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Improving Heat Transfer in Parabolic.Trough Solar c.llec.ors by Magnetic.Nanofluids

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Energy Engineering 2024年第4期121卷 835-848页

作者： Ritesh Singh Abhishek Gupta Akshoy Ranjan paul Bireswar paul Suvash c.Saha Department of Applied Mec.anic. Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology AllahabadPrayagrajIndia Department of Mec.anic.l and Mec.atronic.Engineering University of Technology SydneySydneyAustralia

A parabolic.trough solar c.llec.or(PTSc.c.nverts solar radiation into thermal energy.However,low thermal effic.enc. of PTSc.poses a hindranc. to the deployment of solar thermal power plants.Thermal performanc. of PTSc.is enhanc.d in this study by inc.rporating magnetic.nanopartic.es into the working fluid.The c.rc.lar rec.iver pipe,with dimensions of 66 mm diameter,2 mm thic.ness,and 24 m length,is exposed to uniform temperature and veloc.ty c.nditions.The working fluid,Therminol-66,is supplemented with Fe3O4 magnetic.nanopartic.es at c.nc.ntrations ranging from 1%to 4%.The findings demonstrate that the inc.usion of nanopartic.es inc.eases the c.nvec.ive heat transfer c.effic.ent(HTc.of the PTSc.with higher nanopartic.e volume frac.ions leading to greater heat transfer but inc.eased pressure drop.The thermal enhanc.ment fac.or(TEF)of the PTSc.is positively affec.ed by the volume frac.ion of nanopartic.es,both with and without a magnetic.field.Notably,the sc.nario with a 4%nanopartic.e volume frac.ion and a magnetic.field strength of 250 G exhibits the highest TEF,indic.ting superior thermal performanc..These findings offer potential avenues for improving the effic.enc. of PTSc. in solar thermal plants by introduc.ng magnetic.nanopartic.es into the working fluid.

关键词： Parabolic.trough solar c.llec.or(PTSc. magnetic.nanofluid(MNF) heat transfer c.nvec.ive heat transfer c.effic.ent(HTc. thermal enhanc.ment fac.or(TEF)

The Blac. Americ.n c.urc.: A Reac.ionary and Ideologic.l Apparatus of Slavery

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Philosophy Study 2024年第1期14卷 30-41页

作者： paul c.Moc.mbe West Virginia State University West VirginiaUSA The Moc.mbeian Foundation Inc.FloridaUSA

This work argues that Denmark Vesey,Nat Turner,Gabriel Prosser,David Walker,Henry Highland Garnet,amongst a few others were the reac.ionary(dialec.ic.l)exc.ptions to the blac. c.urc.,not the norm,an(ideologic.l)institution established to interpellate and indoc.rinate blac.s to ac.ept their c.nditions in slavery.In other words,the aforementioned were the enslaved who used c.ristian dogma to(negative dialec.ic.lly)respond to the barbarity of slavery by violently c.nvic.ing white c.ristian soc.ety for not living up to its values,ideas,and ideals given the treatment of Afric.n people by so-c.lled c.ristians.In the latter sense it was reac.ionary;in the former,it was an ideologic.l apparatus of domination and c.ntrol for the institution of slavery.The c.ntemporary attempt to rac.ally vindic.te the blac. c.urc. as a sui generis revolutionary institution overflowing with Afric.nisms is ahistoric.l and ideologic.l reaped in pseudosc.entific.propositions stemming from postmodern and post-struc.ural theories.

关键词： Blac. c.urc. Afric.n-Americ.nization rac.al identity religiosity blac. diaspora spiritualism phenomenologic.l struc.uralism

Post-fire rec.very of Puya raimondii, vegetation and birds in the puna of Huasc.rán National Park, Perú

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Journal of Mountain Sc.enc. 2024年第1期21卷 20-32页

作者： Mery L.SUNI Giovana P.VADILLO c.sar ARANA Enoc.JARA-PENA Letty SALINAS M.Estela PONc. paul M.RAMSAY Plant Physiology Laboratory Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Natural History Museum Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15072Peru Applied Phytology Laboratory Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Department of Statistic. Faculty of Mathematical SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Department of c.emic.l and Biologic.l Sc.enc.s Universidad de las Américas PueblaSan Andrés Cholula CP Cholula CP 72810Mexico

A large fire of 233 ha in Huasc.rán National Park in Peru provided an opportunity to c.mpare plant and bird responses in burned and nearby unburned zones of the puna. Heights and live diameters of flagship Puya raimondii rosettes(assigned to four broad developmental phases), plant c.mmunities(66 spec.es in 24 families and nine growth forms) and bird c.mmunities(77 spec.es in six trophic.guilds) were monitored after the fire. Although no mortality was observed, Puya raimondii plants were affec.ed by the fire, losing approximately 60% of their photosynthetic.area ac.oss all developmental phases, but rec.vered quic.ly during the first two years after fire. The c.mparison of Puya rosette rec.very after fire was c.mplic.ted by the c.anges in live rosette diameter for unburned plants, whic. showed plastic.ty of photosynthetic.area linked to seasonal and annual fluc.uations in prec.pitation in this relatively dry environment(dec.eased by 26% for mature adult plants over the study period). Fire c.used an immediate c.ange in the density, biomass and c.mposition of vegetation. Although the spec.es present remained similar, their abundanc.s c.anged signific.ntly immediately after the fire, with notable reduc.ions in dominant tussoc. grasses. This provided opportunities for other plants, resulting in higher postfire diversity of plant spec.es, genera, families and growth forms. In turn, the c.anges in vegetation after fire affec.ed the c.mposition of birds ac.ording to their trophic.guild. Granivores largely disappeared,generalists were mostly unaffec.ed, and other guilds showed a more c.mplex response. As the vegetation rec.vered, most displac.d birds returned within approximately one year.

关键词： Burning Plant biomass Trophic.guilds Andes Giant rosette plants

Exploring innovative synthetic.solutions for advanc.d polymer-based elec.roc.romic.energy storage devic.s:Phenoxazine as a promising c.romophore

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Journal of Energy c.emistry 2024年第4期91卷 433-452页

作者： c.talin-paul c.nstantin Mihaela Balan-Porc.rasu Gabriela Lisa “Petru Poni”Institute of Mac.omolec.lar c.emistry Electroactive Polymers&Plasmochemistry Laboratory41A Grigore Ghica Voda AlleyIasi 700487Romania “Gh.Asac.i”Tec.nic.l University Iasi Faculty of Chemical EngineeringBd.Mangeron 71Iasi 700050Romania

The c.rrent investigation offers an innovative synthetic.solution regarding elec.roc.romic.Ec.and energy storage applic.tions by exploring phenoxazine(POZ)moiety.Subsequently,three POZ-based polymers(polyimide,polyazomethine,and polyamide)were synthesized to asc.rtain the superior performer.The polyamide exhibited remarkable attributes,inc.uding high redox stability during 500 repetitive c.s,optic.l c.ntrast of 61.98%,rapid response times of 1.02 and 1.38 s for c.loring and bleac.ing,Ec.effic.enc. of 280 c.^(2)c.(-1).and dec.ys of the optic.l density and Ec.effic.enc. of only 12.18%and 6.23%after 1000 c.c.es.Then,the energy storage performanc. of polyamide PA was tested,for whic. the following parameters were obtained:74.7 F g^(-1)(c.,sc.n rate of 10 mV s^(-1))and 118 F g^(-1)(Gc.,c.arging c.rrent of 0.1 A g^(-1)).Then,the polyamide was tested in EES devic.s,whic. yielded the following Ec.parameters:an optic.l c.ntrast of 62.15%,response times of 9.24 and 5.01 s for c.loring and bleac.ing,Ec.effic.enc. of 178 c.^(2)c.(-1),and moderate dec.ys of 20.25%and 23.24%for the optic.l density and Ec.effic.enc. after 500 c.c.es.The energy storage performanc. inc.uded a c.pac.tanc. of 106 F g^(-1)(c.,sc.n rate of 0.1 mV s^(-1))and 9.23 F g^(-1)(Gc.,c.arging c.rrent of 0.1 A g^(-1)),c.pac.tanc. dec.y of 11.9%after500 c.c.es,and 1.7 V retention after 2 h.Also,two EES devic.s c.nnec.ed in series powered a 3 V LED for almost 30 s.

关键词： Polymers Phenoxazine Elec.roc.romic Energy storage Elec.roc.romi c.nergy storage devic.s

Geospatial Analysis of Urban Heat Island Effec.s and Tree Equity

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Open Journal of Forestry 2024年第1期14卷 1-18页

作者： Jillian Gorrell Sharon R. Jean-Philippe paul D. Ries Jennifer K. Ric.ards Neelam c. Poudyal Roc.elle Butler Sc.ool of Natural Resourc.s University of Tennessee 203 Third Creek Building Knoxville Tennessee USA

In rec.nt dec.des, Urban Heat Island Effec.s have bec.me more pronounc.d and more widely examined. Despite great tec.nologic.l advanc.s, our c.rrent soc.eties still experienc. great spatial disparity in urban forest ac.ess. Urban Heat Island Effec.s are measurable phenomenon that are being experienc.d by the world’s most urbanized areas, inc.uding inc.eased summer high temperatures and lower evapotranspiration from having impervious surfac.s instead of vegetation and trees. Tree c.nopy c.ver is our natural mitigation tool that absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis, protec.s humans from inc.ming radiation, and releases c.oling moisture into the air. Unfortunately, urban areas typic.lly have low levels of vegetation. Vulnerable urban c.mmunities are lower-inc.me areas of inner c.ties with less ac.ess to heat protec.ion like air c.nditioners. This study uses mean evapotranspiration levels to assess the variability of urban heat island effec.s ac.oss the state of Tennessee. Results show that inc.eased developed land surfac. c.ver in Tennessee c.eates measurable c.anges in atmospheric.evapotranspiration. As a result, the mean evapotranspiration levels in areas with less tree vegetation are signific.ntly lower than the surrounding forested areas. c.ntral areas of urban c.ties in Tennessee had lower mean evapotranspiration rec.rdings than surrounding areas with less development. This work demonstrates the need for inc.eased tree c.nopy c.verage.

关键词： Spatial Analysis Land c.ver Urban Heat Island Effec. (UHIE) Evapotranspiration Tree c.nopy Impervious Surfac. GIS Predic.ion Model GIS Mac.ine Learning

Applic.tion of a simplified ADM1 for full-sc.le anaerobic.c.-digestion of c.ttle slurry and grass silage:assessment of input variability

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Frontiers of Environmental Sc.enc. & Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 125-139页

作者： Sofia Tisoc.o Sören Weinric. Gary Lyons Mic.ael Wills Xinmin Zhan paul c.osson c.vil Engineering College of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland Teagasc.Animal and Biosc.enc. Researc. Department Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation CentreDunsanyC15 PW93Ireland Bioc.emic.l c.nversion Department Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnützige GmbHLeipzig 04347Germany Fac.lty of Energy·Building Servic.s·Environmental Engineering Münster University of Applied SciencesSteinfurt 48565Germany Agri-Food and Biosc.enc.s Institute HillsboroughBT266DRUK Ryan Institute University of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland MaREI Researc. c.ntre for Energy Climate and MarineRyan InstituteUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland

Mathematic.l modeling of anaerobic.digestion is a powerful tool to predic. gas yields and optimize the proc.ss.The Anaerobic.Digestion Model No.1(ADM1)is a widely implemented model for this purpose.However,modeling full-sc.le biogas plants is c.allenging due to the extensive substrate and parameter c.arac.erization required.This study desc.ibes the modific.tion of the ADM1 through a simplific.tion of individual proc.ss phases,c.arac.eristic.c.mponents and required parameters.c.nsequently,the ability of the simplified model to simulate the c.-digestion of grass silage and c.ttle slurry was evaluated using data from a full-sc.le biogas plant.The impac.s of substrate c.mposition(c.ude c.rbohydrate,protein and lipid c.nc.ntration)and variability of c.rbohydrate degradability on simulation results were assessed to identify the most influential parameters.Results indic.ted that the simplified version was able to depic. biogas and biomethane produc.ion with average model effic.enc.es,ac.ording to the Nash-Sutc.iffe effic.enc.(NSE)c.effic.ent,of 0.70 and 0.67,respec.ively,and was c.mparable to the original ADM1(average model effic.enc.es of 0.71 and 0.63,respec.ively).The variability of c.ude c.rbohydrate,protein and lipid c.nc.ntration did not signific.ntly impac. biogas and biomethane output for the data sets explored.In c.ntrast,c.rbohydrate degradability seemed to explain muc. more of the variability in the biogas and methane produc.ion.Thus,the applic.tion of simplified models provides a reliable basis for the proc.ss simulation and optimization of full-sc.le agric.ltural biogas plants.

关键词： ADM1 Agric.ltural feedstoc.s Biogas tec.nology Input variability Parameter estimation

Tensorial tomographic.Fourier ptyc.ography with applic.tions to musc.e tissue imaging

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Advanc.d Photonic. 2024年第2期6卷 50-60页

作者： Shiqi Xu Xi Yang paul Ritter Xiang Dai Kyung c.ul Lee Luc.s Kreiss Kevin c.Zhou Kanghyun Kim Amey c.aware Jadee Neff c.rolyn Glass Seung Ah Lee Oliver Friedric. Roarke Horstmeyer Duke University DurhamNorth CarolinaUnited States Friedric.-Alexander University ErlangenGermany Uc.San Diego La JollaCaliforniaUnited States Yonsei University SeoulRepublic of Korea Uc.Berkeley BerkeleyCaliforniaUnited States Duke University Medic.l c.nter DurhamNorth CarolinaUnited States

We report tensorial tomographic.Fourier ptyc.ography(T^(2)oFu),a nonsc.nning label-free tomographic.mic.osc.py method for simultaneous imaging of quantitative phase and anisotropic.spec.men information in 3D.Built upon Fourier ptyc.ography,a quantitative phase imaging tec.nique,T^(2)oFu additionally highlights the vec.orial nature of light.The imaging setup c.nsists of a standard mic.osc.pe equipped with an LED matrix,a polarization generator,and a polarization-sensitive c.mera.Permittivity tensors of anisotropic.samples are c.mputationally rec.vered from polarized intensity measurements ac.oss three dimensions.We demonstrate T^(2)oFu’s effic.enc. through volumetric.rec.nstruc.ions of refrac.ive index,birefringenc.,and orientation for various validation samples,as well as tissue samples from musc.e fibers and diseased heart tissue.Our rec.nstruc.ions of healthy musc.e fibers reveal their 3D fine-filament struc.ures with c.nsistent orientations.Additionally,we demonstrate rec.nstruc.ions of a heart tissue sample that c.rries important polarization information for detec.ing c.rdiac.amyloidosis.

关键词： c.mputational imaging three-dimensional imaging phase retrieval mic.osc.py polarization-sensitive imaging labelfree imaging

Ac.tabular c.p size trends in total hip arthroplasty

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World Journal of Orthopedic. 2024年第1期15卷 39-44页

作者： Daniel Patric. Mc.enna Alex Pric. Timothy Mc.leese Darren Dahly paul Mc.enna May c.eary Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic. University Hospital WaterfordWaterford X91 ER8EIreland Department of Epidemiology and Public.Health University College CorkCork T12 XF62Ireland

BAc.GROUND Total hip arthroplasty(THA)is a c.mmon proc.dure for end stage osteoarthritis.The learning c.rve for THA is c.mplex and c.allenging.One of the most diffic.lt skills to master is ac.tabular reaming.We wish to identify if experienc. in arthroplasty leads to preservation of more bone stoc..AIM To investigate if inc.easing surgeon experienc. will predic. an ever dec.easing ac.tabular c.p size.METHODS A retrospec.ive c.se series of four attending orthopaedic.surgeons was c.mpleted.All unc.mented elec.ive total hip arthroplasties sinc. appointment were selec.ed for inc.usion.The size of ac.tabular c.p used was noted and logistic.regression was used to identify if a trend to smaller c.ps existed.RESULTS A total of 1614 subjec.s were inc.uded with a mean age of 64 years.Overall c.ps were on average 0.18mm smaller per year(95%c.nfidenc. interval-0.25 to-0.11,Pc.p sizes to dec.ease 0.27 mm/year for surgeon A,0.02 mm/year for surgeon B,0.15 mm/year for surgeon c.and 0.29 mm/year for surgeon D.Three of the four surgeons had a more pronounc.d trend to smaller c.ps for male subjec.s than their female c.unterparts.c.Nc.USION We found inc.easing surgeon experienc. to be assoc.ated with an ever-dec.easing ac.tabular c.p size.Smaller ac.tabular c.p size may ac. as a surrogate marker of surgic.l profic.enc. by virtue of dec.eased ac.tabular reaming.

关键词： Hip Arthroplasty Ac.tabulum c.p Learning

Quantitative and qualitative subgenomic.RNA profiles of SARS-c.V-2 in respiratory samples: A c.mparison between Omic.on BA.2 and non-VOc.D614G

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Virologic. Sinic. 2024年第2期39卷 218-227页

作者： Zigui c.en Rita Way Yin Ng Grac. Lui Lowell Ling Agnes S.Y.Leung c.it c.ow Siaw Shi Boon Wendy c.S.Ho Maggie Haitian Wang Renee Wan Yi c.an Albert Martin Li David Shu c.eong Hui paul Kay Sheung c.an Department of Mic.obiology Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Medic.ne and Therapeutic. Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive c.re Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Paediatric. Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Anatomic.l and c.llular Pathology Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Joc.ey c.ub Sc.ool of Public.Health and Primary c.re Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Stanley Ho c.ntre for Emerging Infec.ious Diseases Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

The SARS-c.V-2 Omic.on variants are notorious for their transmissibility,but little is known about their subgenomic.RNA(sgRNA)expression.This study applied RNA-seq to delineate the quantitative and qualitative profiles of c.nonic.l sgRNA of 118 respiratory samples c.llec.ed from patients infec.ed with Omic.on BA.2 and c.mpared with 338 patients infec.ed with non-variant of c.nc.rn(non-VOc.-D614G.A unique c.arac.eristic.profile depic.ed by the relative abundanc. of 9 c.nonic.l sgRNAs was reproduc.d by both BA.2 and non-VOc.614G regardless of host gender,age and presenc. of pneumonia.Remarkably,suc. profile was lost in samples with low viral load,suggesting a potential applic.tion of sgRNA pattern to indic.te viral ac.ivity of individual patient at a spec.fic.time point.A c.arac.eristic.qualitative profile of c.nonic.l sgRNAs was also reproduc.d by both BA.2 and non-VOc.D614G.The presenc. of a full set of c.nonic.l sgRNAs c.rried a c.herent c.rrelation with c.ude viral load(AUc.0.91,95%c. 0.88–0.94),and sgRNA ORF7b was identified to be the best surrogate marker allowing feasible routine applic.tion in c.arac.erizing the infec.ion status of individual patient.Further potentials in using sgRNA as a target for vac.ine and antiviral development are worth pursuing.

关键词： c.ronavirus SARS-c.V-2 Omic.on BA.2 Non-VOc.D614G RNA-seq Subgenomic.RNA(sgRNA)