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Effect of Different Calcination Process and Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>as Impurities on the Different Phases of Bi-Based Superconductor

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World Journal of Condensed Matter Physics 2012年第3期2卷 148-152页

作者： Ahmad Amirabadizadeh Sara Memarzadeh Naser Tajabor hadi arabi Department of Physics Faculty of Science Fer-dowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad Iran Department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Birjand Birjand Iran

In this research two samples of a nominal composition Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox were prepared by the solid state reaction method, using two different routes. Codes A and B are used to refer to the two samples. In preparing sample A, the standard method for calcination was used, while for sample B, the SrCO3 and CaCO3 were calcinated at 1100℃ for 3 h. Calcination was done separately on SrCO3 and CaCO3 in order to eliminate CO2. Then after mixing and grinding, the powder mixtures of Bi2O3, CuO, PbO, SrO and CaO were calcinated at 840℃ for 70 h. Also, the samples (samples C) of nominal compositions Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox+ % x Gd2O3 (% x = 0, 3, 5, 7 and 9) have been synthesized by this method. The XRD and SEM results show that addition of Gd2O3 helps to increase the amount of Bi-2212 phase, while alternative calcination process improves the formation of the Bi-2223 phase. In addition, the AC susceptibility measurements confirm the XRD and SEM results.

关键词： Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O System X-Ray Diffraction Scanning Electron Microscopy AC Susceptibility

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The Impact of Age and Gender on Severity and Types of Periodontal Diseases among Patients from Two Regions in Saudi arabia

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2019年第3期9卷 39-50页

作者： Mohammed M. A. Abdullah Al-Abdaly Hussain Saad Hussain AlQahtani Sultan Saeed hadi Al-Qahtani Periodontics and Community Dental Sciences Department College of Dentistry King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health Al-Wajh Saudi Arabia College of Dentistry King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia

Background: Periodontitis is the predominant disease in the oral cavity and there are alterations in the periodontal tissues associated with the aging and gender of the patient. Objective: The present study was designed to assess the impact of age and gender of the patient on severity and types of periodontal diseases among patients from two regions in Saudi arabia. Materials and Methods: The current study was done on 600 Saudi patients from Aseer and Tabuk regions in Saudi arabia (50% males and 50% females) and divided into three equal groups (n = 200) according to the patients age: children and young patients (1 - 24 years old), adults patients (25 - 64 years old) and seniors patients (more than 65 years old). Plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), periodontal pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded from all participants. The data were collected and analyzed with SPSS to determine the mean and standard deviation (±SD) and the values of significance (P ≤ 0.005). Results: The results of the present study revealed that 340 patients (56.7%) were affected with gingivitis dental biofilm induced and 260 patients were affected by periodontitis. Gingivitis dental biofilm-induced is especially detected in children and young patients (33.3%), adult patients (16.7%) and seniors patients (6.7%) whereas periodontitis cases were seen among the adult and seniors patients (16.7%) and (26.6%) respectively. Furthermore, the present study displayed the higher severity and prevalence of gingivitis dental biofilm-induced and periodontitis among females more than males in group II and group III maybe due to hormonal changes. The present study saw that there are statistically significant differences in clinical findings in the comparison between groups of this study (P ≤ 0.005). Conclusion: We conclude that there is a relation between severity and types of periodontal diseases and the ages and genders of Saudi patients in Aseer and Tabuk regions, Saudi arabi

关键词： Aseer Periodontal Diseases Tabuk Saudi arabia

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