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Singlet Oxygen Generation and Photoinduced Charge Separation of Tetra Polyethyleneglycol Functionalized Zinc Phthalocyanine-Fullerene Dyad

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2016年第10期34卷 969-974页

作者： habtom.b. gobeze Ta Tram Chandra b. KC Robert R. Cantu Paul A. Karr Francis D'Souza Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle #305070 Denton TX 76203-5017 USA Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics Wayne State College 111 Main Street Wayne Nebraska 68787 USA Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Processes Institute (A MMPI) UNT-Discovery Park 3940 N. Elm St. #E132 Denton TX 76207-7102 USA

Utilization of polyethyleneglycol （PEG） functionalized zinc phthalocyanine, （PEG）4ZnPc in （i） singlet oxygen generation, and （ii） in building energy harvesting donor-acceptor systems using fullerene, C60 as an acceptor via the well-known metal-ligand axial coordination approach is reported. The （PEG）4ZnPe was found to be capable of producing singlet oxygen with a quantum yield, ooa of 0.77 in toluene, a value higher than that obtained for pristine （t-bu）4ZnPc （φ△=0.54） carrying no PEG groups, revealing its usefulness in photodynamic therapy applications. Spectroscopic studies revealed efficient binding of phenylimidazole functionalized fullerene, C60 Im with l ： 1 stoichiometry to （PEG）4ZnPc. binding constant K for the formation of （PEG）4ZnPc：ImC60 dyad was found to be 6 × 103 M 1 revealing moderate stability. Geometric and electronic studies of the dyad was arrived by b3LYP/3-21G（＊） method. The HOMO level was found to be on zinc phthalocyanine entity while the LUMO level was found to be on the C60 entity suggesting formation of （PEG）4ZnPc＊＋：ImC60＊ charge separated state during the process of electron transfer reaction. Redox studies on the （PEG）4ZnPc：ImC60 dyad enabled accurate determination of the oxidation and reduction potentials of the donor-acceptor system, and to evaluate free-energy changes associated for the charge separation process. Kinetics of photoinduced charge separation and recombination in the （PEG）4ZnPc：ImC60 dyad was investigated using femtosecond transient absorption studies. Relatively long-lived charge separated states were confirmed for the dyad suggesting their potential usefulness in energy harvesting applications.

关键词： singlet oxygen photoinduced charge separation zinc phthalocyanine fullerene self-assembly

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Ultra-fast Maize （Zea mays L.） Hybrid Growth Response to Plant Population Density

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(b) 2013年第5期3卷 334-343页

作者： gobeze Loha Yada Gert Michael Ceronio Leon Daniel Van Rensburg Department of Soil Crop and Climate Sciences P.O. Box 339 University of the Free State Bloemfontein South Africa Awassa Agricultural Research Center P.O. Box 06 Awassa Ethiopia

Current arable land and increasing food demand necessitates the practice of double and multiple cropping systems with inclusion of ultra-fast maize hybrids, which are characterized by smaller size, fewer leaves per plant, lower leaf area and fewer self-shading problems, under irrigation. In this context, a field experiment was conducted for two successive cropping seasons 2008/2009 to 2009/2010 at Kenilworth Experimental Station to evaluate the effect of row spacings and plant density on growth. Three row spacing （0.225, 0.45 and 0.90 m） and five plant densities （5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15 plants m^-2） were used. Treatments were combined in a factorial combination and laid out in a completely randomized design with replications consisting of five single plants randomly selected from each treatment for destructive sampling. Growth factors reacted differently to row spacing by plant density. At crop establishment, growth indicators were not significantly affected by either main effects or a combination thereof. However, at the end of the vegetative phase, almost all growth indicators reached a maximum and were significantly affected by treatment interactions. Growth analysis showed that there was an interaction effect of row spacing by plant density on plant height, dry matter （DM） accumulation, leaf area index （LAI）, crop growth rate （CGR） and net assimilation rate （NAR） of maize. Therefore, the current investigation demonstrated that a row spacing of 0.45 m or 0.90 m with a plant density of 10 plants m^-2 was optimum for the selected ultra-fast maize hybrid under irrigation.

关键词： Maize irrigation plant population yield row spacing

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