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An Unprecedented Efficiency with Approaching 21%Enabled by Additive‑Assisted Layer‑by‑Layer Processing in Organic Solar Cells

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第2期17卷 372-375页

作者： Shuai xu Youdi Zhang Yanna Sun Pei Cheng Zhaoyang Yao Ning Li Long Ye Lijian Zuo Ke Gao Key Laboratory of Advanced Green Functional Materials College of ChemistryChangchun Normal UniversityChangchun 130032People’s Republic of China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong UniversityQingdao 266237People’s Republic of China College of Polymer Science and Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento‑Organic Chemistry Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer MaterialsRenewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center(RECAST)College of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin 300071People’s Republic of China Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640People’s Republic of China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences School of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin 300350People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and FunctionalizationDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China

Recently published in Joule,Feng Liu and colleagues from Shanghai Jiaotong University reported a record-breaking 20.8%power conversion efficiency in organic solar cells(OSCs)with an interpenetrating fibril network active layer morphology,featuring a bulk p-in structure and proper vertical segregation achieved through additive-assisted layer-by-layer *** optimized hierarchical gradient fibrillar morphology and optical management synergistically facilitates exciton diffusion,reduces recombination losses,and enhances light capture *** approach not only offers a solution to achieving high-efficiency devices but also demonstrates the potential for commercial applications of OSCs.

关键词： Organic solar cells Additive-assisted layer-by-layer processing Three-dimensional fibril morphology Bulk p-i-n structure Optical management

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Semantic segmentation of high-resolution images

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2017年第12期60卷 256-261页

作者： Juhong WANG Bin LIU kun xu Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University

Image semantic segmentation is a research topic that has emerged recently. Although existing approaches have achieved satisfactory accuracy, they are limited to handling low-resolution images owing to their large memory consumption. In this paper, we present a semantic segmentation method for high-resolution images. First, we downsample the input image to a lower resolution and then obtain a low-resolution semantic segmentation image using state-of-the-art methods. Next, we use joint bilateral upsampling to upsample the low-resolution solution and obtain a high-resolution semantic segmentation image. To modify joint bilateral upsampling to handle discrete semantic segmentation data, we propose using voting instead of interpolation in filtering computation. Compared to state-of-the-art methods, our method significantly reduces memory cost without reducing result quality.

关键词： image semantic segmentation high-resolution images joint bilateral upsampling

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Properties and Iterative Methods for the Lasso and Its Variants

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2014年第3期35卷 501-518页

作者： Hong-kun xu Department of Applied Mathematics National Sun Yat-Sen University Department of Mathematics King Abdulaziz University

The lasso of Tibshirani （1996） is a least-squares problem regularized by the l1 norm. Due to the sparseness promoting property of the l1 norm, the lasso has been received much attention in recent years. In this paper some basic properties of the lasso and two variants of it are exploited. Moreover, the proximal method and its variants such as the relaxed proximal algorithm and a dual method for solving the lasso by iterative algorithms are presented.

关键词： Lasso Elastic net Smooth-lasso l1 regulaxization Sparsity Proximalmethod Dual method Projection Thresholding

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A gas-kinetic theory based multidimensional high-order method for the compressible Navier–Stokes solutions

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2017年第4期33卷 733-741页

作者： Xiaodong Ren kun xu Wei Shyy Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineeringof Ministry of Education Department of Thermal Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Department of Mathematics School of Science The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong KongChina Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering School of Engineering The Hong Kong University of Scienceand Technology Hong Kong China

This paper presents a gas-kinetic theory based multidimensional high-order method for the compressible Naiver–Stokes solutions. In our previous study, a spatially and temporally dependent third-order flux scheme with the use of a third-order gas distribution function is ***, the third-order flux scheme is quite complicated and less robust than the second-order scheme. In order to reduce its complexity and improve its robustness, the secondorder flux scheme is adopted instead in this paper, while the temporal order of method is maintained by using a two stage temporal discretization. In addition, its CPU cost is relatively lower than the previous scheme. Several test cases in two and three dimensions, containing high Mach number compressible flows and low speed high Reynolds number laminar flows, are presented to demonstrate the method capacity.

关键词： compressible Stokes Navier Reynolds discretization laminar robustness spatially dimensions instead

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The synergism of sequential paired electrosynthesis with halogen bonding activation for the cyclization of organochlorides with olefins

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Science China Chemistry 2023年第2期66卷 540-547页

作者： Fei Lian kun xu Chengchu Zeng Faculty of Environment and Life Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China

Reported herein is the design of a new catalytic paradigm by synergistically combining sequential paired electrosynthesis with halogen-bonding(XB)activation for the cyclization of organochlorides with *** dual activation strategy enables rapid access to densely functionalized 2-alkylidene-tetrahydrofurans with exclusive Z-selectivities,which are challenging to be synthesized by other methods.4,4′-Di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine(dtbbpy)showed an unprecedented reactivity as a XB acceptor to activate C-Cl bond by shifting its reduction potential positively by 220 m *** different from previous electroreductions of C-Cl bonds relying upon high electrode potentials or matched redox properties between mediators and organochlorides,the XB activator employed herein has no limit on the abovementioned redox property matching but can lower the applied electrode *** decreased operating potential allows broad functional group tolerance,which was highlighted by the late-stage functionalization of 11 examples of drugs and natural products-derived alkenes.

关键词： electrochemistry cross-electrophile coupling electrocatalysis paired electrolysis

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Dynamics and Wheel's Slip Ratio of a Wheel-legged Robot in Wheeled Motion Considering the Change of Height

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2012年第5期25卷 1060-1067页

作者： DING Xilun LI Kejia xu kun School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

The existing research on dynamics and slip ratio of wheeled mobile robot （WMR） are derived without considering the effect of height, and the existing models can not be used to analyze the dynamics performance of the robot with variable height while moving such as NOROS- Ⅱ. The existing method of dynamics modeling is improved by adding the constraint equation between perpendicular displacement of body and horizontal displacement of wheel into the constraint conditions. The dynamic model of NOROS- Ⅱ in wheel motion is built by the Lagrange method under nonholonomic constraints. The inverse dynamics is calculated in three different paths based on this model, and the results demonstrate that torques of hip pitching joints are inversely proportional to the height of robot. The relative error of calculated torques is less than 2% compared with that of ADAMS simulation, by which the validity of dynamic model is verified, Moreover, the relative horizontal motion between fore/hind wheels and body is produced when the height is changed, and thus the accurate slip ratio can not be obtained by the traditional equation. The improved slip ratio equations with the parameter of the vertical velocity of body are introduced for fore wheels and hind wheels respectively. Numerical simulations of slip ratios are conducted to reveal the effect of varied height on slip ratios of different wheels. The result shows that the slip ratios of fore/hind wheels become larger/smaller respectively as the height increases, and as the height is reduced, the reverse applies. The proposed research of dynamic model and slip ratio based on the robot height provides the effective method to analyze the dynamics of WMRs with varying height.

关键词： wheel-legged robot dynamics slip ratio change of height nonholonomic constraints

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Gait Analysis of Quadruped Robot Using the Equivalent Mechanism Concept Based on Metamorphosis

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2019年第1期32卷 31-41页

作者： kun xu Peijin Zi Xilun Ding Robotics Institute School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation Beihang University

The previous research regarding the gait planning of quadruped robot focuses on the sequence for lifting o and placing the feet, but neglects the influence of body height. However, body height a ects gait performance significantly, such as in terms of the stride length and stability margin. We herein study the performance of a quadruped robot using the equivalent mechanism concept based on metamorphosis. Assuming the constraints between standing feet and the ground with hinges, the ground, standing legs and robot body are considered as a parallel mechanism, and each swing leg is regarded as a typical serial manipulator. The equivalent mechanism varies while the robot moves on the ground. One gait cycle is divided into several periods, including step forward stages and switching stages. There exists a specific equivalent mechanism corresponding to each gait period. The robot's locomotion can be regarded as the motion of these series of equivalent mechanisms. The kinematics model and simplified model of the equivalent mechanism is established. A new definition of the multilegged robot stability margin, based on friction coe cient, is presented to evaluate the robot stability. The stable workspaces of the equivalent mechanism in the step forward stage of trotting gait under di erent friction coe cients are analyzed. The stride length of the robots is presented by analyzing the relationship between the stable workspaces of the equivalent mechanisms of two adjacent step forward stages in one gait cycle. The simulation results show that the stride length is larger with increasing friction coe cient. We herein propose a new method based on metamorphosis, and an equivalent mechanism to analyze the stability margin and stable workspace of the multilegged robot.

关键词： Quadruped robot Gait transference Metamorphosis Metamorphic mechanism Stability Stride length

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A Survey of Image Synthesis and Editing with Generative Adversarial Networks

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2017年第6期22卷 660-674页

作者： Xian Wu kun xu Peter Hall TNList and the Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China the Department of Computer Science University of BathBathUK

This paper presents a survey of image synthesis and editing with Generative Adversarial Networks（GANs）. GANs consist of two deep networks, a generator and a discriminator, which are trained in a competitive way. Due to the power of deep networks and the competitive training manner, GANs are capable of producing reasonable and realistic images, and have shown great capability in many image synthesis and editing *** paper surveys recent GAN papers regarding topics including, but not limited to, texture synthesis, image inpainting, image-to-image translation, and image editing.

关键词： image synthesis image editing constrained image synthesis generative adversarial networks imageto-image translation

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A unified gas-kinetic scheme for multiscale and multicomponent flow transport

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2019年第3期40卷 355-372页

作者： Tianbai XIAO kun xu Qingdong CAI Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science College of EngineeringPeking University Department of Mathematics Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Research Institute Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

Compressible flows exhibit a diverse set of behaviors, where individual particle transports and their collective dynamics play different roles at different scales. At the same time, the atmosphere is composed of different components that require additional degrees of freedom for representation in computational fluid dynamics. It is challenging to construct an accurate and efficient numerical algorithm to faithfully represent multiscale flow physics across different regimes. In this paper, a unified gas-kinetic scheme(UGKS) is developed to study non-equilibrium multicomponent gaseous flows. Based on the Boltzmann kinetic equation, an analytical space-time evolving solution is used to construct the discretized equations of gas dynamics directly according to cell size and scales of time steps, i.e., the so-called direct modeling method. With the variation in the ratio of the numerical time step to the local particle collision time(or the cell size to the local particle mean free path), the UGKS automatically recovers all scale-dependent flows over the given domain and provides a continuous spectrum of the gas dynamics. The performance of the proposed unified scheme is fully validated through numerical *** UGKS can be a valuable tool to study multiscale and multicomponent flow physics.

关键词： unified gas-kinetic scheme(UGKS) multiscale modeling multicomponent flow

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A Review on Vibration Control of Multiple Cylinders Subjected to FlowInduced Vibrations

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China Ocean Engineering 2024年第2期38卷 183-197页

作者： xu Wan-hai MA Ye-xuan State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Intelligent Construction and Operation Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

The fatigue damage caused by flow-induced vibration(FIV)is one of the major concerns for multiple cylindrical structures in many engineering *** FIV suppression is of great importance for the security of many cylindrical *** active and passive control methods have been employed for the vibration suppression of an isolated cylinder undergoing vortex-induced vibrations(VIV).The FIV suppression methods are mainly extended to the multiple cylinders from the vibration control of the isolated *** to the mutual interference between the multiple cylinders,the FIV mechanism is more complex than the VIV mechanism,which makes a great challenge for the FIV *** efforts have been devoted to vibration suppression of multiple cylinder systems undergoing FIV over the past two *** control methods,such as helical strakes,splitter plates,control rods and flexible sheets,are not always effective,depending on many influence factors,such as the spacing ratio,the arrangement geometrical shape,the flow velocity and the parameters of the vibration control *** FIV response,hydrodynamic features and wake patterns of the multiple cylinders equipped with vibration control devices are reviewed and *** FIV suppression efficiency of the vibration control methods are analyzed and compared considering different influence *** research on the FIV suppression of multiple cylinders is suggested to provide insight for the development of FIV control methods and promote engineering applications of FIV control methods.

关键词： flow-induced vibration vibration control multiple cylinders tandem side-by-side staggered

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