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Innovation in pathogenesis and management of aortic aneurysm

World Journal of Experimental Medicine 2024年第2期14卷 35-45页

作者： Maryam Barkhordarian hadrian hoang-vu tran Aiswarya Menon Sai Priyanka Pulipaka Izage Kianifar Aguilar Axel Fuertes Shraboni Dey Angel Ann Chacko Tanni Sethi Ayrton Bangolo Simcha Weissman Department of Internal Medicine Palisades Medical CenterNorth BergenNJ 07047United States

Aortic aneurysm(AA)refers to the persistent dilatation of the aorta,exceeding three *** the pathophysiology of this condition is important for its prevention and management,given its responsibility for more than 25000 deaths in the United *** are classified based on their location or *** pathophysiologic pathways including inflammation,the immune system and atherosclerosis have been implicated in its *** markers such as transforming growth factorβ,interleukin-1β,tumor necrosis factor-α,matrix metalloproteinase-2 and many more may contribute to this *** genetic disorders such as Marfan syndrome,Ehler-Danlos syndrome and Loeys-Dietz syndrome have also been associated with this *** years has seen the investigation of novel management of AA,exploring the implication of different immune suppressors,the role of radiation in shrinkage and prevention,as well as minimally invasive and newly hypothesized surgical *** this narrative review,we aim to present the new contributing factors involved in pathophysiology of *** also highlighted the novel management methods that have demonstrated promising benefits in clinical outcomes of the AA.

关键词： Aortic aneurysm Abdominal aneurysm Thoracic aneurysm Immunotherapy Surgical management Pathophysiology Inflammation and molecular pathways

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Therapeutics involved in managing initial and recurrent Clostridium difficile infection:An updated literature review

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2024年第5期15卷 1-14页

作者： Vignesh K Nagesh hadrian hoang-vu tran Daniel Elias Izage Kianifar Aguilar Tanni Sethi AiswaryaMenon Charlene Mansour Florchi Furman Kylie Tsotsos Talia Subar Auda Auda Aman Sidiqui JevonLamar Nikita Wadhwani Shraboni Dey Abraham Lo Adam Atoot Simcha Weissman Humberto Sifuentes Ayrton I Bangolo Department of Internal Medicine Hackensack Palisades Medical CenterNorth BergenNJ 07047United States Department of Gastroenterology Augusta UniversityAugustaGA 30912United States

Clostridium difficile infection(CDI)has been increasing due to the effect of recurrent *** use of antibiotics has been shown to alter the gut microbiome and lead to *** treatment is limited to three major antibiotics;however,the incidence of recurrent CDIs has been increasing and drug resistance is a major *** aspect is a growing concern in modern medicine especially in the elderly population,critical care patients,and immunocompromised individuals who are at high risk of developing *** difficile can lead to various complications including septic shock and fulminant colitis that could prove to be lethal in these *** modalities of treatment have been developed including bezlotoxumab,a monoclonal antibody and fecal microbiota *** have been studies showing asymptomatic carriers and drug resistance posing a major threat to the healthcare *** treatment options are being studied to treat and prevent *** review will provide an insight into the current treatment modalities,prevention and newer modalities of treatment and challenges faced in the treatment of CDIs.

关键词： Clostridium difficile Antibiotics Vancomycin Fidaxomicin Prevention Bezlotoxumab Fecal microbiota transplant

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Impact of artificial intelligence in the management of esophageal,gastric and colorectal malignancies

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Artificial Intelligence in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第2期5卷 1-14页

作者： Ayrton Bangolo Nikita Wadhwani Vignesh K Nagesh Shraboni Dey hadrian hoang-vu tran Izage Kianifar Aguilar Auda Auda Aman Sidiqui Aiswarya Menon Deborah Daoud James Liu Sai Priyanka Pulipaka Blessy George Flor Furman Nareeman Khan Adewale Plumptre Imranjot Sekhon Abraham Lo Simcha Weissman Department of Internal Medicine Palisades Medical CenterNorth BergenNJ 07047United States Department of Medicine Palisades Medical CenterNorth BergenNJ 07047United States

The incidence of gastrointestinal malignancies has increased over the past decade at an alarming *** and gastric cancers are the third and fifth most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide but are cited as the second and third leading causes of *** institution of appropriate therapy from timely diagnosis can optimize patient *** intelligence(AI)-assisted diagnostic,prognostic,and therapeutic tools can assist in expeditious diagnosis,treatment planning/response prediction,and post-surgical *** can intercept neoplastic lesions in their primordial stages,accurately flag suspicious and/or inconspicuous lesions with greater accuracy on radiologic,histopathological,and/or endoscopic analyses,and eliminate over-dependence on ***-based models have shown to be on par,and sometimes even outperformed experienced gastroenterologists and *** neural networks(state-of-the-art deep learning models)are powerful computational models,invaluable to the field of precision *** models not only reliably classify images,but also accurately predict response to chemotherapy,tumor recurrence,metastasis,and survival rates *** this systematic review,we analyze the available evidence about the diagnostic,prognostic,and therapeutic utility of artificial intelligence in gastrointestinal oncology.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Gastrointestinal malignancies Machine learning Helicobacter pylori State-of-the-art deep learning models

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