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Elevating Image Steganography:A Fusion of MSB Matching and LSB Substitution for Enhanced Concealment Capabilities

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 2923-2943页

作者： Muhammad Zaman ali Omer Riaz hafiz Muhammad Hasnain waqas Sharif Tenvir ali Gyu Sang Choi Department of Information Technology The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur63100Pakistan Department of Computer Science The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur63100Pakistan School of Computer Science and Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongbuk38541Korea

In today’s rapidly evolving landscape of communication technologies,ensuring the secure delivery of sensitive data has become an essential priority.To overcome these difficulties,different steganography and data encryption methods have been proposed by researchers to secure communications.Most of the proposed steganography techniques achieve higher embedding capacities without compromising visual imperceptibility using LSB substitution.In this work,we have an approach that utilizes a combinationofMost SignificantBit(MSB)matching andLeast Significant Bit(LSB)substitution.The proposed algorithm divides confidential messages into pairs of bits and connects them with the MSBs of individual pixels using pair matching,enabling the storage of 6 bits in one pixel by modifying a maximum of three bits.The proposed technique is evaluated using embedding capacity and Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio(PSNR)score,we compared our work with the Zakariya scheme the results showed a significant increase in data concealment capacity.The achieved results of ourwork showthat our algorithmdemonstrates an improvement in hiding capacity from11%to 22%for different data samples while maintaining a minimumPeak Signal-to-Noise Ratio(PSNR)of 37 dB.These findings highlight the effectiveness and trustworthiness of the proposed algorithm in securing the communication process and maintaining visual integrity.

关键词： Steganography most significant bit(MSB) least significant bit(LSB) peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)

Experimental Study on Heat Storage Properties Comparison of Paraffin/Metal Foams Phase Change Material Composites

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 469-478页

作者： Waqar AHMED Abid HUSSAIN Hanzla SHAHID Imran ali hafiz Muhammad ali Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila47080Pakistan Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute of Space TechnologyIslamabadPakistan Department of Mechanical Mechatronics and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversity of Engineering and Technology LahoreFaisalabad CampusPunjabPakistan Mechanical Engineering Department King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahran31261Saudi Arabia Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power Systems(IRC-REPS) King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahran31261Saudi Arabia

Heat storage properties of phase change materials(PCMs) are essential characteristics that perform a key role in thermal heat energy storage systems.The thermal properties of PCMs can be improved by developing metal foam/PCM composites.The addition of metal foam in PCMs has a significant effect on the thermal characteristics of PCMs.In this paper,the heat storage properties of two different metal foam/PCM composites were experimentally examined.The behavior of paraffin in metal foam(copper and iron-nickel)/paraffin composites concerning pure paraffin at a constant heat flux of 1000 W/m^(2) in three directions simultaneously(x,y,and z) was studied.Paraffin was infiltrated into copper and iron-nickel foams to develop composite materials which resulted in enhancing the thermal conductivity of the paraffin.A comparative analysis is made on the heat storage properties of paraffin in copper and iron-nickel foams/paraffin composites.Inner temperature distribution during the phase transition process is experimentally evaluated.This comparison indicates that temperature uniformity in copper foam/paraffin composite is better than in iron-nickel foam/paraffin composite and pure paraffin at the same heat flux.Experimental results show that at heat flux of 1000 W/m^(2),the heat storage time for copper foam/paraffin composite is 20.63% of that of iron-nickel foam/paraffin composite.

关键词： heat storage capacity paraffin/metal foam composite temperature uniformity heat storage rate phase transition process

Association between acute peripancreatic fluid collections and early readmission in acute pancreatitis:A propensity-matched analysis

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine 2024年第2期14卷 75-88页

作者： Hassam ali Faisal Inayat waqas Rasheed Arslan Afzal Ahtshamullah Chaudhry Pratik Patel Attiq Ur Rehman Muhammad Sajeel Anwar Gul Nawaz Muhammad Sohaib Afzal Amir H Sohail Subanandhini Subramanium Dushyant Singh Dahiya Deepa Budh Babu P Mohan Douglas G Adler Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology East Carolina University Brody School of MedicineGreenvilleNC 27834United States Department of Internal Medicine Allama Iqbal Medical CollegeLahorePunjab 54550Pakistan Department of Internal Medicine Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterLubbockTX 79430United States Department of Internal Medicine St.Dominic’s HospitalJacksonMS 39216United States Department of Gastroenterology Mather Hospital and Hofstra University Zucker School of MedicinePort JeffersonNY 11777United States Department of Hepatology Geisinger Wyoming Valley Medical CenterWilkes-BarrePA 18711United States Department of Internal Medicine UHS Wilson Medical CenterJohnson CityNY 13790United States Department of Internal Medicine Louisiana State University HealthShreveportLA 71103United States Department of Surgery University of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNM 87106United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatologyand MotilityThe University of Kansas School of MedicineKansas CityKS 64108United States Department of Internal Medicine St.Barnabas Hospital and Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY 10457United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUT 84132United States Center for Advanced Therapeutic Endoscopy Porter Adventist HospitalCentura HealthDenverCO 80210United States

BACKGROUND Patients with acute pancreatitis(AP)frequently experience hospital readmissions,posing a significant burden to healthcare systems.Acute peripancreatic fluid collection(APFC)may negatively impact the clinical course of AP.It could worsen symptoms and potentially lead to additional complications.However,clinical evidence regarding the specific association between APFC and early readmission in AP remains scarce.Understanding the link between APFC and readmission may help improve clinical care for AP patients and reduce healthcare costs.AIM To evaluate the association between APFC and 30-day readmission in patients with AP.METHODS This retrospective cohort study is based on the Nationwide Readmission Database for 2016-2019.Patients with a primary diagnosis of AP were identified.Participants were categorized into those with and without APFC.A 1:1 propensity score matching for age,gender,and Elixhauser comorbidities was performed.The primary outcome was early readmission rates.Secondary outcomes included the incidence of inpatient complications and healthcare utilization.Unadjusted analyses used Mann-Whitney U andχ2 tests,while Cox regression models assessed 30-day readmission risks and reported them as adjusted hazard ratios(aHR).Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests verified readmission risks.RESULTS A total of 673059 patients with the principal diagnosis of AP were included.Of these,5.1%had APFC on initial admission.After propensity score matching,each cohort consisted of 33914 patients.Those with APFC showed a higher incidence of inpatient complications,including septic shock(3.1%vs 1.3%,P<0.001),portal venous thrombosis(4.4%vs 0.8%,P<0.001),and mechanical ventilation(1.8%vs 0.9%,P<0.001).The length of stay(LOS)was longer for APFC patients[4(3-7)vs 3(2-5)days,P<0.001],as were hospital charges($29451 vs$24418,P<0.001).For 30-day readmissions,APFC patients had a higher rate(15.7%vs 6.5%,P<0.001)and a longer median readmission LOS(4 vs 3 days,P<0.001).The APFC group also had higher readmission charges($282

关键词： Acute pancreatitis Acute peripancreatic fluid collections Readmission predictors Inpatient complications Healthcare utilization and costs

Sepsis during short bowel syndrome hospitalizations:Identifying trends,disparities,and clinical outcomes in the United States

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2024年第1期15卷 26-36页

作者： Dushyant Singh Dahiya Jennifer Wachala Shantanu Solanki Dhanshree Solanki Asim Kichloo Samantha Holcomb Uvesh Mansuri Khwaja Saad Haq Hassam ali Manesh Kumar Gangwani Yash R Shah Teresa Varghese hafiz Muzaffar Akbar Khan Simon Peter Horslen Thomas D Schiano Syed-Mohammed Jafri Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology&MotilityThe University of Kansas School of MedicineKansas CityKS 66160United States Department of Internal Medicine Samaritan Medical CenterWatertownNY 13601United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology&Nutrition The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX 77030United States Department of Medicine Institute for Foreign Medical Graduate EducationHoustonTX 77030United States Department of Internal Medicine MedStar Harbor HospitalBaltimoreMD 21225United States Department of Internal Medicine WellStar Spalding Regional HospitalGriffinGA 30224United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionEast Carolina University/Brody School of MedicineGreenvilleNC 27858United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR 72205United States Department of Internal Medicine Trinity Health Oakland/Wayne State UniversityPontiacMI 48341United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology SUNY Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNY 13210United States Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine and UPMC Children’s Hospital of PittsburghUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15219United States Division of Liver Diseases Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY 10029United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Henry Ford HospitalDetroitMI 48202United States

BACKGROUND Short bowel syndrome(SBS)hospitalizations are often complicated with sepsis.There is a significant paucity of data on adult SBS hospitalizations in the United States and across the globe.AIM To assess trends and outcomes of SBS hospitalizations complicated by sepsis in the United States.METHODS The National Inpatient Sample was utilized to identify all adult SBS hospitalizations between 2005-2014.The study cohort was further divided based on the presence or absence of sepsis.Trends were identified,and hospitalization characteristics and clinical outcomes were compared.Predictors of mortality for SBS hospitalizations complicated with sepsis were assessed.RESULTS Of 247097 SBS hospitalizations,21.7%were complicated by sepsis.Septic SBS hospitalizations had a rising trend of hospitalizations from 20.8%in 2005 to 23.5%in 2014(P trendalizations,septic SBS hospitalizations had a higher proportion of males(32.8%vs 29.3%,Palizations had a higher proportion of patients with intestinal transplantation(0.33%vs 0.22%,Pality(8.5%vs 1.4%,Pality for septic SBS hospitalizations.CONCLUSION Septic SBS hospitalizations had a rising trend between 2005-2014 and were associated with higher inpatient mortality compared to non-septic SBS hospitalizations.

关键词： Short bowel syndrome Sepsis Outcomes Mortality Trends

N-Body Simulation Inspired by Metaheuristics Optimization

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第6期41卷 1143-1155页

作者： Muhammad ali Ismail Maria waqas Farah Sadiq National Center in Big Data and Cloud Computing Department of Computer and Info Systems EngineeringNED University of Engineering and TechnologyKarachiPakistan

The N-body problem in classical physics, is the calculation of force ofgravitational attraction of heavenly bodies towards each other. Solving this problem for many heavenly bodies has always posed a challenge to physicists andmathematicians. Large number of bodies, huge masses, long distances and exponentially increasing number of equations of motion of the bodies have been themajor hurdles in solving this problem for large and complex galaxies. Adventof high performance computational machines have mitigated the problem to muchextent, but still for large number of bodies it consumes huge amount of resourcesand days for computation. Conventional algorithms have been able to reduce thecomputational complexity from O n2 ð Þ to O nlogn ð Þ by splitting the space into atree or mesh network, researchers are still looking for improvements. In thisresearch work we propose a novel solution to N-body problem inspired by metaheuristics algorithms. The proposed algorithm is simulated for various time periods of selected heavenly bodies and analyzed for speed and accuracy. Theresults are compared with that of conventional algorithms. The outcomes showabout 50% time saving with almost no loss in accuracy. The proposed approachbeing a metaheuristics optimization technique, attempts to find optimal solution tothe problem, searching the entire space in a unique and efficient manner in a verylimited amount of time.

关键词： N-body problem metaheuristics optimization particle swarm optimization heavenly bodies

Wireless Energy Harvesting Using Rectenna Integrated with Voltage Multiplier Circuit at 2.4 GHz Operating Frequency

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2022年第3期10卷 22-34页

作者： waqas ali hafiz Subbyal Liguo Sun Shahana Shamoon School of Information Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China

In this paper, we utilized villared rectifier technique to harvest wireless energy to overcome previously used RF-WEH rectenna. Our design focuses mainly on a multiple-stage Villard voltage multiplier model to rectify the output voltage of the rectenna and transferred it to a dc load. As a starting point, optimization and parameter analysis offer a novel and small antenna for the 2.45 GHz ISM band that precisely matched. Moreover, the fabricated prototype has measured and simulated results have confirmed the antenna’s accuracy in the reflection coefficient. Second, a highly efficient antenna may effectively harvest the electrical energy by combining with the two-stage voltage multiplier circuit presented at the ISM band. Furthermore, the proposed rectenna has the optimum performance compared to state of art rectennas in terms of efficiency, power range, and impedance bandwidth showing pronounced achievement and increasing the DC output power significantly. The prototype is fabricated and experimentally tested to confirm the concept. Measurement results show that the proposed rectenna can be used for RF energy harvesting applications.

关键词： Energy Harvesting Radio Frequency Rectenna Industrial Scientific Medical(ism) Band Wireless Power Transfer

Tribological Performance of Different Concentrations of Al_(2)O_(3)Nanofluids on Minimum Quantity Lubrication Milling

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2023年第4期36卷 67-78页

作者： Xiufang Bai Juan Jiang Changhe Li Lan Dong hafiz Muhammad ali Shubham Sharma School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Qingdao University of TechnologyQingdao 266520China School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Qingdao Binhai UniversityQingdao 266555China Mechanical Engineering Department King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahran 31261Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical Engineering IK Gujral Punjab Technical UniversityMain Campus-KapurthalaJalandhar 144603India

Nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication(NMQL)is a green processing technology.Cottonseed oil is suitable as base oil because of excellent lubrication performance,low freezing temperature,and high yield.Al_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles improve not only the heat transfer capacity but also the lubrication performance.The physical and chemical proper-ties of nanofluid change when Al_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles are added.However,the effects of the concentration of nanofluid on lubrication performance remain unknown.Furthermore,the mechanisms of interaction between Al_(2)O_(3)nanoparti-cles and cottonseed oil are unclear.In this research,nanofluid is prepared by adding different mass concentrations of Al_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles(0,0.2%,0.5%,1%,1.5%,and 2%wt)to cottonseed oil during minimum quantity lubrication(MQL)milling 45 steel.The tribological properties of nanofluid with different concentrations at the tool/workpiece interface are studied through macro-evaluation parameters(milling force,specific energy)and micro-evaluation parameters(surface roughness,micro morphology,contact angle).The result show that the specific energy is at the minimum(114 J/mm^(3)),and the roughness value is the lowest(1.63μm)when the concentration is 0.5 wt%.The surfaces of the chip and workpiece are the smoothest,and the contact angle is the lowest,indicating that the tribological proper-ties are the best under 0.5 wt%.This research investigates the intercoupling mechanisms of Al_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles and cottonseed base oil,and acquires the optimal Al_(2)O_(3)nanofluid concentration to receive satisfactory tribological properties.

关键词： Milling Al_(2)O_(3)nanofluid Minimum quantity lubrication(MQL) Surface micromorphology

Numerical computation of Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects on rotational micropolar nanomaterials with activation energy

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Propulsion and Power Research 2023年第3期12卷 397-409页

作者： Hassan waqas Shan ali Khan Bagh ali Dong Liu Taseer Muhammad Enran Hou School of Energy and Power Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Department of Mathematics Government College University FaisalabadLayyah Campus 31200Pakistan Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Superior UniversityLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Mathematics College of SciencesKing Khalid UniversityAbha 61413Saudi Arabia College of Mathematics Huaibei Normal UniversityHuaibei 235000China

The current article investigates the numerical study of the micropolar nanofluid flow through a 3D rotating surface.This communication may manipulate for the aim such as the delivery of the drug,cooling of electronic chips,nanoscience and the fields of nanotechnology.The impact of heat source/sink is employed.Brownian motion and thermophoresis aspects are discussed.The rotating sheet with the impacts of Darcy-Forchheimer law is also scrutinized.Furthermore,the influence of activation energy is analyzed in the current article.The numerical analysis is simplified with the help of befitted resemblance transformations.The succor of the shooting algorithm with built-in solver bvp4c MATLAB software is used for the numerical solution of nonlinear transformed equations.The consequences of different physical factors on the physical engineering quantities and the subjective fields were examined and presented.According to outcomes,it can be analyzed that the flow profile declined with the rotational parameter.It is observed that angular velocity diminishes via a larger porosity parameter.Furthermore,the temperature gradient is declined via a larger magnitude of the Prandtl number.The heat transfer is enhanced in the occurrence of Brownian motion.The activations energy parameter causes an increment in the volumetric concentration field.Moreover,the local Nusselt number is reduced via a greater estimation of the porosity parameter.

关键词： Micropolar nanofluid flow Darcy-Forchheimer law Heat source/sink Activation energy Bvp4c

Machine Learning Based Psychotic Behaviors Prediction from Facebook Status Updates

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第8期72卷 2411-2427页

作者： Mubashir ali Anees Baqir hafiz Husnain Raza Sherazi Asad Hussain Asma Hassan Alshehri Muhammad ali Imran Department of Management Information and Production EngineeringUniversity of BergamoBergamo24129Italy Department of Environmental Sciences Informatics and StatisticsCa’Foscari University of VeniceVenice30123Italy School of Computing and Engineering University of West LondonLondonW55RFUK Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences University of BergamoBergamo24129Italy Durma College of Science and Humanities Shaqra UniversityShaqra11961Saudi Arabia School of Engineering University of GlasgowGlasgowG128QQUK

With the advent of technological advancements and the widespread Internet connectivity during the last couple of decades,social media platforms(such as Facebook,Twitter,and Instagram)have consumed a large proportion of time in our daily lives.People tend to stay alive on their social media with recent updates,as it has become the primary source of interactionwithin social circles.Although social media platforms offer several remarkable features but are simultaneously prone to various critical vulnerabilities.Recent studies have revealed a strong correlation between the usage of social media and associated mental health issues consequently leading to depression,anxiety,suicide commitment,and mental disorder,particularly in the young adults who have excessively spent time on socialmedia which necessitates a thorough psychological analysis of all these platforms.This study aims to exploit machine learning techniques for the classification of psychotic issues based on Facebook status updates.In this paper,we start with depression detection in the first instance and then expand on analyzing six other psychotic issues(e.g.,depression,anxiety,psychopathic deviate,hypochondria,unrealistic,and hypomania)commonly found in adults due to extreme use of social media networks.To classify the psychotic issues with the user’s mental state,we have employed different Machine Learning(ML)classifiers i.e.,Random Forest(RF),Support Vector Machine(SVM),Naïve Bayes(NB),and K-Nearest Neighbor(KNN).The used ML models are trained and tested by using different combinations of features selection techniques.To observe themost suitable classifiers for psychotic issue classification,a cost-benefit function(sometimes termed as‘Suitability’)has been used which combines the accuracy of the model with its execution time.The experimental evidence argues that RF outperforms its competitor classifiers with the unigram feature set.

关键词： Psychotic behaviors mental health socialmedia machine learning