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Emerging progress: photochemical transformation of nitroso compounds

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 118-133页

作者： Ze-le Chen Qiang-Qiang Li Armido Studer Jun xuan Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Anhui University Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universitat Münster

Nitroso compounds have emerged as highly valuable reaction partners or reagents in organic synthesis due to their rich *** versatile profile of these compounds allows them to function as electrophiles, nucleophiles, diradicals, and radical acceptors in diverse transformations. In recent years, notable progress has been made in harnessing photochemical reactions with nitroso compounds to prepare N,O-containing structures using mild and eco-friendly conditions. Various nitroso compounds like nitrosoarenes, acyloxy nitroso compounds, N-nitrosoamines and nitrites have received significant attention for their ability to introduce NO moieties into complex molecules that are otherwise difficult to access. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent advancements in the visible light-induced conversion of nitroso compounds, with particular emphasis on their role as bifunctional reagents and acceptors of radicals, carbenes and nitrenes.

关键词： nitroso compounds photochemistry radical reaction carbene transformation nitrosoarenes

考虑台风效应的金属屋面系统全寿命期疲劳损伤估计

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Microglia lactylation in relation to central nervous system diseases

工程力学 2025年第1期42卷 189-198页

作者：宣颖张乐乐谢壮宁华南理工大学亚热带建筑科学国家重点实验室广州510640 中国建筑第二工程局有限公司华南公司深圳518048

评估金属屋面设计使用寿命年限内的累积损伤程度是抗风设计的重要环节，该文提出一种用于台风多发区域金属屋面系统全寿命期风致疲劳损伤的估计方法，该方法结合风洞测压试验数据和基于台风Monte Carlo模拟所得风速风向分布模型，采用... 详细信息

评估金属屋面设计使用寿命年限内的累积损伤程度是抗风设计的重要环节，该文提出一种用于台风多发区域金属屋面系统全寿命期风致疲劳损伤的估计方法，该方法结合风洞测压试验数据和基于台风Monte Carlo模拟所得风速风向分布模型，采用有限元数值模拟方法进行荷载应力分析，提取金属屋面板块疲劳热点处荷载应力关系，从而获得应力时程数据，通过雨流计数法统计应力循环数，并根据Goodman应力修正法则和Miner疲劳线性累积损伤理论，计算得到金属屋面系统在全寿命期的疲劳累积损伤情况;利用台风等效序列进行加载，以动态物理压力箱试验验证数值模拟方法有效性为基础，将该文方法应用于位于东南沿海的某大跨度圆柱形金属屋面的疲劳累积损伤估计。结果显示：金属屋面全寿命期风致疲劳损伤不仅与风压分布存在一定相关性，也与建筑物所在地区的极值风速分布和主导风向存在相关性，评估全寿命期风致疲劳损伤应结合风洞测压试验结果和建筑物所在地风速风向分布模型进行综合分析;对于更易出现疲劳破坏的屋面角区和边缘部位的高负压区域，量化分析局部加密角区和边缘部位檩距对风致疲劳损伤的影响。

关键词：金属屋面板有限元分析风洞试验风致疲劳损伤台风模型

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 29-40页

作者： Hui Yang Nan Mo le Tong Jianhong Dong Ziwei Fan Mengxian Jia Juanqing Yue Ying Wang School of Pharmacy Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Clinical Laboratory The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Hangzhou First People’s Hospital)HangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina College of Medical Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK Department of Orthopedics(Spine Surgery) the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Pathology Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s HospitalWestlake University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Clinical Research Center Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s HospitalWestlake University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina

The development of neurodegenerative diseases is closely related to the disruption of central nervous system ***,as innate immune cells,play important roles in the maintenance of central nervous system homeostasis,injury response,and neurodegenerative *** has been considered a metabolic waste product,but recent studies are revealing ever more of the physiological functions of *** is an important pathway in lactate function and is involved in glycolysis-related functions,macrophage polarization,neuromodulation,and angiogenesis and has also been implicated in the development of various *** review provides an overview of the lactate metabolic and homeostatic regulatory processes involved in microglia lactylation,histone versus non-histone lactylation,and therapeutic approaches targeting ***,we summarize the current research on microglia lactylation in central nervous system diseases.A deeper understanding of the metabolic regulatory mechanisms of microglia lactylation will provide more options for the treatment of central nervous system diseases.

关键词： brain central nervous system glycolysis immune response inflammation lactate metabolism lactate lactylation microglia neurodegenerative diseases

Privacy-preserving explainable AI: a survey

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 23-56页

作者： Thanh Tam NGUYEN Thanh Trung HUYNH Zhao REN Thanh Toan NGUYEN Phi le NGUYEN Hongzhi YIN Quoc Viet Hung NGUYEN School of Information and Communication Technology Griffith University School of Computer and Communication Sciences Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Bremen Faculty of Information Technology HUTECH University Department of Computer Science Hanoi University of Science and Technology School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of Queensland

As the adoption of explainable AI(XAI) continues to expand, the urgency to address its privacy implications intensifies. Despite a growing corpus of research in AI privacy and explainability, there is little attention on privacy-preserving model explanations. This article presents the first thorough survey about privacy attacks on model explanations and their countermeasures. Our contribution to this field comprises a thorough analysis of research papers with a connected taxonomy that facilitates the categorization of privacy attacks and countermeasures based on the targeted explanations. This work also includes an initial investigation into the causes of privacy leaks. Finally, we discuss unresolved issues and prospective research directions uncovered in our analysis. This survey aims to be a valuable resource for the research community and offers clear insights for those new to this domain. To support ongoing research, we have established an online resource repository, which will be continuously updated with new and relevant findings.

关键词： privacy-preserving explainable AI privacy attacks privacy defences PrivEx PPXAI

Mutual regulation of microglia and astrocytes after Gas6 inhibits spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 557-573页

作者： Jiewen Chen Xiaolin Zeng le Wang Wenwu Zhang Gang Li Xing Cheng Peiqiang Su Yong Wan Xiang Li Department of Spine Surgery The First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology GuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina

Invasive inflammation and excessive scar formation are the main reasons for the difficulty in repairing nervous tissue after spinal cord *** and astrocytes play key roles in the spinal cord injury micro-environment and share a close ***,the mechanisms involved remain *** this study,we found that after spinal cord injury,resting microglia(M0)were polarized into pro-inflammatory phenotypes(MG1 and MG3),while resting astrocytes were polarized into reactive and scar-forming *** expression of growth arrest-specific 6(Gas6)and its receptor Axl were significantly down-regulated in microglia and astrocytes after spinal cord *** vitro experiments showed that Gas6 had negative effects on the polarization of reactive astrocytes and pro-inflammatory microglia,and even inhibited the cross-regulation between *** further demonstrated that Gas6 can inhibit the polarization of reactive astrocytes by suppressing the activation of the Yes-associated protein signaling ***,in turn,inhibited the polarization of pro-inflammatory microglia by suppressing the activation of the nuclear factor-κB/p65 and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling *** vivo experiments showed that Gas6 inhibited the polarization of pro-inflammatory microglia and reactive astrocytes in the injured spinal cord,thereby promoting tissue repair and motor function ***,Gas6 may play a role in the treatment of spinal cord *** can inhibit the inflammatory pathway of microglia and polarization of astrocytes,attenuate the interaction between microglia and astrocytes in the inflammatory microenvironment,and thereby alleviate local inflammation and reduce scar formation in the spinal cord.

关键词： astrocytes Axl cell polarization Gas6 Hippo signal inflammatory micro-environment intercellular interaction microglia single-cell sequencing spinal cord injury

Prediction of Shear Bond Strength of Asphalt Concrete Pavement Using Machine learning Models and Grid Search Optimization Technique

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 691-712页

作者： Quynh-Anh Thi Bui Dam Duc Nguyen Hiep Van le Indra Prakash Binh Thai Pham Civil Engineering Department University of Transport Technology54 Trieu KhucThanh XuanHanoi100000Vietnam DDG(R)Geological Survey of India Gandhinagar382010India

Determination of Shear Bond strength(SBS)at interlayer of double-layer asphalt concrete is crucial in flexible pavement *** study used three Machine learning(ML)models,including K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN),Extra Trees(ET),and Light Gradient Boosting Machine(LGBM),to predict SBS based on easily determinable input ***,the Grid Search technique was employed for hyper-parameter tuning of the ML models,and cross-validation and learning curve analysis were used for training the *** models were built on a database of 240 experimental results and three input variables:temperature,normal pressure,and tack coat *** validation was performed using three statistical criteria:the coefficient of determination(R2),the Root Mean Square Error(RMSE),and the mean absolute error(MAE).Additionally,SHAP analysis was also used to validate the importance of the input variables in the prediction of the *** show that these models accurately predict SBS,with LGBM providing outstanding ***(Shapley Additive explanation)analysis for LGBM indicates that temperature is the most influential factor on ***,the proposed ML models can quickly and accurately predict SBS between two layers of asphalt concrete,serving practical applications in flexible pavement structure design.

关键词： Shear bond asphalt pavement grid search optimization machine learning

论政治勇气与政治话语表达——学习《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》

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山西师大学报（社会科学版） 2025年第1期52卷 1-7页

作者：荆学民王乐轩中国传媒大学政治传播研究所北京100024 中国传媒大学政府与公共事务学院北京100024

党的二十届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》,展现了中国共产党“伟大历史主动、巨大政治勇气、强烈责任担当”的精气神,表达了中国共产党“进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化”的政治决... 详细信息

党的二十届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》,展现了中国共产党“伟大历史主动、巨大政治勇气、强烈责任担当”的精气神,表达了中国共产党“进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化”的政治决心。其中,中国共产党的“政治勇气”成为一个亮点。政治勇气作为中国特色社会主义政治话语的集中表达,是与政治改革相匹配的、展现政治决心的、根植于政治实践的政治话语。在不同的历史阶段,我国的政治话语具有不同的侧重点,经历了从革命话语到改革话语的转型。随着党的政治勇气的提升,党的政治话语表达在政治目标上逐步具体、在政治信念上日益坚定、在政治底气上愈发充足。进入新时代,伴随中国共产党的政治勇气的提升,党的二十大提出“中国式现代化”,其话语内涵具有中国特色与世界意义的双重属性。“中国式现代化”作为政治话语表达的创新典范,不仅体现了中国对自身发展道路的政治自信,也彰显了中国愿与世界各国共享现代化建设经验的开放态度。在新的国际政治形势下,国际话语竞争日益激烈,为此可以采用话语框定、话语争论、话语叙事等话语博弈策略,进一步提升中国的国际政治话语权。

关键词：《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》政治勇气政治话语

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Autophagy modulates physiologic and adaptive response in the liver

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Liver Research 2023年第4期7卷 304-320页

作者： Trinh Van le Nhung hai Truong Ai xuan L.Holterman Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application University of Science-VNUHCMHo Chi Minh CityVietnam Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh CityVietnam Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology University of Science-VNUHCMHo Chi Minh CityVietnam Department of Pediatrics and Surgery University of Illinois College of MedicineChicago and PeoriaILUSA

Autophagy is a physiological process that is ubiquitous and essential to the disposal or recycling of damaged cellular organelles and misfolded proteins to maintain organ homeostasis and *** importance in the regulation of liver function in normal and pathological conditions is increasingly *** review summarizes how autophagy regulates epithelial cell-and non-epithelial cellspecific function in the liver and how it differentially participates in hepatic homeostasis,hepatic injury response to stress-induced liver damage such as cholestasis,sepsis,non-alcoholic and alcohol-associated liver disease,viral hepatitis,hepatic fibrosis,hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinoma,and ***-based interventional studies for liver diseases that are currently registered in *** are *** the broad and multidirectional autophagy response in the liver,a more refined understanding of the liver cell-specific autophagy activities in a context-dependent manner is necessary。

关键词： Autophagy Biliary epithelial cell Hepatitis Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatic stellate cell Hepatocyte

Reverse Transformation in[110]-Oriented Face-Centered-Cubic Single Crystals Studied by Atomic Simulations

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English letters) 2022年第10期35卷 1631-1640页

作者： hai-Feng Zhang hai-le Yan Feng Fang Nan Jia Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials(Ministry of Education) School of Material Science and EngineeringNortheastern UniversityShenyang110819China State Key Lab Rolling&Automat Northeastern UniversityShenyang110819China

Bidirectional transformations,which are achieved by triggering both dynamic forward transformation from the face-centered-cubic(fcc)austenite to the hexagonal-close-packed(hcp)martensite and the reverse transformation from martensite to austenite during cold deformation,have been previously reported in FeMnCoCr-based high-entropy alloys(HEAs).This leads to the permanent refinement of microstructure and hence enhances the work-hardening capacity of *** order to reveal the microscopic mechanism of the reverse transformation in HEAs under deformation,the effect of the sample aspect ratio,i.e.,Z/X,on the evolution of deformation systems in the equi-atomic FeMnCoCrNi alloy with[110]orientation during uniaxial tensile loading along the Z direction is investigated by atomic simulations in this *** the aspect ratio is 0.5,the reverse transformation is more significant compared with other models,while a good plasticity can still be *** then compare the micromechanical behavior of three fcc single crystals,i.e.,FeMnCoCrNi,FeCuCoCrNi,and pure *** results show that the stacking fault energy plays a major role in the activation of different deformation mechanisms;however,the lattice distortion in the HEA does not significantly affect the activation of deformation ***,for all materials dislocation slip leads to the softening,while strain hardening is attributed to the initiation of multiple deformation *** Shockley partials slip leads to bidirectional phase transition,twinning and detwinning in the three ***,the reverse transformation can occur in all metallic materials where the fcc to hcp phase transformation is the dominant deformation *** findings contribute to an in-depth understanding of the deformation mechanism in fcc-structured materials under severe plastic deformation and provide theoretical guidance for the design of alloys with superior strength–plasticity combinations.

关键词： Face-centered-cubic materials Atomic simulation Plastic deformation Reverse transformation