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spatial isolation and genetic differentiation in naturally fragmented plant populations of the swiss Alps

Journal of Plant Ecology 2008年第3期1卷 149-159页

作者： Patrick Kuss AndreaRPluess hafdı´s hannaægisdottir Jurg stocklin Institute of Botany University of BaselSchonbeinstrasse 6CH-4056BaselSwitzerland Institute of Plant sciences University of BernAltenbergrain21CH-3013BernSwitzerland Institute for Terrestrial Ecosystems Ecosystem ManagementETH ZurichUniversitatstrasse 168092 ZurichSwitzerland

The effect of anthropogenic landscape fragmentation on the genetic diversity and adaptive potential of plant populations is a major issue in conservation biology.However,little is known about the partitioning of genetic diversity in alpine species,which occur in naturally fragmented habitats.Here,we investigate molecular patterns of three alpine plants(Epilobium fleischeri,Geum reptans and Campanula thyrsoides)across switzerland and ask whether spatial isolation has led to high levels of population differentiation,increasing over distance,and a decrease of within-population variability.We further hypothesize that the contrasting potential for long-distance dispersal(LDD)of seed in these species will considerably influence and explain diversity partitioning.Methods For each study species,we sampled 20–23 individuals from each of 20–32 populations across entire switzerland.We applied Random Amplified Polymorphic Dimorphism markers to assess genetic diversity within(Nei’s expected heterozygosity,He;percentage of polymorphic bands,Pp)and among(analysis of molecular variance,Ust)populations and correlated population size and altitude with within-population diversity.spatial patterns of genetic relatedness were investigated using Mantel tests and standardized major axis regression as well as unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean cluster analyses and Monmonier’s algorithm.To avoid known biases,we standardized the numbers of populations,individuals and markers using multiple random reductions.We modelled LDD with a high alpine wind data set using the terminal velocity and height of seed release as key parameters.Additionally,we assessed a number of important life-history traits and factors that potentially influence genetic diversity partitioning(e.***.breeding system,longevity and population size).Important findings For all three species,we found a significant isolation-by-distance relationship but only a moderately high differentiation among populations(Ust:22.7,14.8 and 16.8%,for E.fleischeri,G.reptans and C

关键词： Campanula thyrsoides Epilobium fleischeri Geum reptans isolation by distance molecular diversity

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Experimental arena settings might lead to misinterpretation of movement properties

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Insect science 2024年第1期31卷 271-284页

作者： Inon scharf Kimberley hanna Daphna Gottlieb The George s.Wise Faculty of Life sciences School of ZoologyTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael Department of Food science Institute of Post-Harvest and Food ScienceVolcani CenterARORishon LeZionIsrael

Movement is an important animal behavior contributing to reproduction and survival.Animal movement is often examined in arenas or enclosures under laboratory conditions.We used the red flour beetle(Tribolium castaneum)to examine here the effect of the arena size,shape,number of barriers,access to the arena's center,and illumination on six movement properties.We demonstrate great differences among arenas.For example,the beetles moved over longer distances in clear arenas than in obstructed ones.Movement along the arena's perimeter was greater in smaller arenas than in larger ones.Movement was more directional in round arenas than in rectangular ones.In general,the beetles stopped moving closer to the perimeter and closer to corners(in the square and rectangular arenas)than expected by chance.In some cases,the arena properties interacted with the beetle sex to affect several movement properties.All these suggest that arena properties might also interact with experimental manipulations to affect the outcome of studies and lead to results specific to the arena used.In other words,instead of examining animal movement,we in fact examine the animal interaction with the arena structure.Caution is therefore advised in interpreting the results of studies on movement in arenas under laboratory conditions and we recommend paying attention also to barriers or obstacles in field experiments.For instance,movement along the arena's perimeter is often interpreted as centrophobism or thigmotaxis but the results here show that such movement is arena dependent.

关键词： activity centrophobism correlated random walk laboratory experiments movement ecology wall-following behavior

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Two-dimensional magnetic materials for spintronic applications

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Nano Research 2024年第2期17卷 743-762页

作者： shivam N.Kajale Jad hanna Kyuho Jang Deblina sarkar MIT Media Lab Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering ETH ZürichZürich8092Switzerland

spintronic devices are driving new paradigms of bio-inspired,energy efficient computation like neuromorphic stochastic computing and in-memory computing.They have also emerged as key candidates for non-volatile memories for embedded systems as well as alternatives to persistent memories.To meet the growing demands from such diverse applications,there is need for innovation in materials and device designs which can be scaled and adapted according to the application.Two-dimensional(2D)magnetic materials address challenges facing bulk magnet systems by offering scalability while maintaining device integrity and allowing efficient control of magnetism.In this review,we highlight the progress made in experimental studies on 2D magnetic materials towards their integration into spintronic devices.We provide an account of the various relevant material discoveries,demonstrations of current and voltage-based control of magnetism and reported device systems,while also discussing the challenges and opportunities towards integration of 2D magnetic materials in commercial spintronic devices.

关键词： spintronics van der Waals magnetic tunnel junction(MTJ) spin-orbit torque magnetism

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Enhancing Identity Protection in Metaverse-Based Psychological Counseling system

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 617-632页

作者： Jun Lee hanna Lee seong Chan Lee Hyun Kwon Department of Game software Hoseo UniversityAsan-si31499Korea Yatav Enter Seoul04799Korea Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data science Korea Military AcademySeoul01805Korea

Non-face-to-face psychological counseling systems rely on network technologies to anonymize information regard-ing client identity.However,these systems often face challenges concerning voice data leaks and the suboptimal communication of the client’s non-verbal expressions,such as facial cues,to the counselor.This study proposes a metaverse-based psychological counseling system designed to enhance client identity protection while ensuring efficient information delivery to counselors during non-face-to-face counseling.The proposed systemincorporates a voicemodulation function that instantlymodifies/masks the client’s voice to safeguard their identity.Additionally,it employs real-time client facial expression recognition using an ensemble of decision trees to mirror the client’s non-verbal expressions through their avatar in the metaverse environment.The system is adaptable for use on personal computers and smartphones,offering users the flexibility to access metaverse-based psychological counseling across diverse environments.The performance evaluation of the proposed system confirmed that the voice modulation and real-time facial expression replication consistently achieve an average speed of 48.32 frames per second or higher,even when tested on the least powerful smartphone configurations.Moreover,a total of 550 actual psychological counseling sessions were conducted,and the average satisfaction rating reached 4.46 on a 5-point scale.This indicates that clients experienced improved identity protection compared to conventional non-face-to-face metaverse counseling approaches.Additionally,the counselor successfully addressed the challenge of conveying non-verbal cues from clients who typically struggled with non-face-to-face psychological counseling.The proposed systemholds significant potential for applications in interactive discussions and educational activities in the metaverse.

关键词： Metaverse counseling system face tracking identity protection

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Deciding on life-saving treatment after a violent suicide attempt:an ethical case report

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General Psychiatry 2024年第2期37卷 289-291页

作者： Robert Wichers hanna M Heller sisco van Veen Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry&Psychosocial Care Amsterdam University Medical CenterLocation AMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands Amsterdam Public Health Mental Health programAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Hospital Psychiatry Amsterdam University Medical CenterLocation VUmcAmsterdamThe Netherlands Research Department 113 Suicide PreventionAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Psychiatry&Department of Ethics Law and HumanitiesAmsterdam University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands GGZ inGeest Mental Health Care AmsterdamThe Netherlands

To the editor:In the UsA alone,there were 1.7 million suicide attempts in 2021.1 Although the majority of suicide attempts are not fatal,immediate medical attention is often necessary,especially when violent methods are used.2 These methods include jumping from heights,using a firearm,crashing a motor vehicle,and lying down or jumping in front of a moving object.

关键词： treatment editor alone

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Theories behind Bacillus Calmette-Guerin failure in high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer and update on current management

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Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy 2024年第2期2卷 74-80页

作者： hanna Maroof Louise Paramore Ahmed Ali Department of Urology Frimley Park HospitalPortsmouth RdFrimleyCamberley GU167UJUnited Kingdom

Bladder cancer encapsulates a wide spectrum of disease severities,with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC)representing an entirely different entity from muscle-invasive disease.Bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG)is one of the most successful intravesical treatment methods for patients diagnosed.However,a considerable pro-portion of patients fail to respond to BCG treatment.Given the propensity for recurrence in patients with high-risk bladder cancer,these patients present with surgical dilemmas.There is currently no gold standard for salvage treatment post-BCG failure or unified definition as to what that means.In this review,we discuss the mechanisms of action and pathophysiology of BCG,potential theories behind BCG failure,and the scope of novel treatments forthis surgical conundrum.

关键词： Cystectomy Hyperthermia Induced Immunotherapy Mycobacterium bovis Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer

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3D printing encouraging desired in-situ polypyrrole seed-polymerization for ultra-high energy density supercapacitors

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第8期95卷 117-125页

作者： Tiantian Zhou shangwen Ling shuxian sun Ruoxin Yuan Ziqin Wu Mengyuan Fu hanna He Xiaolong Li Chuhong Zhang state Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute Sichuan University

The tireless pursuit of supercapacitors with high energy density entails the parallel advancement of wellsuited electrode materials and elaborately engineered architectures.Polypyrrole（PPy） emerges as an exceedingly conductive polymer and a prospective pseudocapacitive materials for supercapacitors,yet the inferior cyclic stability and unpredictable polymerization patterns severely impede its real-world applicability.Here,for the first time,an innovative seed-induced in-situ polymerization assisted 3D printing strategy is proposed to fabricate PPy-reduced graphene oxide/poly（vinylidene difluoride-cohexafluoropropylene）(PVDF-HFP)（PPy-rGO/PH） electrodes with controllable polymerization behavior and exceptional areal mass loading.The preferred active sites uniformly pre-planted on the 3D-printed graphene substrates serve as reliable seeds to induce efficient polypyrrole deposition,achieving an impressive mass loading of 185.6 mg cm-2(particularly 79.2 mg cm-2for polypyrrole) and a superior areal capacitance of 25.2 F cm-2at 2 mA cm-2for a 12-layer electrode.In agreement with theses appealing features,an unprecedented areal energy density of 1.47 mW h cm-2for a symmetrical device is registered,a rarely achieved value for other PPy/rGO-based supercapacitors.This work highlights a promising route to preparing high energy density energy storage modules for real-world applications.

关键词： 3D printing High energy density Polypyrrole seed-induced polymerization supercapacitor

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Why Do the Imaginary and Imaginary Communities Emerge in social Theory? National Imaginary in the Context of Globalization

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Philosophy study 2024年第3期14卷 129-137页

作者： hanna Nosova National Academy of sciences of Ukraine KyivUkraine

The end of modernism questions reality and its theoretical description,and various attempts of postmodern rethinking of the social emerge-from denial,assertion of the disappearance of the social to its salvation through radical rethinking.Theorizing around the imaginary emerges and continues as a result of this rethinking.Cornelius Castoriadis,for example,absolutizes the concept of the imaginary,which,in his opinion,even contains the rational.Charles Taylor gives imaginary,though important,but limited role as a background knowledge.speaking of the imaginary,one cannot,of course,ignore Benedict Andersen’s imaginary communities.According to Andersen,the“imagination”of a nation,like any other community,reflects not the fact that they are“invented”or“constructed”but that they are the result of human practice,that social reality is a socio-historical and cultural product.Nation differs from other communities in the style of representation,namely,the representation-understanding,first of all,of space and time.A specific moment in time is connected not only with the past and future,but also with the same moment in another time and space measurement.People in this case,communicate and socialize through books,newspapers,and national languages.Most importantly,the nation as an imaginary community opposes itself to other communities,distinguishes itself from them,and strives for autonomy.And the guarantee of autonomy is the sovereign state,the nation-state,therefore the nation is always connected with the state and the territory of the exercise of its monopoly right.That is,the nation is an imaginary community that is real only to the extent that it is correlated with the modern territorial state.According to the author,the transformation of the national imaginary under the conditions of globalization is characterized by the loss of attachment to the territory,by the fact that territoriality ceases to be the main,organizing principle of social life.social practices are increasingly formed beyond borders,belonging to ethnici

关键词： postmodern modern imaginary social imaginary national imaginary imaginary communities Benedict

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The secondary injury cascade after spinal cord injury: an analysis of local cytokine/chemokine regulation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1308-1317页

作者： Daniel J.Hellenbrand Charles M.Quinn Zachariah J.Piper Ryan T.Elder Raveena R.Mishra Taylor L.Marti Phoebe M.Omuro Rylie M.Roddick Jae sung Lee William L.Murphy Amgad s.hanna Department of Neurosurgery University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Materials science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Forward BIO Institute University of Wisconsin-Madison

After spinal cord injury, there is an extensive infiltration of immune cells, which exacerbates the injury and leads to further neural degeneration. Therefore, a major aim of current research involves targeting the immune response as a treatment for spinal cord injury. Although much research has been performed analyzing the complex inflammatory process following spinal cord injury, there remain major discrepancies within previous literature regarding the timeline of local cytokine regulation. The objectives of this study were to establish an overview of the timeline of cytokine regulation for 2 weeks after spinal cord injury, identify sexual dimorphisms in terms of cytokine levels, and determine local cytokines that significantly change based on the severity of spinal cord injury. Rats were inflicted with either a mild contusion, moderate contusion, severe contusion, or complete transection, 7 mm of spinal cord centered on the injury was harvested at varying times post-injury, and tissue homogenates were analyzed with a Cytokine/Chemokine 27-Plex assay. Results demonstrated pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 were all upregulated after spinal cord injury, but returned to uninjured levels within approximately 24 hours post-injury, while chemokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 remained upregulated for days post-injury. In contrast, several anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors including interleukin-10 and vascular endothelial growth factor were downregulated by 7 days post-injury. After spinal cord injury, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, which specifically affects astrocytes involved in glial scar development, increased more than all other cytokines tested, reaching 26.9-fold higher than uninjured rats. After a mild injury, 11 cytokines demonstrated sexual dimorphisms; however, after a severe contusion only leptin levels were different between female and male rats. In conclusion, pro-inflammatory cytokines initiate the inf

关键词： astrocytes chemokines cytokines inflammation macrophages microglia secondary damage spinal cord injury

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Comparison of fungal vs bacterial infections in the medical intensive liver unit:Cause or corollary for high mortality?

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第3期16卷 379-392页

作者： sarah Khan hanna Hong stephanie Bass Yifan Wang Xiao-Feng Wang Omar T sims Christine E Koval Aanchal Kapoor Christina C Lindenmeyer Department of Internal Medicine Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States Department of Pharmacy Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States Department of Quantitative Health sciences/Biostatistics section Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionCleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States Department of Infectious Disease Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States Department of Critical Care Medicine Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States

BACKGROUND Due to development of an immune-dysregulated phenotype,advanced liver disease in all forms predisposes patients to sepsis acquisition,including by opportunistic pathogens such as fungi.Little data exists on fungal infection within a medical intensive liver unit(MILU),particularly in relation to acute on chronic liver failure.AIM To investigate the impact of fungal infections among critically ill patients with advanced liver disease,and compare outcomes to those of patients with bacterial infections.METHODs From our prospective registry of MILU patients from 2018-2022,we included 27 patients with culture-positive fungal infections and 183 with bacterial infections.We compared outcomes between patients admitted to the MILU with fungal infections to bacterial counterparts.Data was extracted through chart review.REsULTs All fungal infections were due to Candida species,and were most frequently blood isolates.Mortality among patients with fungal infections was significantly worse relative to the bacterial cohort(93%vs 52%,Ps 64%,P=0.02).Patients in the fungal cohort had increased use of vasopressors(96%vs 70%,P=0.04),mechanical ventilation(96%vs 65%,Psis due to acute kidney injury(78%vs 52%,P=0.014).On MILU admission,the fungal cohort had significantly higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(108 vs 91,P=0.003),Acute Physiology score(86 vs 65,P=0.003),and Model for End-stage Liver Disease-sodium scores(86 vs 65,P=0.041).There was no significant difference in the rate of central line use preceding culture(52%vs 40%,P=0.2).Patients with fungal infection had higher rate of transplant hold placement,and lower rates of transplant;however,differences did not achieve statistical significance.CONCLUsION Mortality was worse among patients with fungal infections,likely attributable to severe ACLF development.Prospective studies examining empiric antifungals in severe ACLF and associa

关键词： Fungal Infection sepsis Acute on chronic liver failure Intensive care

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