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A Study of the Migration and Accumulation Efficiency and the Genesis of Hydrocarbon Natural Gas in the Xujiaweizi Fault Depression

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2008年第3期82卷 629-635页

作者： LI Jijun LU Shuangfang XUE Haitao huo qiuli XU Qingxia College of Earth Sciences Daqing Petroleum Institute Daqing Heilongjiang 163318 Exploration and Development Research Institute of the Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd. Daqing Heilongjiang 163712

In order to investigate the migration and accumulation efficiency of hydrocarbon natural gas in the Xujiaweizi fault depression, and to provide new evidence for the classification of its genesis, a source rock pyrolysis experiment in a closed system was designed and carried out. Based on this, kinetic models for describing gas generation from organic matter and carbon isotope fractionation during this process were established, calibrated and then extrapolated to geologic conditions by combining the thermal history data of the Xushen-1 Well. The results indicate that the coal measures in the Xujiaweizi fault depression are typical ＂high-efficiency gas sources＂, the natural gas generated from them has a high migration and accumulation efficiency, and consequently a large-scale natural gas accumulation occurred in the area. The highly/over matured coal measures in the Xujiaweizi fault depression generate coaliferous gas with a high δ^13C1 value （〉 -20‰） at the late stage, making the carbon isotope composition of organic alkane gases abnormally heavy. In addition, the mixing and dissipation through the caprock of natural gas can result in the negative carbon isotope sequence （δ^13C1 〉δ^13C2 〉δ^13C3 〉δ^13C4） of organic alkane gases, and the dissipation can also lead to the abnormally heavy carbon isotope composition of organic alkane gases. As for the discovery of inorganic nonhydrocarbon gas reservoirs, it can only serve as an accessorial evidence rather than a direct evidence that the hydrocarbon gas is inorganic. As a result, it needs stronger evidence to classify the hydrocarbon natural gas in the Xujiaweizi fault depression as inorganic gas.

关键词： Xujiaweizi fault depression hydrocarbon natural gas migration and accumulation efficiency genesis carbon isotope fractionation kinetics

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A new method for evaluating the oil mobility based on the relationship between pore structure and state of oil

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第6期14卷 432-449页

作者： Longhui Bai Bo Liu Xiaofei Fu Qinhong Hu qiuli huo Liu Wang Qiming Wang Li FuMehdi Ostadhassan Key Laboratory of Continental Shale Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Efficient Development Ministry of EducationNortheast Petroleum UniversityDaqing 163318China Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Texas at ArlingtonTX 76019USA Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580China Research Institute of Exploration and Development of Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd. Daqing 163712China

An accurate evaluation of the shale oil mobility is crucial to its cost-effective *** study presents a method to assess shale oil mobility by integrating the pore structure and oil states ***,a set of three discrete organic extracts(EOM-A,B and C)were obtained by sequential *** relationships among the EOMs and the oil states were inferred from the group compositions and fluorescence properties of the produced shale oil(free state).The results showed that EOMs A and B represent free oil in the open and closed pores,respectively,while the EOM-C represents adsorbed ***,NMR T_(1)-T_(2)map is used to determine the T_(2-cutoff)values that indicate the pore size ranges of different oil *** oil resides mainly in larger pore space(T_(2)>0.5 ms),while the adsorbed oil in smaller pore space(0.2 ms0.5 and T_(2-cutoff)>1.0 ms suggest that the free oil in connected pores has the highest *** work can provide a reference for evaluating the shale oil potential and prospectivity in other regions.

关键词： Qingshankou Formation Sequential extraction NMR T_(1)-T_(2) Free and adsorbed oil Shale oil mobility

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Depositional environment of terrestrial petroleum source rocks and geochemical indicators in the Songliao Basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2011年第9期54卷 1304-1317页

作者： FENG ZiHui FANG Wei LI ZhenGuang WANG Xue huo qiuli HUANG ChunYan ZHANG JuHe ZENG HuaSen School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China Exploration and Development Research Institute Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd. Daqing 163712 China

To determine geochemical indicators for depositional environment favored by terrestrial petroleum source rocks, we selected 40 source rock samples from the Late Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation （Kzqn） and the first member of Nenjiang Formation （K2n1） in the Songliao Basin to qualify saturate fraction and aromatic fraction using GC-HRT （gas chromatography high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry） and quantify important biomarkers using GC-MS. The results reveal that source rocks from the 1st member of Qingshankou Formation （K2qn1） are characterized by not only high contents of terpanes, regular steranes and 4-methylsteranes but also high contents of dinosteranes, C31 steranes and aryl isoprenoids. Presence of specific biomarkers like elementary sulfur and lanostanes indicates a depositional environment of lagoon characterized by water stratification and high salinity. In the 2nd-3rd members of Qingshankou Formation （K2qn2＋3）, source rocks contain lower contents of biomarkers, indicating a depositional environment of shallow fresh-water lake delta. Source rocks in the K2n1 contain high contents of terpanes, regular steranes and 4-methylsteranes but lower contents of dinosteranes, C31 steranes and aryl isoprenoids, indicating a depositional environment of fresh-brackish open lake characterized by low salinity and poor water stratification, where organic matter is seriously altered by bacteria. Overall analysis shows that primary geochemical indicators for terrestrial petroleum source rocks are as follows： 1） C30 hopanes 〉 1500 ppm; 2） gammacerane 〉190 ppm; 3） C27 steranes 〉200 ppm; 4） 4-methylsteranes 〉 100 ppm; 5） aryl isoprenoids 〉 3 ppm; 6） dehydroxyl-vitamin E 〉 10 ppm.

关键词： Songliao Basin source rock depositional environment geochemistry biomarker

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Shale Oil Occurrence and Reservoir Characteristics of the Qijia-Gulong Depression in Songliao Basin

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第A01期89卷 151-153页

作者： huo qiuli ZENG Huasen ZHANG Xiaochang FANG Qinghua WANG Zhenying FU Li E&D Research Institute Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd.Co.

1 Introduction The technology breakthrough in the exploration of shale gas and tight oil has greatly extended the global fossil fuel resources （Jia et al., 2012; Zou et al., 2012; Qiu et al., 2013）. Although shale oil has been the global hot topic in the study of unconventional resources, there are varied definitions with respect to shale oil by different researchers.

关键词： SHALE gas reservoirs SHALE oils BASINS (Geology) PYROLYSIS OIL fields CHINA

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Microfossils and molecular records in oil shales of the Songliao Basin and implications for paleo-depositional environment

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Science China Earth Sciences 2009年第10期52卷 1559-1571页

作者： FENG ZiHui FANG Wei WANG Xue HUANG ChunYan huo qiuli ZHANG JuHe HUANG QingHua ZHANG Lei School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 1000871China Exploration and Development Research Institute PetroChina Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd.Daqing 163712China

Several oil shale beds, over 10 m thick, occur at the base of the first member of the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation (K2qn1) in the Songliao Basin. They act both as excellent source rocks for conventional oil and as potential oil deposit for shale oil production. Here we combine micropaleon-tology with organic geochemistry to investigate the paleo-depositional environment and organic source characteristics of the oil shales and black shales. Our results indicate that algal remains are dominant microfossils in K2qn1 oil shales, and their relatively high abundance suggests a major algal thriving event during the oil shale deposition. The presence of fresh water and brackish water species, Sentusidinium, Vesperopsis and Nyktericysta, and marine or brackish water deltaic and lagoonal species such as Kiokansium and Dinogymniopsis demonstrate that this paleo-continental lake was influenced by marine transgressions at the time of K2qn1 oil shale formation. The extremely low pristine/phytane ratios, relatively high abundance of gammacerane and 4-methyl steranes, and low δ 13C values of C14-C37 n-alkanes in the oil shale organic extracts indicate the deposition of oil shales in anoxic and highly stratified water columns and the significant contribution of lacustrine algae to sedimentary organic matter. High molecular-weight paraffinic hydrocarbons with unusually high abundance of nC43, nC45, and nC47 may be related to special algal species associated with marine transgression events. The giant water body of Songliao paleo-lake and the change in the organic and chemical environment (such as nutrition source and water column salinity) associated with seawater transgression into the lake are among the most important reasons for oil shales in the Songliao Basin being different from mudstone and oil shale in other rifted basins.

关键词： Songliao Basin oil shale micro-fossil molecular fossil alga thrive event

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Crude-oil hydrocarbon composition characteristics and oil viscosity prediction in the northern Songliao Basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2014年第6期57卷 297-312页

作者： ZHANG JuHe FENG ZiHui FANG Wei huo qiuli ZHANG Kun LI JingKun ZENG HuaSen ZHANG BoWei Exploration and Development Research Institute Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd. School of Resources and Environment Southwest Petroleum University

Crude oil hydrocarbon composition characteristics and oil viscosity prediction are important bases in petroleum exploration. A total of 54 oil/heavy-oil samples and 17 oil sands were analyzed and quantified using both comprehensive 2D gas chromatog raphy （GCxGC） and comprehensive 2D gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry （GCxGC/TOFMS）. The results show that crude oil in the West slope is mainly heavy oil and its hydrocarbon composition is characterized overall by paraf fins 〉 mono-aromatics 〉 naphthenes 〉 non-hydrocarbons 〉 di-aromatics 〉 tri-aromatics 〉 tetra-aromatics. Aromatics are most abundant and non-hydrocarbons are least abundant, whilst content differences among paraffins, naphthenes, aromatics, and non-hydrocarbons are less than 15%. There are two types of heavy oil, secondary type and mixing type. Biodegradation is the main formation mechanism of heavy oil. Biodegradation levels cover light biodegradation, moderate biodegradation, and se- vere biodegradation. With increasing biodegradation, paraffin content decreases while contents of aromatics and non- hydrocarbons increase. In contrast, naphthene content increases first and then decreases with increasing biodegradation. In se- vere biodegradation stage, naphthenes decrease more quickly than aromatics and non-hydrocarbons. This provides a new method for studying oil/heavy-oil biodegradation mechanism and biodegradation resistance of different hydrocarbons at dif- ferent biodegradation stages. In the Longhupao-Daan terrace and Qijia-Gulong depression, most crude oil is conventional oil. Its composition is dominated by paraffins with the lowest content of aromatics. In some casual oil wells from the Long- hupao-Daan terrace, crude oil from Saertu oil reservoirs is moderately biodegraded whereas crude oil from Putaohua oil reser voir is lightly biodegraded. Chemical parameters using saturate hydrocarbons and aromatics are usually not suitable for deter mining organic type and thermal maturity o

关键词： Songliao Basin crude-oil and heavy oil hydrocarbon composition comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatog-raphy

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Identification, evolution and geological indications of solid bitumen in shales: A case study of the first member of Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in Songliao Basin, NE China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2023年第6期50卷 1345-1357页

作者： LIU Bo WANG Liu FU Xiaofei huo qiuli BAI Longhui LYU Jiancai WANG Boyang National Key Laboratory of Continental Shale Oil Northeast Petroleum UniversityDaqing163318China Exploration and Development Research Institute of PetroChina Daqing Oilfield Company Limited Daqing 163712China

On the basis of sorting out current understanding of solid bitumen (SB) in shales and taking organic-rich shales in the first member of the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin as an example, the definition, classification, occurrence and evolution path of SB are systemtically studied, and the indicative significance of SB reflectance (Rob) on maturity and its influence on the development of reservoir space are discussed and summarized. The results show that the difference of primary maceral types is primarily responsible for the different evolution paths of SB. Most of the pre-oil bitumen is in-situ SB with only a small amount being of migrated SB, while most of the post-oil bitumen and pyrobitumen are migrated SB. From the immature to early oil maturity stage, bituminite, vitrinite, and inertinite can be distinguished from SB based on their optical characteristics under reflected light, and alginite can be differentiated from SB by their fluorescence characteristics. Under scanning electron microscope, in-situ SB and migrated SB can be effectively identified. Rob increases linearly with increasing vitrinite reflectance (Ro), as a result of a decrease of aliphatic structure and the enhancement of aromatization of SB. Within the oil window three types of secondary pores may develop in SB, including modified mineral pores, devolatilization cracks and bubble holes. At a high maturity stage spongy pores may develop in pyrobitumen. Scanning electron microscopy combined with in-situ SEM-Raman spectroscopy can further reveal the structral information of different types of SB, thus providing crucial data for understanding for understanding OM migration paths, dynamics, and distances at micro-scale.

关键词： shale solid bitumen reflectance primary maceral difference solid bitumen evolution path reservoir space Songliao Basin Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation

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In-situ hydrocarbon formation and accumulation mechanisms of micro- and nano-scale pore-fracture in Gulong shale, Songliao Basin, NE China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2023年第6期50卷 1269-1281页

作者： WANG Xiaojun CUI Baowen FENG Zihui SHAO Hongmei huo qiuli ZHANG Bin GAO Bo ZENG Huasen National Key Laboratory of Continental Shale Oil Daqing 163002China PetroChina Daqing Oilfield Co. Ltd.Daqing 163002China PetroChina Daqing Oilfield Exploration and Development Research Institute Daqing 163712China PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development Beijing 100083China

By conducting experimental analyses, including thermal pyrolysis, micro-/nano-CT, argon-ion polishing field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR), the Gulong shale oil in the Songliao Basin was investigated with respect to formation model, pore structure and accumulation mechanism. First, in the Gulong shale, there are a large number of pico-algae, nano-algae and dinoflagellates, which were formed in brackish water environment and constituted the hydrogen-rich oil source materials of shale. Second, most of the oil-generating materials of the Qingshankou Formation shale exist in the form of organo-clay complex. During organic matter thermal evolution, clay minerals had double effects of suppression and catalytic hydrogenation, which expanded shale oil window and increased light hydrocarbon yield. Third, the formation of storage space in the Gulong Shale was related to dissolution and hydrocarbon generation. With the diagenesis, micro-/nano-pores increased, pore diameter decreased and more bedding fractures appeared, which jointly gave rise to the unique reservoir with dual media (i.e. nano-scale pores and micro-scale bedding fractures) in the Gulong shale. Fourth, the micro-/nano-scale oil storage unit in the Gulong shale exhibits independent oil/gas occurrence phase, and shows that all-size pores contain oils, which occur in condensate state in micropores or in oil-gas two phase (or liquid) state in macropores/mesopores. The understanding about Gulong shale oil formation and accumulation mechanism has theoretical and practical significance for advancing continental shale oil exploration in China.

关键词： micro- nano-scale oil storage unit hydrocarbon occurrence phase organo-clay complex in-situ hydrocarbon accumulation Gulong shale oil Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation Songliao Basin

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松辽盆地北部氦气成藏特征研究

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天然气工业 2001年第5期21卷 29-30页

作者：冯子辉霍秋立王雪大庆油田有限责任公司勘探开发研究院

松辽盆地北部工业氦气藏主要分布层位是中部含油组合的萨尔图油层 ,下部含油组合扶余、杨大城子油层 ,深部含气组合登娄库和侏罗系地层。氦同位素显示盆地内氦气为壳源和幔源混合成因 ,其中幔源氦的比例在 1 3%～ 38 2 % ,该比例与埋深... 详细信息

松辽盆地北部工业氦气藏主要分布层位是中部含油组合的萨尔图油层 ,下部含油组合扶余、杨大城子油层 ,深部含气组合登娄库和侏罗系地层。氦同位素显示盆地内氦气为壳源和幔源混合成因 ,其中幔源氦的比例在 1 3%～ 38 2 % ,该比例与埋深和储集层位无关而主要与分布区有关。中部、下部和深部三套工业氦气层分别主要受嫩江组一、二段泥岩、青山口组一段泥岩和泉头组一、二段泥岩共三套区域盖层控制 ,盆地内交叉分布的两组深大断裂为氦气藏的形成提供了气源通道 ,断裂发育区控制了氦气藏的分布范围 ,断裂的发育规模影响氦气藏的形成及气藏中氦的含量。

关键词：松辽盆地氦气同位素成藏特征深大断裂气藏形成

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松辽盆地北部青山口组一段有效烃源岩评价图版的建立及意义

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石油学报 2012年第3期33卷 379-384页

作者：霍秋立曾花森张晓畅付丽大庆油田有限责任公司勘探开发研究院黑龙江大庆163712

有效烃源岩是指已经生烃且排烃的沉积岩,排烃的临界值是指烃源岩的生烃量刚好达到烃源岩的最大残留烃量。根据质量守恒原理建立了松辽盆地北部青山口组一段(简称青一段)有效烃源岩的识别图版,有效烃源岩识别图版综合考虑了烃源岩有机质... 详细信息

有效烃源岩是指已经生烃且排烃的沉积岩,排烃的临界值是指烃源岩的生烃量刚好达到烃源岩的最大残留烃量。根据质量守恒原理建立了松辽盆地北部青山口组一段(简称青一段)有效烃源岩的识别图版,有效烃源岩识别图版综合考虑了烃源岩有机质丰度、类型和成熟度的影响,从而避免了传统烃源岩评价中将上述3种参数分别评价的不足,可以快速直观地评价烃源岩的有效性及排烃潜力。高有机碳含量的烃源岩易于排烃,且所需的热演化程度相对较低,而当有机碳含量低于0.4%时,烃源岩不能排烃,为烃源岩的有机碳含量下限。利用该图版对松辽盆地中央坳陷区不同凹陷的青一段烃源岩进行的评价结果表明,齐家—古龙凹陷、长垣南、三肇凹陷、王府凹陷源岩均可大量排烃,而黑鱼泡凹陷烃源岩位于排烃临界线之下或附近,排烃潜力有限。这与目前勘探结果相吻合,表明该图版的有效性,可用于优选勘探区带,降低勘探风险。

关键词：松辽盆地青山口组一段有效烃源岩排烃评价图版

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