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Exosomes as therapeutic drug carriers and delivery vehicles across biological membranes:current perspectives and future challenges

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2016年第4期6卷 287-296页

作者： Dinh ha Ningning Yang Venkatareddy Nadithe Manchester University College of Pharmacy Natural & Health Sciences

Exosomes are small intracellular membrane-based vesicles with different compositions that are involved in several biological and pathological processes. The exploitation of exosomes as drug delivery vehicles offers important advantages compared to other nanoparticulate drug delivery systems such as liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles; exosomes are non-immunogenic in nature due to similar composition as body's own cells. In this article, the origin and structure of exosomes as well as their biological functions are outlined. We will then focus on specific applications of exosomes as drug delivery systems in pharmaceutical drug development. An overview of the advantages and challenges faced when using exosomes as a pharmaceutical drug delivery vehicles will also be discussed.

关键词： Exosomes Nanocarrier Extracellular vesicles Drug delivery systems

Biodistribution and preparation of technetium-99m-labeled D-D3 monoclonal antibody against pro-gastrin-releasing peptide ~31-98） in mice

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Chinese Medical Journal 2013年第7期126卷 1333-1336页

作者： ha0 Li-jun HONG Zhi-hui SHI Yi-zhen LIU Zeng-li ZHOU Xiao-lin Department of Ultrasound Jiangsu China Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Chinese Institute for Radiation Protection Taiyuan Shanxi 030006 China Department of Nuclear Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou 215004 Jiangsu China Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Chinese Institute for Radiation Protection Taiyuan Shanxi 030006 China

Background We previously reported that iodine-131（131^I）-Iabeled anti-pro-gastrin-releasing peptide （ProGRP（31-98）） monoclonal antibody D-D3 could selectively accumulate in the tumor sites of nude mice bearing small cell lung cancer （SCLC） xenografts. However, 1311-D-D3 was cleared slowly from the body, and the best radioimmunoimaging time for SCLC was 72-96 hours after injection. The aims of this study were to radiolabel anti-ProGRP（31-98） D-D3 monoclonal antibody with technetium-99m（99m^Tc） and to investigate the biodistribution of this antibody in healthy ICR mice. Methods D-D3was labeled with 99m^Tc via the 2-mercaptoethanol reduction method. 99m^Tc-D-g3 was purified by the gel column separation method. The labeling efficiency and radiochemical purity were measured by thin-layer chromatography. The immunological activity of 99m^Tc-D-O3 was determined with cell conjugation assays. 99m^Tc-D-D3 was injected into healthy ICR mice via a tail vein, and all the healthy ICR mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation at a designated time. Then, the blood and major organs were removed and weighed, and counted in a gamma scintillation counter to determine the percentage of the injected dose per gram （%ID/g）. Results The labeling rate and the radiochemical purity of 99m^TC-D-D3 were （73.87±2.89）% and （94.13±4.49）%, respectively. The immunobinding rates of 99m^Tc-O-D3 to the human small cell lung cancer NCI-H446 cell line and lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell line were （81.2±2.37）% and （24.3±1.46）%, respectively. The distribution data of normal ICR mice demonstrated that 99m^TC-D-D3was mainly distributed in the liver, kidney and lung, and less in the brain tissue and muscle. Conclusions 99m^Tc-D-D3 antibody not only had high radiochemical purity, but also had good stability both in vitro and in vivo, and maintained good immunological activity. 99m^Tc-D-D3 was metabolized mainly in the kidney and liver, and the blood radioactivity decreased rapidly. Thus, 99m^Tc-O-D3 is conduci

关键词： 99m^Tc-D-D3 monoclonal antibody pro-gastrin-releasing peptide(31-98)

Integrated strategies on cobalt phosphides-based electrocatalysts for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction

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Tungsten 2024年第3期6卷 488-503页

作者： Thanh Dam Mai ha Huu Do Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Technology Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and TradeHo Chi Minh City 700000Vietnam VKTech Research Center NTT Hi-Tech InstituteNguyen Tat Thanh UniversityHo Chi Minh City 700000Vietnam

The development of cost-effective and durable hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)electrocatalysts plays a vital role in dealing with the issues related to carbon dioxide *** phosphide-based nanomaterials are evaluated as promising advocates for HER due to high catalytic activities,good stability,and rich *** review commences with an exploration of the synthetic pathways of CoP,including solid-phase,solution-phase along with electrochemical ***,the mechanism of hydrogen formation is expressed thoroughly,after which various integrated strategies of morphology engineering with doping,assisted highly conductive materials,and construction of heterostructure were introduced for ***,burdensome tasks and possible guidance for the advancement of CoP-based nanomaterials were discussed for hydrogen production.

关键词： Cobalt phosphides Nanomaterials Electrocatalysts Hydrogen evolution reaction

Biocompatibility evaluation in vitro. Part III: Cytotoxicity expression of human and animal osteoblasts on the biomaterials

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Journal of Central South University 2001年第3期13卷 147-155页

作者： RUAN Jian-ming 1,M.H. Grant 2 (1. State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changs ha 410083, China 2. Bioengineering Unit, Strathclyde University, Glasgow, G4 0NW, UK) 1. State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy Central South University 410083 Changsha China 2. Bioengineering Unit Strathclyde University G4 0NW Glasgow UK

Exclusion and inflammation in the clinic are observe d for various reas ons including material che- mical composition, physical properties as well a s macr o- and micro-structure of the implants, surface condition of the implants, and also patient dependent factors. Cytotoxicity expression of cells is a central issue i n current biocompatibility to screen the potential implant materials and drugs. This study was aimed at investigation reaction between the potential implant mat erials and surround tissue. Cytotoxicity of human and rat osteoblast in the mate rial extracts was determinated by testing standards such as GHS assay, MTT assay , alkaline phosphatase activity assay, LDH assay, and Lowry assay. Research resu lts demonstrated that compared with the control condition polystyrene culture pl a te both human and rat osteoblast cells have normal phenotypic expression in hydr oxyapatite extract, and this expression was statistically restricted in hydroxya patite-spinel extract. How- ever, this restrict, e.g. cytotoxicity could be partially eliminated by immersion treatment of the materials in culture medium.

关键词： biomaterial cytotoxicity biological molecular technique

Thinning effects on walnut stem and crown diameter growth and fruiting in the walnut-fruit forests of Kyrgyzstan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第9期13卷 1558-1566页

作者： Jean-Pierre SORG Zora Lea URECH Davlet MAMADZhaN0V Maik REHNUS Groupe deforesterie pour le developpement Department of Environmental SciencesETH Zurich8092 ZurichSwitzerland HEL VETAS Swiss Intercooperation 3001 BerneSwitzerland Laboratory of Forest Resources Forest Research Institute720015 BishkekKyrgyzstan Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Ziircherstrasse 1118903 BirmensdorfSwitzerland

The walnut-fruit forests （Juglans regia L.） in southern Kyrgyzstan are considered to be biodiversity hotspots and of considerable economic and ecological importance to local populations. The fruiting ability and stability of these forests are, however, decreasing because of infrequent silvicultural interventions and non-existent natural regeneration. Continuous inventories and walnut harvest measurements were carded out on 18 trial and control plots over the course of i3 year. Results showed that i） thinning had a positive influence on diameter at breast height （dbh） increase, ii） dbh growth and crown area increases are strongly and positively correlated, iii） large crowns enhanced the production of fruits, and iv） temperature conditions had a major influence on the production of fruits. The above-mentioned points are particularly relevant for young plantations but are also valid for relatively old plantations （〉 50 years）. We conclude that regular thinning substantially improves diameter growth, fruit production and ability of trees to withstand wind and snow damage in both young stands and in older walnut-fruit forests.

关键词： Juglans regia Silviculture Orchardmanagement Fruit harvest Nut production

Analytical evaluation and experimental validation on dynamic rocking behavior for shallow foundation considering structural response

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2022年第1期21卷 37-51页

作者： Kil-Wan Ko Jeong-Gon ha Dong-Soo Kim Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering UC BerkeleyCalifornia 94720USA Advanced Structures and Seismic Safety Research Division Daejeon 34057Korea Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering KAISTDaejeon 34141Korea

The challenge in the practical application of rocking foundations is the estimation of its performance,particularly the rotation angle,during a strong *** this study,the dynamic rocking behavior for a shallow foundation considering structural response was evaluated through two analytical approaches:the conventional soil-foundation-structure interaction(SFSI)governing equation of a single-degree-of-freedom(SDOF)structure on a rocking shallow foundation,and the Housner rocking model(i.e.,a rocking rigid block on a rigid base).Both approaches were validated with dynamic centrifuge *** test models consisted of a soft soil deposit,a shallow rectangular foundation,and an SDOF structure dominated by a bending behavior.A total of 11 foundation-structure systems and six seismic waves,including recorded earthquake signals and sinusoidal waves,were *** results showed that the conventional SFSI equation well predicted the maximum rotation during strong ***,this method was less accurate regarding the rotational phase information and maximum rotation of the foundation during weak *** the other hand,although the modified Housner′s rocking model required five parameters relevant to a soil-foundation-structure system,it overestimated the maximum rotation of the foundation when compared with the results from dynamic centrifuge tests.

关键词： soil-foundation-structure interaction maximum rotation angle rocking foundation Housner rocking model dynamic centrifuge test

LR members in inflammation-associated arcinogenesis

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2017年第5期14卷 403-405页

作者： ha Zhu Xuetao Cao Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310058 China National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology Second Military Med- ical University Shanghai 200433 China Department of Immunology & Center for Immu- notherapy Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing 100005 China

Chronic inflammation is regarded as an impor- tant factor in cancer progression. In addition to the immune surveillance function in the early stage of tumorigenesis, inflammation is also known as one of the hallmarks of cancer and can supply the tumor microenvironment with bioactive mole- cules and favor the development of other hallmarks of cancer, such as genetic instability and angiogen- esis, Moreover,

关键词： NLR members inflammation-associated carcinogenesis

The Wavelet Property of the Geomagnetic Anomaly Signal

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Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 1997年第4期2卷 244-248页

作者： Jiangfa L IN &Gang WANG&Saizhen ZhaNG&Yaosong CHEN (Dept. of Mech.,Peking Univ.,Bei Jing 1 0 0 871 ,P.R.China) Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science Peking University Beijing 100871 China

In this study,wavelet analysis is utilized to analyze the geomagnetic signals for oil- gas exploration,in order to show the relation between the wavelet property of the geomagnetic signals and the underground treasure. At first,the global geomagnetic anomaly signal in the oil exploration is ***,with the wavelet theory the geomagnetic signals of an oil- gas field is *** preliminary wavelet analysis shows thatthe underground oil- gas location can be determined with the help of its regional high frequency signal distributions.

关键词： wavelet analysis geomagnetic anomaly high frequency

北祁连山高压变质带的变形和变质特征及其对俯冲带折返的意义

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岩石学报 2009年第9期25卷 2235-2246页

作者：曹毅宋述光 CA0 Peking Univ MOE Key Lab Orogen Belts & Crustal Evolut Dept Geol Beijing 100871 Peoples R China

北祁连造山带是早古生代大洋板块"冷"俯冲的典型地区,形成了一系列高压低温变质的岩石组合。基性榴辉岩是俯冲洋壳变质的产物,根据其结构构造特征可以划分为(1)粒状榴辉岩,峰期变质矿物组合为Grt+Omp+Phn+Rut±Lws,硬柱石呈包裹体和假... 详细信息

北祁连造山带是早古生代大洋板块"冷"俯冲的典型地区,形成了一系列高压低温变质的岩石组合。基性榴辉岩是俯冲洋壳变质的产物,根据其结构构造特征可以划分为(1)粒状榴辉岩,峰期变质矿物组合为Grt+Omp+Phn+Rut±Lws,硬柱石呈包裹体和假象分布于石榴石内,变质温压条件T=465～508℃,p=2.30～2.60GPa。(2)片状榴辉岩,岩石具片状构造,其共生矿物组合Omp+Czo/Ep+Phn+Gln构成透入性面理S_1和线理L_1,以及宏观和显微同斜褶皱F_1。其峰期变质温压条件为T=466～510℃,P=1.9～2.2GPa。(3)蓝片岩相退化变质榴辉岩,蓝片岩相变质矿物Gln+Ep+Phn±Ab强烈交代榴辉岩相矿物,并发生强烈D_2期变形作用,岩石形成明显的透入性面理S_2和线理L_2,以及同斜剪切褶皱F_2。蓝闪石和多硅白云母线理的统计揭示D_2期变形以斜向走滑剪切为主,与D_1期变形的榴辉岩的运动学特征大体相似。D_2同变质的温压条件为T=422～487℃,P=1.15～1.37GPa。高压变质带晚期的绿片岩相叠加和D_3期变形,形成透入性面理S_3和线理L_3,其运动特征为近于垂直构造线的逆冲剪切。结合榴辉岩变形特征,变质温压条件和同位素年代学资料,我们认为退变质的强弱与变形程度有密切关系。峰期变质后的榴辉岩经过早期绿帘石榴辉岩相到蓝片岩相斜向走滑剪切,和晚期绿片岩相逆冲,在泥盆纪早期快速折返的出露地表。

关键词：北祁连山高压变质带变形变质特征俯冲带折返 implications 榴辉岩相峰期变质温压条件 mineral assemblage 蓝片岩相 North Qilian Mountains isotopic geochronology 走滑剪切线理绿片岩相矿物组合变质矿物 movement Early Paleozoic