barely affected by the variation in grain *** bulges,cracks,and fracture induced voids were observed on the surface of the final components,tailoring the microstructure of the working material with finer grains could significantly avoid these *** study advances the understanding of forming microparts by extrusion processes and provides guidance for microforming of similar microparts.

关键词： Microformed part Size effect Extrusion Microstructural evolution Dimensions Assembly accuracy