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中国科技伦理治理的问题挑战及对策建议

科学学研究 2024年第8期42卷 1569-1576,1595页

作者：宋应登霍竹邓益志科技部科技评估中心北京100081

科技伦理是开展科学研究、技术开发等科技活动需要遵循的价值理念和行为规范。党的二十大报告提出要完善科技创新体系,加强科技伦理治理是完善科技创新体系的重要内容,也是中国实现高水平科技自立自强的重要方面。中国科技伦理治理面临... 详细信息

科技伦理是开展科学研究、技术开发等科技活动需要遵循的价值理念和行为规范。党的二十大报告提出要完善科技创新体系,加强科技伦理治理是完善科技创新体系的重要内容,也是中国实现高水平科技自立自强的重要方面。中国科技伦理治理面临增强国际科技竞争力、加强新兴科技领域伦理监管、合理平衡科技创新与伦理监管等形势和挑战,通过分析科技伦理治理存在的制度待完善、监管待健全、伦理审查待规范、各类专业支撑人才不足、科技工作者伦理意识待提高、公众和新闻媒体参与伦理治理有待加强、参与国际科技伦理治理不足等问题,提出加强中国科技伦理治理的对策建议,为中国特色科技伦理治理体系构建提供借鉴。

关键词：科技伦理科技伦理治理伦理监管治理体系

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英国科技伦理监管体系研究与启示

中国科技论坛 2024年第8期 179-188页

作者：宋应登霍竹邓益志科技部科技评估中心北京100081

英国是科技创新强国,向来重视科技伦理的合理有效监管,已建立涉及多个领域的科技伦理监管体系。通过研究英国科技伦理监管法规政策制度和实验动物、卫生健康、转基因与生态环境、数据、人工智能以及财政资助计划项目等领域的伦理监管体... 详细信息

英国是科技创新强国,向来重视科技伦理的合理有效监管,已建立涉及多个领域的科技伦理监管体系。通过研究英国科技伦理监管法规政策制度和实验动物、卫生健康、转基因与生态环境、数据、人工智能以及财政资助计划项目等领域的伦理监管体制机制,分析总结英国科技伦理监管体系的经验及特点,本文认为英国内政部负责的实验动物管理体制、独特的卫生健康伦理监管系统、重视财政资助计划项目伦理监管以及有效的信息化平台支撑是英国科技伦理监管体系的特色,对中国加强科技伦理治理具有一定借鉴意义。就此提出加强科技伦理治理的相关启示及建议,为构建适合中国特色的科技伦理治理体系提供借鉴。

关键词：科技伦理科技伦理监管英国伦理监管科技伦理治理

Impact of Gully on Soil Moisture of Shrubland in Wind-Water Erosion Crisscross Region of the Loess Plateau

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Pedosphere 2008年第5期18卷 674-680页

作者： huo zhu SHAO Ming-An R. HORTON Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 （China）. Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 （China） Agronomy Department of Iowa State University Ames IA 50011-1010 （USA）

The most serious erosion on the Loess Plateau of China exists in the wind-water erosion crisscross region where the annual precipitation is about 400 mm,the ecological environment is very fragile,and water is the key limiting factor for improving the environment. In this study,changes of soil moisture content for Caragana korshinskii Kom. shrubland in the gully bank of the Loess Plateau were studied using the methods of soil sampling and neutron probe. A typical gully(75 m long,28 m wide,and 10 m deep) was selected,and six neutron probe access tubes(6 m long) were installed at points 50,100,200,300,400,and 500 cm from the gully border for obtaining soil moisture data from July to October 2004 at approximately 10 d intervals. Soil samplings were simultaneously carried out for moisture determination at the six points. Results showed that the soil moisture of the shrubland in the gully bank significantly varied between 300 and 400 cm in the horizontal direction and up to 600 cm in vertical direction of the gully. Seasonal changes in soil moisture revealed a curve with a single peak that occurred at the end of August or early September. A linear regression equation was fit for soil water storage and the distance from the gully border,with coefficients depending on rainfall characteristics,sampling point,and time of measurement.

关键词： erosion gully shrubland soil moisture

Iterative learning control of SOFC based on ARX identification model

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2007年第12期8卷 1921-1927页

作者： huo Hai-bo zhu Xin-jian TU Heng-yong Fuel Cell Research lnstitute Department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China

This paper presents an application of iterative learning control (ILC) technique to the voltage control of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack. To meet the demands of the control system design, an autoregressive model with exogenous input (ARX) is established. Firstly, by regulating the variation of the hydrogen flow rate proportional to that of the current, the fuel utilization of the SOFC is kept within its admissible range. Then, based on the ARX model, three kinds of ILC controllers, i.e. P-, PI- and PD-type are designed to keep the voltage at a desired level. Simulation results demonstrate the potential of the ARX model applied to the control of the SOFC, and prove the excellence of the ILC controllers for the voltage control of the SOFC.

关键词： Autoregressive model with exogenous input (ARX) lterative learning control (ILC) Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) Identification

Thickness monitoring and discontinuous degradation mechanism of wear lining refractories for refining ladle

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2022年第7期29卷 1110-1118页

作者： Yan-zhu huo Hua-zhi Gu Juan Yang Ao Huang Zheng Ma The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081HubeiChina School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081HubeiChina Zhejiang Zili High Temperature Technology Co. Ltd.Shaoxing 312300ZhejiangChina

As a functional metallurgical container for molten steel,refining ladle has a great influence on the smelting safety and quality of *** online monitoring of the residual thickness for ladle lining was applied to increase the smelting efficiency and *** is found that the ladle refractories show obvious discontinuous degradation characteristics through the monitoring ***,the degradation of low-carbon magnesia–carbon brick at slag line and corundum-based castable at steel bath was calculated according to the established corrosion model and crack propagation model,*** discontinuous degradation mechanism of the ladle refractories is illustrated,which is of great significance to the optimal configuration of the ladle lining refractories.

关键词： Refining ladle Refractory Discontinuous degradation Monitoring Modeling

Recent advances in the construction of axially chiral arylpyrroles

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中国科学:化学英文版 2023年第9期66卷 2480-2491页

作者： Yang-Bo Chen Ye-Nan Yang Xuan-zhu huo Long-Wu Ye Bo Zhou Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China

Catalytic enantioselective preparation of axially chiral molecules has gained considerable interest over the past decades, due to their numerous applications in bioactive molecules, natural products, pharmaceuticals, materials, ligands, and catalysts. Compared with the well-established synthetic approaches for six-membered axially chiral skeletons, methodologies directed towards five-membered axially chiral compounds are relatively rare. Among these, axially chiral arylpyrroles are especially important structural motifs with wide utility, and the atroposelective synthesis of them is highly desirable. In recent years, novel strategies have been developed based on transition-metal catalysis and organocatalysis. This review summarizes the recent achievements in atroposelective preparation of arylpyrroles, by emphasizing the synthetic methods for each axially chiral framework, reaction mechanisms, and applications.

关键词： axial chirality pyrrole atropisomers transition-metal catalysis organocatalysis

Enhancing lithium-sulfur battery performance with In_(2)O_(3)-In_(2)S_(3)@NSC heterostructures:Synergistic effects of double barrier and catalytic transformation

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第2期169卷 105-114页

作者： Deqing He Chunyu zhu Yutao huo Zhonghao Rao School of Energy and Environmental Engineering Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300401China Hebei Key Laboratory of Thermal Science and Energy Clean Utilization Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300401China School of Low-carbon Energy and Power Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China

The sluggish redox reaction kinetics of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)are considered the main obstacle to the commercial application of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)*** accelerate the conversion by catalysis and inhibit the shuttling of soluble LiPSs in Li-S batteries,a solution is proposed in this *** solution involves fabrication of N,S co-doped carbon coated In_(2)O_(3)/In_(2)S_(3)heterostructure(In_(2)O_(3)-In_(2)S_(3)@NSC)as a multifunctional host material for the *** In_(2)O_(3)-In_(2)S_(3)@NSC composite can reduce the Gibbs free energy for the conversion reactions of LiPSs,which results in superior *** synergy between different components in In_(2)O_(3)-In_(2)S_(3)@NSC and the unique 3D structure facilitate ion and electron transport in Li-S *** In_(2)O_(3)-In_(2)S_(3)@NSC/Li 2 S 6 cathode exhibits excellent rate capacity,with a capacity of 599 mAh g−1 at 5.5 C,and good cycle stability,with a capacity of 436 mAh g^(−1)after 1000 cycles at 1 ***,this study proposes a promising solution to improve the energy storage properties of Li-S batteries,which could potentially facilitate the commercialization of Li-S batteries.

关键词： Li-S battery Multifunctional host material Synergy Heterostructures Energy storage properties

颠覆性技术创新项目评估模型构建——基于合成生物学的分析

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科技管理研究 2024年第11期44卷 155-163页

作者：郭琳娜闫冬霍竹石峰席红梅张如锦科技部科技评估中心北京100081

针对缺乏颠覆性技术创新项目特点的评估指标的问题,围绕颠覆性技术创新项目的质量、贡献和绩效价值,建立基于战略生态位理论的颠覆性技术创新科技项目分析模型。基于该模型,以合成生物学为例,从保护空间构建、创新成果和创新贡献三方面... 详细信息

针对缺乏颠覆性技术创新项目特点的评估指标的问题,围绕颠覆性技术创新项目的质量、贡献和绩效价值,建立基于战略生态位理论的颠覆性技术创新科技项目分析模型。基于该模型,以合成生物学为例,从保护空间构建、创新成果和创新贡献三方面开展分析,提炼实施和管理特色措施,提出评估框架。在此基础上,分析提出适于颠覆性技术创新项目的评估模型和12个方面具体评估内容。最后提出相关政策建议。所提出评估模型和内容对指导相关评估具积极意义。

关键词：颠覆性技术创新合成生物学科技项目评估

Characterization and mechanism of dissolution behavior of Al_(2)O_(3)/MgO oxides in molten slags

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2022年第11期29卷 1711-1722页

作者： Yan-zhu huo Hua-zhi Gu Ao Huang Bei-yue Ma Liu-gang Chen Guang-qiang Li Ya-wei Li The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081HubeiChina School of Metallurgy Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819LiaoningChina Henan Key Laboratory of High Temperature Functional Ceramics Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001HenanChina

Al_(2)O_(3)-and MgO-based oxides are among the most common oxides in the steelmaking *** exist as the main components of refractories,inclusions,or ***_(2)O_(3)-and MgO-based oxides interact with molten slags continuously during the steel smelting process,which may lead to the dissolution and absorption of the oxides by molten slags,or reactions between oxides and molten slags to form intermediate *** the dissolution behavior of Al_(2)O_(3)-and MgO-based oxides in molten slags is important for prolonging the service life of refractories and removing inclusions in molten ***,Al_(2)O_(3)-and MgO-based oxides are considered,and the test methods,dissolution mechanisms,and influencing factors are comprehensively introduced,which can provide a foundation for refractories wear and high-quality steel smelting.

关键词： Al_(2)O_(3)/MgO oxide Slag corrosion Refractory wear Inclusion Dissolution mechanism