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Development and accuracy of artificial intelligence-generated prediction of facial changes in orthodontic treatment:a scoping review

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2023年第11期24卷 974-984页

作者： Jiajun ZHU Yuxin YANG hai ming wong Stomatology Hospital School of StomatologyZhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesKey Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang ProvinceCancer Center of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou310000China Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Artificial intelligence(AI)has been utilized in soft-tissue analysis and prediction in orthodontic treatment planning,although its reliability has not been systematically assessed.This scoping review was conducted to outline the development of AI in terms of predicting soft-tissue changes after orthodontic treatment,as well as to comprehensively evaluate its prediction accuracy.Six electronic databases(PubMed,EBSCOhost,Web of Science,Embase,Cochrane Library,and Scopus)were searched up to March 14,2023.Clinical studies investigating the performance of AI-based systems in predicting post-orthodontic soft-tissue alterations were included.The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2(QUADAS-2)and Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)appraisal checklist for diagnostic test accuracy studies were applied to assess risk of bias,while the Grading of Recommendation,Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)assessment was conducted to evaluate the certainty of outcomes.After screening 2500 studies,four non-randomized clinical trials were finally included for full-text evaluation.We found a low level of evidence indicating an estimated high overall accuracy of AI-generated prediction,whereas the lower lip and chin seemed to be the least predictable regions.Furthermore,the facial morphology simulated by AI via the fusion of multimodality images was considered to be reasonably true.Since all of the included studies that were not randomized clinical trials(non-RCTs)showed a moderate to high risk of bias,more well-designed clinical trials with sufficient sample size are needed in future work.

关键词： Facial morphology Soft-tissue changes Artificial intelligence(AI) Orthodontic treatment

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Airborne transmission during short-term events: Direct route over indirect route

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Building Simulation 2022年第12期15卷 2097-2110页

作者： Xiujie Li Zhengtao Ai Jinjun Ye Cheuk ming Mak hai ming wong Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Civil Engineering Hunan UniversityChangshaChina National Center for International Research Collaboration in Building Safety and Environment Hunan UniversityChangshaChina Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Numerous short-term exposure events in public spaces were reported during the COVID-19 pandemic,especially during the spread of Delta and Omicron.However,the currently used exposure risk assessment models and mitigation measures are mostly based on the assumption of steady-state and complete-mixing conditions.The present study investigates the dynamics of airborne transmission in short-term events when a steady state is not reached before the end of the events.Large-eddy simulation(LES)is performed to predict the airborne transmission in short-term events,and three representative physical distances between two occupants are examined.Both time-averaged and phase-averaged exposure indices are used to evaluate the exposure risk.The results present that the exposure index in the short-term events constantly varies over time,especially within the first 1/ACH(air changes per hour)hour of exposure between occupants in close proximity,posing high uncertainty to the spatial and temporal evolutions of the risk of cross-infection.The decoupling analysis of the direct and indirect airborne transmission routes indicates that the direct airborne transmission is the predominated route in short-term events.It suggests also that the general dilution ventilation has a relatively limited efficiency in mitigating the risk of direct airborne transmission,but determines largely the occurrence time of the indirect one.Given the randomness,discreteness,localization,and high-risk characteristics of direct airborne transmission,a localized method that has a direct interference on the respiratory flows would be better than dilution ventilation for short-term events,in terms of both efficiency and cost.

关键词： airborne transmission short-term events direct exposure transient computational fluid dynamics(CFD) exposure risk

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An enamel-inspired bioactive material with multiscale structure and antibacterial adhesion property

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Bioactive Materials 2022年第1期7卷 491-503页

作者： hai ming wong Yu Yuan Zhang Quan Li Li Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Faculty of DentistryThe University of Hong Kong34 Hospital RoadHong Kong Collage and Hospital of Stomatology Anhui Medical UniversityNo.69Meishan RoadHeifeiChina

Conventional dental materials lack of the hierarchical architecture of enamel that exhibits excellent intrinsic-extrinsic mechanical properties.Moreover,restorative failures frequently occur due to physical and chemical mismatch between artificial materials and native dental hard tissue followed by recurrent caries which is caused by sugar-fermenting,acidogenic bacteria invasion of the defective cite.In order to resolve the limitations of the conventional dental materials,the aim of this study was to establish a non-cell-based biomimetic strategy to fabricate a novel bioactive material with enamel-like structure and antibacterial adhesion property.The evaporation-based,bottom-up and self-assembly method with layer-by-layer technique were used to form a large-area fluorapatite crystal layer containing antibacterial components.The multilayered structure was constructed by hydrothermal growth of the fluorapatite crystal layer and highly conformal adsorption to the crystal surface of a polyelectrolyte matrix film.Characterization and mechanical assessment demonstrated that the synthesized bioactive material resembled the native enamel in chemical components,mechanical properties and crystallographic structure.Antibacterial and cytocompatibility evaluation demonstrated that this material had the antibacterial adhesion property and biocompatibility.In combination with the molecular dynamics simulations to reveal the effects of variables on the crystallization mechanism,this study brings new prospects for the synthesis of enamel-inspired materials.

关键词： Biomimetic mineralization Enamel-inspired material Bioactive material Graphene oxide Enamel-like structure

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Oxidized Dopamine Acrylamide Primer to Achieve Durable Resin-Dentin Bonding

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Research 2023年第4期2023卷 539-555页

作者： Leping Wu Hui Shao Yang Tao Jingya Wu Xinhui Wang Qiufeng Nian Shunli Zheng Chris Ying Cao Yuancong Zhao Zheng Zhou hai ming wong Quan-Li Li Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province College and Hospital of StomatologyAnhui Medical University81 Meishan RoadHefei 230032China The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University NanjingJiangsu 211100China Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials of Education Ministry School of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China School of Dentistry University of Detroit MercyDetroitMI 48208-2576USA Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong34 Hospital RoadThe Prince Philip Dental HospitalHong Kong 999077China

The durability of the resin-dentin bonding interface is a key issue in clinical esthetic dentistry.Inspired by the extraordinary bioadhesive properties of marine mussels in a wet environment,we designed and synthetized N-2-(3,4-dihydroxylphenyl)acrylamide(DAA)according to the functional domain of mussel adhesive proteins.DAA’s properties of collagen cross-linking,collagenase inhibition,inducing collagen mineralization in vitro,and as a novel prime monomer for clinical dentin adhesion use,its optimal parameters,and effect on the adhesive longevity and the bonding interface’s integrity and mineralization,were evaluated in vitro and in vivo.The results showed that oxide DAA can inhibit the activity of collagenase and cross collagen fibers to improve the anti-enzymatic hydrolysis of collagen fibers and induce intrafibrillar and interfibrillar collagen mineralization.As a primer used in the etch-rinse tooth adhesive system,oxide DAA can improve the durability and integrity of the bonding interface by anti-degradation and mineralization of the exposed collagen matrix.Oxidized DAA(OX-DAA)is a promising primer for improving dentin durability;using 5%OX-DAA ethanol solution and treating the etched dentin surface for 30 s is the optimal choice when used as a primer in the etch-rinse tooth adhesive system.

关键词： durability bonding interface

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Transfer of Highest Weight Modules and Small Unipotent Representations

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年第3期40卷 772-791页

作者： hai An HE Jing Song HUANG Kayue Daniel wong Department of Mathematics College of SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444P.R.China Newtouch Center for Mathematics of Shanghai University Shanghai 200444P.R.China Mathematics Research Center School of Science and EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhen 518172P.R.China

We study the transfer between small special unipotent representations for all equal rank real forms of type E_(6) and E_(7). As a consequence, one can verify these modules are unitarity using the results of Wallach an... 详细信息

关键词： Unipotent representations Wallach representations Transfer of unitary modules

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考虑砂浆随机分布的多孔沥青混合料黏附/黏聚失效行为

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交通运输工程学报 2024年第3期24卷 139-153页

作者：王晓威张一鸣王兴威任家兴杨旭黄育兆汪海年西安建筑科技大学土木工程学院陕西西安710055 新加坡南洋理工大学土木与环境工程学院新加坡639798 长安大学未来交通学院陕西西安710064 长安大学公路学院陕西西安710064

为获得更加真实的多孔沥青混合料(PAC)黏附/黏聚失效行为,提出了一种考虑砂浆随机分布的细观有限元建模方法;基于X射线CT扫描和图像处理技术量化了PAC的真实细观结构和砂浆分布,研究了砂浆的随机分布特性;通过可精确控制砂浆厚度的拉拔... 详细信息

为获得更加真实的多孔沥青混合料(PAC)黏附/黏聚失效行为,提出了一种考虑砂浆随机分布的细观有限元建模方法;基于X射线CT扫描和图像处理技术量化了PAC的真实细观结构和砂浆分布,研究了砂浆的随机分布特性;通过可精确控制砂浆厚度的拉拔试验评价了不同厚度砂浆的黏附/黏聚性能,确定了不同厚度砂浆对应的内聚力模型参数;在砂浆-集料边界和砂浆内部嵌入零厚度内聚力单元,并基于PAC内不同区域的砂浆厚度赋予该区域内聚力单元相应的模型参数,最终构建了考虑砂浆随机分布的细观有限元模型(模型A),研究了PAC黏附/黏聚失效行为的细观演化过程。研究结果表明:推荐将试件分割为36份用于表征砂浆的随机分布特性,砂浆厚度对其黏附/黏聚性能、失效模式以及内聚力模型参数具有显著影响,当砂浆厚度小于0.9 mm或在1.2~1.8 mm时为黏附失效,大于1.9 mm时为黏附-黏聚混合失效,其他厚度下为黏聚失效,且同一失效模式下,黏附/黏聚强度随着砂浆厚度的增大而增大;与不考虑砂浆随机分布的细观有限元模型(模型B)相比,模型A和B的起裂点均为黏附失效,但失效位置不同,模型B以单一的黏附失效为主,模型A表现出多种黏附/黏聚失效行为,与现场复杂的黏附/黏聚失效行为更加一致;砂浆的随机分布对PAC黏附/黏聚失效过程、应力分布、裂缝发展具有显著的影响,故考虑砂浆的随机分布能够更加准确地识别PAC黏附/黏聚失效的最不利位置,增大砂浆厚度能够延缓黏附/黏聚失效的扩展过程。

关键词：路面工程多孔沥青混合料黏附/黏聚失效随机分布细观有限元模型耐久性

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Assembly dynamics of East Asian subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests: New insights from the dominant Fagaceae trees

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2022年第11期64卷 2126-2134页

作者： Lisi hai Xiao-Qian Li Jing-Bo Zhang Xiao-Guo Xiang Rui-Qi Li Florian Jabbour Rosa del COrtiz An-ming Lu Zhi-Duan Chen Wei Wang State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecosystem Change and Biodiversity Institute of Life Science and School of Life SciencesNanchang UniversityNanchang 330031China Institut de Systématique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum national d'Histoire naturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitédes AntillesParis 75005France Missouri Botanical Garden St.LouisMissouri 63166‐0299USA

The dominant species of a biome can be regarded as its genuine indicator.Evergreen broadleaved forests(EBLFs) in subtropical East Asia harbor high levels of species biodiversity and endemism and are vital to regional carbon storage and cycling.However,the historical assembly of this unique biome is still controversial.Fagaceae is the most essential family in East Asian subtropical EBLFs and its dominant species are vital for the existence of this biome.Here,we used the dominant Fagaceae species to shed light on the dynamic process of East Asian subtropical EBLFs overtime.Our results indicate high precipitation in summer and low temperature in winter are the most influential climatic factors for the distribution of East Asian subtropical EBLFs.Modern East Asian subtropical EBLFs did not begin to appear until 23 Ma,subsequently experienced a longlasting development in the Miocene and markedly deteriorated at about 4 Ma,driven jointly by orogenesis and paleoclimate.We also document that there is a lag time between when one clade invaded the region and when its members become dominant species within the region.This study may improve our ability to predict and mitigate the threats to biodiversity of East Asian subtropical EBLFs and points to a new path for future studies involving multidisciplinary methods to explore the assembly of regional biomes.

关键词： biome climate change dominant species East Asia ecological niche modeling phylogeny

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Quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide Inhibits Mitochondria Pathway-mediated Platelet Apoptosis via the Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/AKT Pathway in Immunological Bone Marrow Failure

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World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2022年第1期8卷 115-122页

作者： Le-Min Xia Ai-Ping Zhang Qin Zheng Jie Ding Zhe Jin hai Yu Wan-Hui wong He-Ping Yu Department of Hematology Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai(Jing'an BranchHuashan HospitalFudan University)ShanghaiChina Department of Hematology Shanghai Bao'shan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine(Bao'shan Branch of Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine)ShanghaiChina Department of Hematology Laboratory Singapore General HospitalSingapore

Objective: Quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide(QG) can alleviate immunological bone marrow failure(BMF) by increasing platelet counts. However, the principal mechanism is less known. This study aimed at deciphering the possible underlying mechanism of QG that is indicated in thrombocytopenic purpura. Methods: In vitro and in vivo experiments were carried out for investigating the mechanism behind QG-facilitated inhibition of mitochondrial pathway-mediated excessive apoptosis of platelets through the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K)/AKT pathway. Results: Our results revealed that QG, the main effective ingredient of Herba Sarcandrae, increases the number of platelets and decreases the expression of Bax, Bad, Bid, and caspase-9 in immunological BMF, indicating the inhibition of mitochondrial pathway-mediated apoptosis. Moreover, we found that the protein and m RNA expressions, as well as the phosphorylated levels of PI3K and AKT, were increased significantly by QG, suggesting the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Furthermore, the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway by LY294002 antagonizes the effects of QG on platelet counts and mitochondrial pathway-mediated apoptosis. Conclusion: We demonstrate that QG inhibits the mitochondria pathway-mediated platelet apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT pathway in immunological BMF. This study thus sheds light on exploring the possible regulatory mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of thrombocytopenia induced by BMF.

关键词： Apoptosis mitochondrial pathway phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/AKT platelets Quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide

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Two-step gate-recess process combining selective wet-etching and digital wet-etching for InAIAs/InGaAs InP-based HEMTs

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017年第8期18卷 1180-1185页

作者： Ying-hui ZHONG Shu-xiang SUN Wen-bin wong hai-li WANG Xiao-ming LIU Zhi-yong DUAN Peng DING Zhi JIN School of Physics and Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

本文针对 InAlAs/InGaAs InP基高电子迁移率晶体管(High electron mobility transistors, HEMTs)提出了一种结合高选择性湿法腐蚀和非选择性数字湿法腐蚀的两步栅槽腐蚀工艺。通过采用丁二酸和双氧水(H-_2O_2)混合溶液,InGaAs 与 InAlAs... 详细信息

本文针对 InAlAs/InGaAs InP基高电子迁移率晶体管(High electron mobility transistors, HEMTs)提出了一种结合高选择性湿法腐蚀和非选择性数字湿法腐蚀的两步栅槽腐蚀工艺。通过采用丁二酸和双氧水(H-_2O_2)混合溶液,InGaAs 与 InAlAs 材料的腐蚀选择比可以超过 100。该选择性湿法腐蚀工艺在 InAlAs/InGaAs InP 基 HEMTs 栅槽工艺中得到了很好的验证,栅槽腐蚀会自动终止在 InAl As势垒层。本文通过分离氧化/去氧化过程开发了非选择性数字湿法腐蚀工艺,每个周期能除去 1.2 nm InAlAs材料。最终,两步栅槽腐蚀工艺被成功用于器件制备中,数字湿法腐蚀重复两个周期去掉约3 nm InAlAs 势垒层材料。通过该方法制备的 InP基 HEMTs 器件比只依靠选择性湿法腐蚀栅槽工艺制备出的器件具有更短的栅沟间距,表现出更好的有效跨导和射频特性。

关键词：高电子迁移率晶体管(High electron mobility transistors,HEMTs) 栅槽数字湿法腐蚀选择性湿法腐蚀

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High‑accuracy measurement of Compton scattering in germanium for dark matter searches

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2022年第12期33卷 75-87页

作者： hai‑Tao Jia Shin‑Ted Lin Shu‑Kui Liu Hsin‑Chang Chi Muhammed Deniz Chang‑Hao Fang Peng Gu Xi Jiang Yi‑Ke Shu Qian‑Yun Li Yu Liu Ren‑ming‑Jie Li Chen‑Kai Qiao Chang‑Jian Tang Henry Tsz‑King wong Hao‑Yang Xing Li‑Tao Yang Qian Yue Yu‑Lu Yan Kang‑Kang Zhao Jing‑Jun Zhu College of Physics Sichuan University610065 ChengduChina Department of Physics National Dong Hwa University97401 ShoufengHualienChina Department of Physics Dokuz Eylül University35160 BucaİzmirTurkey Institute of Physics Academia Sinica11529 TaipeiChina Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging(Ministry of Education)and Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua University100084 BeijingChina Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology Sichuan University610065 ChengduChina

Compton scattering with bound electrons contributes to a significant atomic effect in low-momentum transfer,yielding background structures in direct light dark matter searches as well as low-energy rare event experiments.We report the measurement of Compton scattering in low-momentum transfer by implementing a 10-g germanium detector bombarded by a^(137)Cs source with a radioactivity of 8.7 mCi and a scatter photon captured by a cylindrical NaI(Tl)detector.A fully relativistic impulse approximation combined with multi-configuration Dirac–Fock wavefunctions was evaluated,and the scattering function of Geant4 software was replaced by our calculation results.Our measurements show that the Livermore model with the modified scattering function in Geant4 is in good agreement with the experimental data.It is also revealed that atomic many-body effects significantly influence Compton scattering for low-momentum transfer(sub-keV energy transfer).

关键词： Compton scattering experiment Germanium detector Atomic many-body effects Geant4 Dark matter

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