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Impact of Climate Change on Epidemiology of Various Pests of Wheat Crop in Punjab Pakistan

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2019年第1期10卷 236-247页

作者： Israr Arshad Amer Rasul Syed Ismat Hussain hafiz muhammad usman aslam Khizar Hayat Malik Najam Ul Hassan Sidra Muqeet Amina Yasir Umar Shabab Nasir Anum Tehseen Directorate of Pest Warning & Quality Control of Pesticides Punjab Pakistan Department of Plant Pathology University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology Iowa State University USA Horticultural Research Institute Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI) Faisalabad Pakistan Department of Zoology Government College University Faisalabad Faisalabad Pakistan Institute of Agriculture & Resource Economics University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan

Wheat [Triticum aestivum L. (Poaceae)] is the staple diet of people in Pakistan. It is attacked by many types of pests. Therefore the purpose of this study was to assess the impact of climate change on the ecology and epidemiology of various wheat pests in Punjab, Pakistan. Results indicate that maximum weeds hot spots 242 (5.98%) Phalaris minor, 45 (1.18%) wild oat and 203 (5.01%) broad leaf weeds were noted in 2015. Aphid 31 (0.86%) hot spots were recorded in 2016 while maximum army worm 13 (0.26%) hot spots were noted in 2017. Maximum 70 (1.73%) spots of yellow rust and 85 (2.10%) hot spots of brown rust were observed during 2015 while 84 (4.16%) spots of loose smut were observed during 2017. ANOVA shows that years have no significant difference (P > 0.05) but weeks have significant effect on occurrence of these pest incidences except brown rust. But regression ANOVA was significant (P ≤ 0.05) and regression models equations have been developed on the bases of recorded data. Pest incidence was taken as dependent variable Y and weather factors i.e. minimum temperature as X1, maximum temperature as X2, relative humidity as X3 and rain fall as X4 were taken as independent variables. This study will help in recommendations for moving forward aiming at integration of biology of rust and smut diseases of wheat with changing climate for development of resistant varieties for resilient and durable management of these pathogens.

关键词： Climate Change Wheat Weeds Insect Pest Disease Ecology

Risk of infection with arboviruses in a healthy population in Pakistan based on seroprevalence

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第3期39卷 369-377页

作者： Shengyao Chen muhammad Saqib hafiz Sajid Khan Yuan Bai usman Ali Ashfaq muhammad Khalid Mansoor Abulimti Moming Jing Liu Min Zhou Saifullah Khan Niazi Qiaoli Wu Awais-Ur-Rahman Sial Shuang Tang muhammad Hassan Sarfraz Aneela Javed Sumreen Hayat Mohsin Khurshid Iahtasham Khan muhammad Ammar Athar Zeeshan Taj Bo Zhang Fei Deng Ali Zohaib Shu Shen Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center Wuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Agriculture FaisalabadFaisalabad 38040Pakistan The Children's Hospital Faisalabad 38000Pakistan Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology Government College University FaisalabadFaisalabad 38000Pakistan f Department of Microbiology Faculty of Veterinary and Animal SciencesThe Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur 63100Pakistan Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory Wuhan 430200China Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety Wuhan Institute of VirologyCenter for Biosafety Mega-ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China Armed Forces Institute of Pathology(AFIP) Rawalpindi 46000Pakistan Department of Clinical Studies Faculty of Veterinary&Animal SciencesPir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture UniversityRawalpindi 46300Pakistan Institute of Microbiology Government College University FaisalabadFaisalabad 38000Pakistan l Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences National University of Science and TechnologyIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Clinical Sciences University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesLahore Sub-campusJhang 35200Pakistan Department of Molecular Pathology National Medical Center DHA Phase 1Karachi 75500Pakistan

Infectious diseases caused by arboviruses are a public health concern in ***,studies on data prevalence and threats posed by arboviruses are *** study investigated the seroprevalence of arboviruses in a healthy population in Pakistan,including severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus(SFTSV),Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus(CCHFV),Tamdy virus(TAMV),and Karshi virus(KSIV)based on a newly established luciferase immunoprecipitation system(LIPS)assays,and Zika virus(ZIKV)by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA).Neutralizing activities against these arboviruses were further examined from the antibody positive *** results showed that the seroprevalence of SFTSV,CCHFV,TAMV,KSIV,and ZIKV was 17.37%,7.58%,4.41%,1.10%,and 6.48%,respectively,and neutralizing to SFTSV(1.79%),CCHFV(2.62%),and ZIKV(0.69%)were identified,as well as to the SFTSV-related Guertu virus(GTV,0.83%).Risk factors associated with the incidence of exposure and levels of antibody response were ***,co-exposure to different arboviruses was demonstrated,as thirty-seven individuals were having antibodies against multiple viruses and thirteen showed neutralizing ***,individuals aged40 years,and outdoor workers had a high risk of exposure to *** these results reveal the substantial risks of infection with arboviruses in Pakistan,and indicate the threat from co-exposure to multiple *** findings raise the need for further epidemiologic investigation in expanded regions and populations and the necessity to improve health surveillance in Pakistan.

关键词： Arbovirus Pakistan Seroprevalence Tick-borne virus Mosquito-borne virus

The Influence of Depression on Different Age and Gender Groups in Bahawalpur

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Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research 2024年第7期8卷 196-207页

作者： Mehran Khan muhammad Shahbaz Tooba Waris Shoaib Yaseen Iqra Afzal Emaan Khadim Sawera usman muhammad Ismail Shah Sulaiman aslam Zafar Iqbal Bahawalpur College of Pharmacy BMDC Complex63100PunjabPakistan

In Bahawalpur,a cross-sectional study assessed depression prevalence across age and gender groups,involving 442 participants from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds and *** the PHQ9 questionnaire,84%were found to meet depression *** findings revealed a higher incidence in females(88%)than males(79%),with the greatest disparity among young adults,particularly young women,due to factors like academic pressure and financial *** children had the lowest depression rates(68%),possibly due to better *** individuals exhibited more severe depression,likely related to aging and domestic *** study’s findings highlight a significant variation in depression severity across different demographic groups,with an overall higher incidence in *** research underscores the necessity for targeted mental health resources and interventions tailored to the specific needs of each demographic *** also points to the importance of addressing academic and socioeconomic stressors to mitigate depression,particularly among young *** the study provides valuable insights,it relies on self-reported data,which may introduce ***,future research should include clinical assessments to validate these findings and ensure a more accurate representation of depression within the community.

关键词： Influence Depression Different age Gender groups Bahawalpur

Fungicide Resistance in Colletotrichum fructicola and Colletotrichum siamense Causing Peach Anthracnose in China

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Fungicide Resistance in Colletotrichum fructicola and Collet...

SI Engine Fueled with Gasoline, CNG and CNG-HHO Blend: Comparative Evaluation of Performance, Emission and Lubrication Oil Deterioration

中国植物病理学会2024年学术年会

作者： Mohammad Mazharul Karim hafiz muhammad usman TAN Qin HU Jiajie FAN Fei Rafakat Hussain LUO Chaoxi

Peach is one of the popular and economically important fruit crops in *** cultivation is hampered due to attacks of anthracnose disease,causing significant economic *** fructicola and Colletotrichum siamense belong to the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex and are considered major pathogens of peach *** of different groups of fungicides is a routine approach for controlling this ***,fungicide resistance is a significant drawback in managing peach anthracnose *** this study,39 isolates of *** and 41 isolates of *** were collected from different locations in various provinces in *** sensitivity of *** and *** to some commonly used fungicides,i.e.,carbendazim,iprodione,fluopyram,and propiconazole,was *** the isolates of *** collected from Guangdong province showed high resistance to carbendazim,whereas isolates collected from Guizhou province were *** ***,isolates collected from Hebei province showed moderate resistance,while those from Shandong province were sensitive to *** the other hand,all the isolates of *** and *** showed high resistance to the dicarboximide(DCF) fungicide iprodione and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor(SDHI) fungicide fluopyram,indicating natural resistance in these species to these ***,they are all sensitive to the demethylation inhibitor(DMI) fungicide *** cross-resistance was observed between carbendazim and benomyl as they are members of the same methyl benzimidazole carbamate(MBC) *** no correlation of sensitivity was observed between different groups of *** significant differences were found in each fitness parameter between carbendazim-resistant and sensitive isolates in both *** characterization of the β-tubulin 2(TUB2) gene revealed that in ***,the E198 A point mutation was the determin

关键词： Fungicide Resistance in Colletotrichum fructicola and Colletotrichum siamense Causing Peach Anthracnose in China

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Journal of Thermal Science 2021年第4期30卷 1199-1211页

作者： usman muhammad HAYAT Nasir BHUTTA muhammad Mahmood aslam Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyLahore 54890Pakistan

Hydroxy gas (HHO) is one of the potential alternative fuels for spark ignition (SI) engine,notably due to simultaneous increase in engine performance and reduction in exhaust ***,impact of HHO gas on lubrication oil for longer periods of engine operation has not yet been *** study focuses on investigation of the effect of gasoline,CNG and CNG-HHO blend on lubrication oil deterioration along with engine performance and emissions in SI *** unit produces HHO gas at 4.72 L/min by using 6 g/L of KOH in the aqueous *** was supplied to the test engine at a pressure of 0.11 MPa using an electronically controlled solenoid *** tests were carried out at different speeds at 80%open throttle condition and various performance parameters such as brake power (BP),brake specific fuel consumption(BSFC),brake thermal efficiency (BTE),exhaust gas temperature and exhaust emissions (HC,CO_(2),CO and NO_(x))were *** addition,various lubrication oil samples were extracted over 120 h of engine running while topping for drain out volume and samples were analyzed as per ASTM ***-HHO blend exhibited better performance i.e.,15.4%increase in average BP in comparison to CNG,however,15.1%decrease was observed when compared to ***-HHO outperformed gasoline and CNG in the case of HC,CO_(2),CO and brake specific fuel consumption (31.1%decrease in comparison to gasoline).On the other hand,CNG-HHO produced higher average NO_(x) (12.9%) when compared to CNG ***,lubrication oil condition(kinematic viscosity,water contents,flash point and total base number (TBN)),wear debris (Iron (Fe),Aluminum(Al),Copper (Cu),Chromium (Cr)) and additives depletion (Zinc (Zn),Calcium (Ca)) presented a significant degradation in the case of CNG-HHO blend as compared to gasoline and *** oil analyses illustrated 19.6%,12.8%and 14.2%decrease in average viscosity,flash point and TBN for CNG-HHO blend ***,

关键词： spark ignition engine compressed natural gas hydrogen lubrication oil deterioration emission

Structural and optical properties of thermally reduced graphene oxide for energy devices

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Chinese Physics B 2017年第8期26卷 346-352页

作者： Ayesha Jamil Faiza Mustafa Samia aslam usman Arshad muhammad Ashfaq Ahmad Department of Physics COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyLahore 54000Pakistan

Natural intercalation of the graphite oxide, obtained as a product of Hummer＇s method, via ultra-sonication of water dispersed graphite oxide has been carried out to obtain graphene oxide（GO） and thermally reduced graphene oxide（RGO）.Here we report the effect of metallic nitrate on the oxidation properties of graphite and then formation of metallic oxide（MO） composites with GO and RGO for the first time. We observed a change in the efficiency of the oxidation process as we replaced the conventionally used sodium nitrate with that of nickel nitrate Ni（NO_3）_2, cadmium nitrate Cd（NO_3）_2,and zinc nitrate Zn（NO_3）_2. The structural properties were investigated by x-ray diffraction and observed the successful formation of composite of MO–GO and MO–RGO（M = Zn, Cd, Ni）. We sought to study the effect on the oxidation process through optical characterization via UV-Vis spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared（FTIR） ***, Thermo Gravimetric Analysis（TGA） was carried out to confirm 〉 90% weight loss in each process thus proving the reliability of the oxidation cycles. We have found that the nature of the oxidation process of graphite powder and its optical and electrochemical characteristics can be tuned by replacing the sodium nitrate（NaNO_3） by other metallic nitrates as Cd（NO_3）_2, Ni（NO_3）_2, and Zn（NO_3）_2. On the basis of obtained results, the synthesized GO and RGO may be expected as a promising material in antibacterial activity and in electrodes fabrication for energy devices such as solar cell, fuel cell,and super capacitors.

关键词： thermal properties of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide optical properties structuralproperties fuel cell composite materials

Organogenesis:need of the current world

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Chinese Medical Journal 2019年第7期132卷 849-852页

作者： Arsalan Ahmad hafiz muhammad Umer aslam muhammad Sohail Afzal Zubair Bhutta Department of Chemistry School of ScienceUniversity of Management & TechnologyLahore 54770Pakistan College of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of the PunjabLahore 54590Pakistan Department of Life Sciences School of ScienceUniversity of Management & TechnologyLahore 54770Pakistan Department of Paeds Medical &Surgical Mayo HospitalLahore 54000Pakistan

To the Editor:Regeneration is a common phenomenon among many animals including;starfish,salamander,zebrafish and *** creatures have a natural ability to regrow their accidentally lost body parts,for example flatworms can regenerate their lost head.[1]But not all organisms can regenerate their whole body ***,this natural phenomena is akin with the modern day advancement in stem cell biology and developmental biology,which has enabled scientists to not only study organs in vitro but also achieve new frontiers in regenerative medicine[2].

关键词： Regeneration animals flatworms

小麦秸秆发酵产生的真菌Pleurotus ostreatus IBL-02锰过氧化物酶的溶胶-凝胶固定化及其催化污水脱色(英文)

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催化学报 2013年第9期34卷 1756-1761页

作者： muhammad Asgher Bazgha aslam hafiz muhammad Nasir Iqbal Industrial Biotechnology Laboratory Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Agriculture

Solid state bio-processing of wheat straw was carried out through an indigenous fungal strain Pleurotus ostreatus IBL-02 under pre-optimized fermentation conditions. The maximum activity, 692±12 U/mL, of the industrially important manganese peroxidase (MnP) enzyme was recorded after five days of still culture incubation. The crude MnP was 2.1-fold purified with a specific activity of 860 U/mg after purification on a Sephadex-G-100 gel column. On native and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis gels, the purified MnP fraction was a single homogenous band of 45 kDa. An active fraction of MnP was immobilized using hydrophobic sol-gel entrapment comprising tetramethoxysilane (T) and propyltrimethoxysilane (P) at different T:P molar ratios. Characterization revealed that after 24 h incubation at varying pH and temperatures, the MnP fraction immobilized at a T:P ratio of 1:2 in the sol-gel retained 82% and 75% of its original activity at pH4 and 70 ℃, respectively. The optimally active fraction at a 1:2 T:P ratio was tested against MnSO4 as a substrate to determine the kinetic catalytic constants KM and Vmax . To explore the industrial applicability of P. ostreatus IBL-02 MnP, both the free and immobilized MnP were used for the decolorization of four different textile industrial effluents. A maximum of 100% decolorization was achieved for the different textile effluents within the shortest time period. A lower KM , higher Vmax , hyper-activation, and enhanced acidic and thermal resistance up to 70 ℃ were the novel catalytic features of the sol-gel immobilized MnP, suggesting that it may be a potential candidate for biotechnological applications particularly for textile bioremediation purposes.

关键词： Pleurotus ostreatus IBL-02 Bio-catalysis Manganese peroxidase Immobilization Sol-gel Textile effluent Decolorization

Specific Capacitance and Cyclic Stability of Graphene Based Metal/Metal Oxide Nanocomposites:A Review

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2015年第7期31卷 699-707页

作者： Abdul Waheed Anwar Abdul Majeed Nadeem Iqbal Wasi Ullah Ahmad Shuaib usman Ilyas Fozia Bibi hafiz muhammad Rafique Nanotechnologies Research Centre Department of PhysicsUniversity of Engineering and Technology Under Graduate Block/School of Physical Sciences University of the Punjab Department of Physics University of the Punjab

Graphene has become a worldwide admired material among researchers and scientists equally due to its unique richness in mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, optical and thermal properties. Re- searchers have explored that the composite materials based on graphene and metal/metal oxide nanostructures possess excellent potential for energy storage technologies. In particular, supercapacitors based on such composite materials have engrossed the extreme interest of researchers for its rapid charging/discharging time, safe operation and longer cyclic constancy. Till now, several fabrication techniques for composite materials and their energy storage applications have been explored. Here, specially, we have concentrated on the hottest research progress for the fabrication of graphene oxide and metal/metal oxide nanocomposites. We also emphasized on the characteristics and properties of supercapacitors fabricated using these composite materials. Moreover, our study is focused on the specific capacitance and cyclic stability of various composites to haul out the most efficient material for supercapacitor applications.

关键词： GrapheneMetal/metal oxide nanostructureSupercapacitor