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Probability mass first flush evaluation for combined sewer discharges

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第6期22卷 915-922页

作者： Inhyeok Park Hongmyeong Kim Soo-Kwon Chae Sungryong ha Department of Urban Engineering Chungbuk National University Ecowiz Corporation Cheongju School of Human & Environmental Sciences Eulji University

The Korea government has put in a lot of effort to construct sanitation facilities for controlling non-point source pollution. The first flush phenomenon is a prime example of such pollution. However, to date, several serious problems have arisen in the operation and treatment effectiveness of these facilities due to unsuitable design flow volumes and pollution loads. It is difficult to assess the optimal flow volume and pollution mass when considering both monetary and temporal limitations. The objective of this article was to characterize the discharge of storm runoff pollution from urban catchments in Korea and to estimate the probability of mass first flush （MFFn） using the storm water management model and probability density functions. As a result of the review of gauged storms for the representative using probability density function with rainfall volumes during the last two years, all the gauged storms were found to be valid representative precipitation. Both the observed MFFn and probability MFFn in BE-1 denoted similarly large magnitudes of first flush with roughly 40% of the total pollution mass contained in the first 20% of the runoff. In the case of BE-2, however, there were significant difference between the observed MFFn and probability MFFn.

关键词： first flush combined sewer overflows (CSOs) probability mass first flush storm water management model best management practices

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五个氨基酸磷光性质的研究

生物化学与生物物理进展 1997年第1期24卷 60-63页

作者：黄如衡军事医学科学院毒物药物研究所北京100850

研究了 5个氨基酸的磷光特性、光谱、寿命和最小检测量 .以色氨酸 (Trp)的磷光最强 ,在λex/λem=2 90 /4 38nm ,最小检测量为 1ng ,酪氨酸 (Tyr)其次 ( 2 84 /390nm)为Trp的 1 /1 0 ,苯丙氨酸 (Phe)在 2 76/386nm ,脯氨酸 (Pro)在 30 8... 详细信息

研究了 5个氨基酸的磷光特性、光谱、寿命和最小检测量 .以色氨酸 (Trp)的磷光最强 ,在λex/λem=2 90 /4 38nm ,最小检测量为 1ng ,酪氨酸 (Tyr)其次 ( 2 84 /390nm)为Trp的 1 /1 0 ,苯丙氨酸 (Phe)在 2 76/386nm ,脯氨酸 (Pro)在 30 8/4 54nm ,组氨酸 (His)在 32 0 /4 66nm ,其磷光只有Trp的 1 % .Phe与Trp磷光寿命最长 ,在 7s左右 ;His最短 ,只有 0 4 9s;Tyr 2 8s,Pro 1 34s.另外研究氨基酸在甲醇 ,乙醇 ,丙醇 ,丁醇中及pH对氨基酸磷光性质的影响 .还计算了Stokes位移能量及激化态 pK a

关键词：氨基酸膦光性质磷光

A voltage-controlled chaotic oscillator based on carbon nanotube field-effect transistor for low-power embedded systems

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第5期23卷 617-622页

作者： Van ha Nguyen Wonkyeong Park Namtae Kim hanjung Song Department of Nano Systems Engineering Inje University Department of Electronics Engineering Inje University Center for Nano Manufacturing Inje University

This paper presents a compact and low-power-based discrete-time chaotic oscillator based on a carbon nanotube field-effect transistor implemented using Wong and Deng＇s well-known model. The chaotic circuit is composed of a nonlinear circuit that creates an adjustable chaos map, two sample and hold cells for capture and delay functions, and a voltage shifter that works as a buffer and adjusts the output voltage for feedback. The operation of the chaotic circuit is verified with the SPICE software package, which uses a supply voltage of 0.9 V at a frequency of 20 kHz. The time series, frequency spectra, transitions in phase space, sensitivity with the initial condition diagrams, and bifurcation phenomena are presented. The main advantage of this circuit is that its chaotic signal can be generated while dissipating approximately 7.8 μW of power, making it suitable for embedded systems where many chaos-signal generators are required on a single chip.

关键词： chaos generator carbon nanotube field-effect transistor bifurcation random noise generator

Investigation of Punch Resistance of the Allomyrira dichtoloma Beetle Forewing

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2018年第1期15卷 57-68页

作者： Ngoc San ha Vinh Tung Le Nam Seo Goo Smart Microsystem Research Laboratory Department of Advanced Technology Fusion Division of Interdisciplinary Studies Konkuk University Seou105029 Republic of Korea Faculty of Science Engineering and Technology Swinburne University of Technology Hawthorn VIC 3122 Australia

In this study, the punch resistance of the beetle forewing was investigated to address the ability of the forewing against the external force. The punch resistance of the forewing was measured for different sizes and sexes of beetles using a conventional testing method in conjunction with the Digital Image Correlation （DIC） technique. The results showed that the maximum fracture load was measured around 23 N for the female beetle and around 20.2 N for the male beetle in the front-side punch test. Moreover, the fracture load in the front-side punch test was higher than that in the back-side punch test for both male and female beetles. This means that the beetle forewing plays a protection role against external loads. Furthermore, the puncture energy in the front-side punch test for the female beetle （6.91 m J） was a little higher than that for the male beetle （5.27 mJ）. In addition, the DIC results revealed that the first crack occurred along the trachea line and the second crack then appeared in the direction that was perpendicular to the direction of the first crack. This study provides a com- prehensive understanding of the mechanical protection properties of the beetle forewing and offers a good lesson for studying lightweight bio-inspired composite material.

关键词： beetle forewing punch test punch energy digital image correlation

Porous Iron Single Crystals at 2 cm Scale Delivering Enhanced Electrocatalysis Performance

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2020年第11期39卷 2033-2040页

作者： CHENG Fang-Yuan MYUNG Jae-ha XIE Kui College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350007China Key Laboratory of Design&Assembly of Functional Nanostructures Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002China

Porous single crystals would significantly enhance their catalysis functionalities owing to the combination of structural coherence and porous microstructures. Porous single crystals have wormhole microstructures and then we define them as wormcrystals. The twisted surfaces in porous microstructures would produce surface lattice distortions that give rise to high-energy active surfaces. Here we grow porous iron single crystals at an unprecedented 2 cm scale with a lattice reconstruction strategy and create high-energy surfaces through the control of lattice distortions within a thickness region of 1~2 nm. The porous iron crystal therefore boosts electrochemical reduction of nitrobenzene to aminobenzene with ~100% conversion and > 95% selectivity. The exceptionally high current densities with porous iron crystals represent the first level electrocatalysis performance. The current work would open a new pathway not only to the creation of high energy surfaces but also to the growth of porous single crystals at large scales in wealth of other materials.

关键词： porous single crystals twisted surfaces lattice distortions electrocatalysis

Liquid metal as energy transportation medium or coolant under harsh environment with temperature below zero centigrade

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Frontiers in Energy 2014年第1期8卷 49-61页

作者： Yunxia GA0 Lei WANG haiyan LI Jing LIU Key Lab of Cryogenics and Beijing Key Lab of CryoBiomedicalEngineering Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry ChineseAcademy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine TsinghuaUniversity Beijing 100084 China

The current highly integrated electronics and energy systems are raising a growing demand for more sophisticated thermal management in harsh environments such as in space or some other cryogenic environment. Recently, it was found that room temperature liquid metals （RTLM） such as gallium or its alloys could significantly reduce the electronics temperature compared with the conventional coolant, like water, oil or more organic fluid. However, most of the works were focused on RTLM which may subject to freeze under low temperature. So far, a systematic interpretation on the preparation and thermal properties of liquid metals under low temperature （here defined as lower than O^C） has not yet been available and related applications in cryogenic field have been scarce. In this paper, to promote the research along this important direction and to overcome the deficiency of RTLM, a comprehensive evaluation was proposed on the concept of liquid metal with a low melting point below zero centigrade, such as mercury, alkali metal and more additional alloy candidates. With many unique virtues, such liquid metal coolants are expected to open a new technical frontier for heat transfer enhancement, especially in low temperature engineering. Some innovative ways for making low melting temperature liquid metal were outlined to provide a clear theoretical guideline and perform further experiments to discover new materials. Further, a few promising applied situations where low melting temperature liquid metals could play irreplaceableroles were detailed. Finally, some main factors for optimization of low temperature coolant were summarized. Overall, with their evident merits to meet various critical requirements in modem advanced energy and power industries, liquid metals with a low melting temperature below zero centigrade are expected to be the next- generation high-performance heat transfer medium in thermal managements, especially in harsh environment in space.

关键词： liquid metal cryogenics low melting point,thermal management aircraft liquid cooling spaceexploration

Thresholdless coherence in a superradiant laser

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第11期13卷 2549-2555页

作者： Seung-Hoon Oh Jinuk Kim Junseo ha Gibeom Son Kyungwon An Department of Physics and Astronomy&Institute of Applied Physics Seoul National UniversitySeoulKorea Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science DaejeonKorea

Lasing threshold in the conventional lasers is the minimum input power required to initiate laser *** has been widely accepted that the conventional laser threshold occurring around a unity intracavity photon number can be eliminated in the input-output curve by making the so-calledβparameter approach *** recent experiments,however,have revealed that even in this case the photon statistics still undergo a transition from coherent to thermal statistics when the intracavity mean photon number is decreased below *** the coherent output is only available above the diminished threshold,the long-sought promise of thresholdless lasers to produce always coherent light has become ***,we present an always-coherent thresholdless laser based on superradiance by two-level atoms in a quantum superposition state with the same phase traversing a high-Q *** lasing was observed without the conventional lasing threshold around the unity photon number and the photon statistics remained near coherent even below *** coherence was improved by reducing the coupling constant as well as the excited-state amplitude in the superposition *** results pave a way toward always-coherent thresholdless lasers with more practical media such as quantum dots,nitrogen-vacancy centers and doped ions in crystals.

关键词： laser coherent lasing

Responses of CO_2 in surface water in subtropical West Pacific to El Nio event

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2001年第1期20卷 39-50页

作者： Xing Runan 1, Ma Liming 2, Qiao Ran 2,Wang Zhanggui 21 .TrainingCenterofChineseMeteorologicalAdministration ,Beijing 10 0 0 81,China2 .NationalResearchCenterforMarineEnvironmentalForecasts ,StateOceanicAdministration ,Beijing 10 0 0 81,China

In order to investigate the relationships between the change of T CO 2 , Δ P CO 2 and SST, current, upwelling and biological activities during El Nio event in the subtropical Pacific, the responses of T CO 2 and Δ P CO 2 in surface water in the subtropical Pacific during El Nio and La Nina have been simulated using a three dimension carbon cycle model with biota pump. The results of numerical simulations show that T CO 2 in sea water increases with reducing of SST during mature phase of El Nio in the subtropical West Pacific . At the same period ,the Kuroshio in this region was weakened ,the zonal currents were divergence , the upwelling carried the water with high concentrations of CO 2 to the sea surface , so both of T CO 2 and Δ P CO 2 in surface water were increased . But T CO 2 and Δ P CO 2 were decreased during La Nina period. These simulated results confirmed the observations in 1982/1983 , 1986/1987 , 1991/1995 and 1997/1998 El Nio events .

关键词： CO 2 El Nio the subtropical West Pacific

Hydrophobic tag tethering degrader as a promising paradigm of protein degradation:Past,present and future perspectives

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第8期35卷 187-200页

作者： Si ha Jiacheng Zhu Hua Xiang Guoshun Luo State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing 211198China

Small molecule inhibitors have dominated the pharmaceutical landscape for a long time as the primary therapeutic paradigm targeting pathogenic ***,their efficacy heavily relies on the amino acid composition and spatial constitution of proteins,rendering them susceptible to drug resistance and failing to target undruggable *** recent years,the advent of targeted protein degradation(TPD)technology has captured substantial attention from both industry and *** an event-driven mode,TPD offers a novel approach to eliminate pathogenic proteins by promoting their degrada-tion,thus circumventing the limitations associated with traditional small molecule ***-bic tag tethering degrader(HyTTD)technology represents one such TPD approach that is currently in the burgeoning *** employ endogenous protein degradation systems to induce the degrada-tion of target proteins through the proteasome pathway,which displays significant potential for medical *** this review,we provide a comprehensive overview of the development history and the reported mechanism of action of ***,we delve into the physiological roles,structure-activity re-lationships,and medical implications of HyTTDs targeting various disease-associated ***,we propose insights into the challenges that necessitate resolution for the successful development of HyTTDs,with the ultimate goal of initiating a new age of clinical treatment leveraging the immense po-tential of HyTTDs.

关键词： Targeted protein degradation(TPD) Hydrophobic tag Degrader Hydrophobic tag tethering degrader(HyTTD) Targeted therapy