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Brain-inspired artificial intelligence research: A review

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 2282-2296页

作者： WANG GuoYin BAO HuaNan LIU Qun ZHOU TianGang WU Si huang tiejun YU ZhaoFei LU CeWu GONG YiHong ZHANG ZhaoXiang HE Sheng Chongqing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing 400065China Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Big Data Intelligent Security Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing 400065China College of Computer and Information Science Chongqing Normal UniversityChongqing 401331China State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Multimedia Information Processing School of Computer SciencePeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Computer Science School of ElectronicsInformation and Electrical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China The Center for Research on Intelligent Perception and Computing Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Artificial intelligence(AI) systems surpass certain human intelligence abilities in a statistical sense as a whole, but are not yet the true realization of these human intelligence abilities and behaviors. There are differences, and even contradictions, between the cognition and behavior of AI systems and humans. With the goal of achieving general AI, this study contains a review of the role of cognitive science in inspiring the development of the three mainstream academic branches of AI based on the three-layer framework proposed by David Marr, and the limitations of the current development of AI are explored and analyzed. The differences and inconsistencies between the cognition mechanisms of the human brain and the computation mechanisms of AI systems are analyzed. They are found to be the cause of the differences and contradictions between the cognition and behavior of AI systems and humans. Additionally, eight important research directions and their scientific issues that need to focus on braininspired AI research are proposed: highly imitated bionic information processing, a large-scale deep learning model that balances structure and function, multi-granularity joint problem solving bidirectionally driven by data and knowledge, AI models that simulate specific brain structures, a collaborative processing mechanism with the physical separation of perceptual processing and interpretive analysis, embodied intelligence that integrates the brain cognitive mechanism and AI computation mechanisms,intelligence simulation from individual intelligence to group intelligence(social intelligence), and AI-assisted brain cognitive intelligence.

关键词： artificial intelligence cognitive science brain science intelligence science large language model

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基于生物脉冲信号的视觉神经编码验证方法研究

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电子与信息学报 2024年第1期46卷 317-326页

作者：张燚钧刘健黄铁军中移(苏州)软件技术有限公司PaaS产品部苏州215004 利兹大学计算学院利兹LS29JT 北京大学计算机学院北京100190

研究界对如何对神经编码模型的性能度量还没有达成一个统一的评价标准。现有的主要编码度量方法是对神经编码模型的编码响应与真实生理响应之间的相似度进行度量。该文提出一种通过神经解码验证神经编码模型性能的方法。基于此方法构建... 详细信息

研究界对如何对神经编码模型的性能度量还没有达成一个统一的评价标准。现有的主要编码度量方法是对神经编码模型的编码响应与真实生理响应之间的相似度进行度量。该文提出一种通过神经解码验证神经编码模型性能的方法。基于此方法构建了包括传统编码度量方法和神经解码度量方法的视觉脉冲信号编码验证框架,并基于动态视觉刺激下采集的蝾螈视网膜神经节细胞(RGC)脉冲信号数据集对此框架进行了实验验证。选择了具有动态视觉刺激脉冲响应编码能力的编码模型与性能先进的神经解码模型作为标准度量模型。实验从不同神经编码方式和不同维度全面地对3种神经编码模型的编码性能进行了度量。此外,实验结果表明,脉冲频率编码和脉冲计数编码两种编码方式对脉冲编码性能存在不可忽略的影响。

关键词：神经编码神经解码视觉系统类脑视觉

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绿色施工技术及其在工程中的应用研究

绿色建造与智能建筑 2024年第8期 22-26页

作者：黄铁军明达海洋工程有限公司北京100013

绿色施工技术是指在建筑施工过程中采用的一系列环境友好和资源节约的技术和方法。旨在减少建筑过程中对环境的影响,提高资源利用效率,同时确保建筑质量和安全。文章主要通过对崔各庄乡南皋组团A1、A2、D2地块棚改定向安置房项目(A1-1#... 详细信息

绿色施工技术是指在建筑施工过程中采用的一系列环境友好和资源节约的技术和方法。旨在减少建筑过程中对环境的影响,提高资源利用效率,同时确保建筑质量和安全。文章主要通过对崔各庄乡南皋组团A1、A2、D2地块棚改定向安置房项目(A1-1#住宅楼等64项)基坑支护工程为例,对该工程绿色施工技术实际实施情况进行深入讨论及研究,总结绿色施工技术在工程内的应用范围及应用价值。以期通过本文研究,可为其他同类型建设项目绿色施工技术的有效应用提供借鉴参考,进一步提高能源利用效率,推动建筑行业稳步发展。

关键词：绿色施工技术建筑工程 BIM技术

生态环境友好型地基系统在绿色建筑中的应用探索

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绿色建造与智能建筑 2024年第9期 24-27页

作者：黄铁军明达海洋工程有限公司北京100013

随着环境挑战的加剧,绿色建筑作为解决方案越来越受到重视。本文探讨了生态环境友好型地基系统在绿色建筑中的应用,分析了其在减少环境影响和提升建筑性能方面的作用。这些系统通过采用可持续材料、优化设计、减少土地干扰和提高资源效... 详细信息

随着环境挑战的加剧,绿色建筑作为解决方案越来越受到重视。本文探讨了生态环境友好型地基系统在绿色建筑中的应用,分析了其在减少环境影响和提升建筑性能方面的作用。这些系统通过采用可持续材料、优化设计、减少土地干扰和提高资源效率,为绿色建筑带来显著的环境和经济优势。面临技术和成本挑战,但有望在政策支持和市场需求的推动下,成为未来建筑行业的重要趋势。

关键词：绿色建筑生态地基系统可持续发展

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面向自动驾驶场景的脉冲视觉研究

中国工程科学 2024年第1期26卷 160-177页

作者：张济远郑雅菁余肇飞黄铁军视频与视觉技术国家工程研究中心北京100871 北京大学人工智能研究院北京100871

自动驾驶是计算机视觉重要的研究方向,具有广阔的应用前景。纯视觉感知方案在自动驾驶场景中具有重要的研究价值。不同于传统相机,脉冲视觉传感器能更加灵敏地感受光子,具备比传统视频快千倍以上的成像速度,具有高时间分辨率、高动态范... 详细信息

自动驾驶是计算机视觉重要的研究方向,具有广阔的应用前景。纯视觉感知方案在自动驾驶场景中具有重要的研究价值。不同于传统相机,脉冲视觉传感器能更加灵敏地感受光子,具备比传统视频快千倍以上的成像速度,具有高时间分辨率、高动态范围、低数据冗余和低功耗等优势。本文面向自动驾驶场景,总结了脉冲相机的成像原理、感知能力与优势;围绕自动驾驶相关视觉任务,详细介绍了脉冲视觉影像重建原理与方法,讨论了基于传感器融合的影像增强技术路线;归纳总结了基于脉冲相机的运动光流估计、目标识别检测分割与跟踪,以及三维场景深度估计算法进展及技术路线;梳理了脉冲相机数据及感知系统的发展现状,分析了脉冲视觉的研究挑战;研究提出了潜在解决方案及未来研究方向。脉冲相机及其算法和系统在自动驾驶领域具有巨大潜力,是未来计算机视觉的主要研究方向之一。

关键词：脉冲视觉脉冲相机自动驾驶人工智能

Ethical Principles and Governance Technology Development of AI in China

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Engineering 2020年第3期6卷 302-309页

作者： Wenjun Wu tiejun huang Ke Gong State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Chinese Institute of New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Strategie Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China

Ethics and governance are vital to the healthy and sustainable development of artificial intelligence(AI).With the long-term goal of keeping AI beneficial to human society,governments,research organizations,and companies in China have published ethical guidelines and principles for AI,and have launched projects to develop AI governance *** paper presents a survey of these efforts and highlights the preliminary outcomes in *** also describes the major research challenges in AI governance research and discusses future research directions.

关键词： AI ethical principles AI governance technology Machine learning Privacy Safety Fairness

Evolution of AVS video coding standards: twenty years of innovation and development

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2022年第9期65卷 50-73页

作者： Siwei MA Li ZHANG Shiqi WANG Chuanmin JIA Shanshe WANG tiejun huang Feng WU Wen GAO Institute of Digital Media School of Computer Science Peking University Bytedance Inc. Department of Computer Science City University of Hong Kong CAS Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System University of Science and Technology of China

Ever since the founding of the Audio and Video Coding Standard(AVS) Workgroup of China in 2002, it has been dedicated to advancing and innovating the digital audio-video industry with highly efficient and economical encoding/decoding technologies. Three representative generations of video coding standards have been finalized and published, consistently improving the coding performance in the past two *** series of AVS standards establish solid foundations for ubiquitous video applications in the areas including acquisition, coding, production, delivery, integrated system, public service, general screen content, and mixed reality media. Along with the standardization process, an extensive amount of studies have been carried out on efficiency-aware designation, algorithm optimization, and hardware implementation of these innovative video coding techniques. This paper explains how those developed techniques provide a lasting impact on the video coding community, extensively, technologically, and systematically. In particular, we provide a comprehensive survey of the three generations of the standards, and timely and in-depth summarize the efforts of the AVS video coding standards in the twenty years. The rate-distortion performance comparisons,in particular in terms of the 8K ultra-high-definition(UHD) contents, reflect the elegant design of the state-of-the-art AVS3 standards. We have also elaborated on a variety of well-established and promising applications, including commercial level real-time 8K encoder, high-frame-rate decoder chip for cell phone,and live streaming solution for sports. In addition, the China Central Television(CCTV) of China Media Group(CMG), the state television of China, has officially launched the first 8K broadcasting channel(CCTV-8K) since 2021 using AVS3. Given the significant success realized by the AVS standards, it is envisioned that a new era of 8K UHD video is arriving.

关键词： video coding AVS standards video applications intelligent coding

New treatment for amblyopia based on rules of synaptic plasticity:a randomized clinical trial

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2022年第3期65卷 451-465页

作者： Xin huang Huika Xia Qi Zhang Colin Blakemore Yan Nan Wenyao Wang Jie Gao Spencer S Ng Jing Wen tiejun huang Xiaoqing Li Mingliang Pu Department of Anatomy School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory on Machine Perception(Ministry of Education) Peking UniversityBeijing 100083China Department of Ophthalmology Hebei General HospitalShijiazhuang 050051China Department of Biomedical Sciences City University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Biology University of CaliforniaLos Angeles 90095-7246USA Department of Computer Science School of Electrical Engineering and Computer SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China National Engineering Laboratory for Video Technology Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology Peking University First HospitalBeijing 100034China National Amblyopia and Strabismus Prevention and Treatment Center Beijing 100034China

Amblyopia resulting from early deprivation of vision or defocus in one eye reflects an imbalance of input from the eyes to the visual *** tested the hypothesis that asynchronous stimulation of the two eyes might induce synaptic plasticity and rebalance *** on normal adults showed that repetitive brief exposure of grating stimuli,with the onset of each stimulus delayed by 8.3 ms in one eye,results in a shift in perceptual eye *** studies(Clinical trial registration number:Chi CTR2100049130),using popular 3D movies with similar asynchrony between the two eyes(amblyopic eye stimulated first)to treat anisometropic amblyopia,established that just 10.5 h of conditioning over<3 weeks produced improvement that met criteria for successful *** benefits of asynchronous conditioning accumulate over 20–3045 min sessions,and are maintained for at least 2 ***,we demonstrate that asynchronous binocular treatment alone is more effective than patching *** novel treatment is popular with children and is some 50 times more efficient than patching alone.

关键词： amblyopia visual cortex STDP synaptic plasticity SED

Introduction to AVS2 Scene Video Coding Techniques

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ZTE Communications 2016年第1期14卷 50-53页

作者： Jiaying Yan Siwei Dong Yonghong Tian tiejun huang National Engineering Laboratory for Video Technology School of EE & CS Peking University School of Electronic and Computer Engineering Shenzhen Graduate School Peking University Cooperative Medianet Innovation Center

The second generation Audio Video Coding Standard (AVS2) is the most recent video coding standard. By introducing several new coding techniques, AVS2 can provide more efficient compression for scene videos such as surveillance videos, conference videos, etc. Due to the limited scenes, scene videos have great redundancy especially in background region. The new scene video coding techniques applied in AVS2 mainly focus on reducing redundancy in order to achieve higher compression. This paper introduces several important AVS2 scene video coding techniques. Experimental results show that with scene video coding tools, AVS2 can save nearly 40%BD?rate (Bj?ntegaard?Delta bit?rate) on scene videos.

关键词： AVS2 scene videos coding background prediction