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Combined toxicity of copper and cadmium to six rice genotypes (Oryza sativa L.)

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Journal of environmental sciences 2009年第5期21卷 647-653页

作者： huang Yizong, HU Ying, LIU Yunxia research center for eco-environmental sciences, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100085, china. [a]research center for eco-environmental sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Accumulations of copper （Cu） and cadmium （Cd） in six rice cultivars （94D-22, 94D-54, 94D-64, Gui630, YY-1, and KY1360） were evaluated through exposure to heavy metal contamination （100 mg/kg Cu, 1.0 mg/kg Cd, and 100 mg/kg Cu ＋ 1.0 mg/kg Cd） in a greenhouse. The dry weights of shoot and root, concentrations of Cu and Cd in plant tissues and the Cu, Cd, P, Fe concentrations in the root surface iron plaques were analyzed eight weeks later after treatment. The results indicated that the plant biomass was mainly determined by rice genotypes, not Cu and Cd content in soil. Separated treatment with Cu/Cd increased each metal level in shoot, root and iron plaques. Soil Cu enhanced Cd accumulation in tissues. In contrast, Cu concentrations in shoot and root was unaffected by soil Cd. Compared to single metal contamination, combined treatment increased Cd content by 110.6%, 77.0%, and 45.2% in shoot, and by 112.7%, 51.2% and 18.4% in root for Gui630, YY-1, and KY1360, respectively. The content level of Cu or Cd in root surface iron plaques was not affected by their soil content. Cu promoted Fe accumulation in iron plaques, while Cd has no effect on P and Fe accumulation in it. The translocation of Cu and Cd from iron plaques to root and shoot was also discussed. These results might be beneficial in selecting cultivars with low heavy metal accumulation and designing strategies for soil bioremediation.

关键词： Cu Cd combined contamination soil uptake accumulation root surface iron plaques

Phosphorus release: A biogeochemical insight from a restored lakeside wetland in the Yangtze-Huaihe region, china

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Journal of environmental sciences 2010年第3期22卷 347-354页

作者： Xiaoling Zhou, Baoqing Shan, hong zhang State Key Laboratory of environmental Aquatic Chemistry, research center for eco-environmental sciences, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100085, china. [a] State Key Laboratory of environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

The heavy intensification of agriculture in East china.since the 1980s caused the decrease of lake area and water storage capacity with impediment of regulation, lake eutrophication and frequent floods. Many restoration projects have been conducted. However, the knowledge of biogeochemical factors that drive nutrient cycles during the early stage of restoration is still limited. We studied the effect of the remediation of a patch of near-shore shallow wetland on the northern bank of Chaohu Lake in the Yangtze-Huaihe region, china. which was used as rice paddy for many years, on the behavior of phosphorus. Redox potential （ORP）, temperature and dissolved oxygen were monitored in situ from May 2006 to November 2007. Samples of soil pore water were collected during this time for the determination of different forms of iron and phosphorus. ORP showed a clear transition of the wetland soil from an oxidized state in winter to a reduced state in summer. The decrease of ORP correlated with the release of large amounts of Fe and P. The maxima of total dissolved Fe and total dissolved P in the summer of the second year were （13.8 ± 6.8） mg/L and （0.88 ± 0.27） mg/L, respectively. It is worth noticing that P concentration far exceeded the critical value of lake eutrophication （0.02 mg/L）. The pressure of P release to the adjacent lake during the first two years of wetland restoration from rice fields should be taken into account by environmental policy makers.

关键词： wetland restoration phosphorus eutrophication redox potential iron

Effects of ground-level ozone (O_3) pollution on the yields of rice and winter wheat in the Yangtze River Delta

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Journal of environmental sciences 2003年第3期15卷 360-362页

作者： FENG Zong-wei, JIN Ming-hong, zhang Fu-zhu, huang Yi-zong (research center for eco-environmental sciences, chinese academy of sciences, beijing\ 100085, china.) research center for eco-environmental sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10085 Chin

Effects of elevated O_3 on the yields of rice and winter wheat were studied by using open-top chambers(OTCs). Results showed that compared to the control treatment, 200 ppb, 100 ppb, 50 ppb treatments caused a 80.4%, 58.6% and 10.5% decrease in grain yields per winter wheat plant and a 49.1%, 26.1% and 8.2% decrease in grain yield per rice plant, respectively. According to the dose-response relation educed from OTCs experiment and the monitor data of O_3 concentrations in spots, it was estimated that the yield losses of rice and winter wheat resulted by O_3 pollution in the Yangtze River Delta region in 1999 were 0.599 million ton and 0.669 million ton, economic losses were 0.539 billion RMB Yuan and 0.936 billion RMB Yuan, respectively.

关键词： rice winter wheat O_3 Yangtze River Delta

Treatment of black liquor from the papermaking industry by acidification and reuse

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Journal of environmental sciences 2003年第5期15卷 697-700页

作者： YANG Wen bo, MU Huan zhen, huang Yan chu (research center for eco environmental sciences, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100085, china. research center for eco-environmental sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 Chin

Two different kinds of black liquor from the papermaking industry were treated by acidification and reuse. The experimental parameters and conditions were discussed in detail. The experimental results indicated that the treatment process mentioned in this article is an effective process for the treatment of black liquor from the papermaking industry. By the treatment, the solid materials in black liquor are transferred into two by products and the other components are reused or evaporated. Thus, no wastewater except some condensation water would be discharged in pulping process and the problem of pollution of black liquor would be effectively solved.

关键词： black liquor acidification reuse lignin water reducing agent

Effects of acid deposition on terrestrial ecosystems and their rehabilitation strategies in china

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Journal of environmental sciences 2002年第2期14卷 227-233页

作者： FENG Zong\|wei, MIAO hong, zhang Fu\|zhu, huang Yi\|zong (research center for eco\|environmental sciences, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100085, china. E\|mail: FZW@***) research center for eco-environmental sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 Chin

South china.has become the third largest region associated with acid deposition following Europe and North America, the area subject to damage by acid deposition increased from 1.75 million km 2 in 1985 to 2.8 million km 2 in 1993. Acid deposition has caused serious damage to ecosystem. Combined pollution of acid rain and SO 2 showed the obvious multiple effects on crops. Vegetable was more sensitive to acid deposition than foodstuff crops. Annual economic loss of crops due to acid deposition damage in eleven provinces of south china.was 4.26 billion RMB Yuan. Acid deposition caused serious damage to forest. Annual economic loss of wood volume was about 1.8 billion RMB Yuan and forest ecological benefit loss 16.2 billion in eleven provinces of south china. Acid deposition in south china.was typical “sulfuric acid type”. According to the thoughts of sustainable development, some strategies were brought forward as follows: (1) enhancing environmental management, specifying acid\|controlling region, controlling and abating the total emission amount of SO 2; (2) selecting practical energy technologies of clean coal, for example, cleansing and selecting coal, sulfur\|fixed\|type industrial briqutting, abating sulfur from waste gas and so on; (3) developing other energy sources to replace coal, including water electricity, atomic energy and the new energy such as solar energy, wind energy and so on; (4) in acid deposition region of south china. selecting acid\|resistant type of crop and tree to decrease agricultural losses, planting more green fertilizer crops, using organic fertilizers and liming, in order to improve buffer capacities of soil.

关键词： acid rain agriculture forestry economic loss rehabilitation strategies

Effects of maize root exudates and organic acids on the desorption of phenanthrene from soils

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Journal of environmental sciences 2009年第7期21卷 920-926页

作者： ZHU Yanhong, zhang Shuzhen, huang honglin, WEN Bei State Key Laboratory of environmental Chemistry and ecotoxicology, research center for eco-environmental sciences, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100085, china. [a]State Key Laboratory of environmental Chemistry and ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

The effects of maize root exudates and low-molecular-weight-organic anions （LMWOAs） on the desorption of phenanthrene from eight artificially contaminated soils were evaluated. A significant negative correlation was observed between the amounts of phenanthrene desorbed and the soil organic carbon （SOC） contents （P 〈 0.01）, and the influences of soil pH and clay content on phenanthrene desorption were insignificant （P 〉 0.1）. Neither maize root exudates nor oxalate and citrate anions influenced desorption of phenanthrene with the addition of NaN3. A faster phenanthrene desorption occurred without the addition of NaN3 in the presence of maize root exudates than oxalate or citrate due to the enhanced degradation by root exudates. Without the addition of NAN3, oxalate or citrate at different concentrations could inhibit phenanthrene desorption to different extents and the inhibiting effect by citrate was more significant than by oxalate. This study leads to the conclusion that maize root exudates can not enhance the desorption under abiotic condition with the addition of NaN3 and can promote the desorption of phenanthrene in soils without the addition of NaN3.

关键词： phenanthrene desorption low-molecular-weight-organic anions (LMWOAs) root exudates soils

Lack of nano size effect on electrochemistry of dopamine at a gold nanoparticle modified indium tin oxide electrode

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Science china.Chemistry 2010年第8期53卷 1778-1783页

作者： huang RongFu & GUO Liang-hong State Key Laboratory of environmental Chemistry and ecotoxicology research center for eco-environmental sciences,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100085,china 1. State Key Laboratory of environmental Chemistry and ecotoxicology research center for eco-environmental sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Nanometer sized materials have been shown to possess excellent chemical and electrochemical catalytic *** this work,a gold nanoparticle (AuNP) modified indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode was employed for investigating its electro-catalytic *** was deposited on the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) modified ITO electrode by self-assembly,and was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and cyclic *** the electrochemical reaction of dopamine was very sluggish on the ITO/APTES electrode,it was significantly enhanced after AuNP *** cyclic voltammogram exhibited apparent dependence on the surface coverage of 11 nm AuNPs,which could be rationalized by different modes of mass *** the different sizes of AuNP investigated,the lowest anodic peak potential was observed on 11 nm ***,the potential was still about 50 mV more positive than that obtained on a bulk gold electrode of similar *** is therefore concluded that there is no nanometer size effect of AuNP modified ITO on the electrochemistry of dopamine.

关键词： gold nanoparticle dopamine electrocatalysis indium tin oxide

Applications of synchrotron-based X-ray techniques in environmental science

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Science china.Chemistry 2010年第12期53卷 2529-2538页

作者： LUO Lei & zhang ShuZhen State Key Laboratory of environmental Chemistry and ecotoxicology research center for eco-environmental sciences,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100085,china 1. State Key Laboratory of environmental Chemistry and ecotoxicology research center for eco-environmental sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Synchrotron-based X-ray techniques have been widely applied to the fields of environmental science due to their element-specific and nondestructive properties and unique spectral and spatial resolution *** techniques are capable of in situ investigating chemical speciation,microstructure and mapping of elements in question at the molecular or nanometer scale,and thus provide direct evidence for reaction mechanisms for various environmental *** this contribution,the applications of three types of the techniques commonly used in the fields of environmental research are reviewed,namely X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS),X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM).In particular,the recent advances of the techniques in china.are elaborated,and a selection of the applied examples are provided in the field of environmental ***,the perspectives of synchrotron-based X-ray techniques are *** their great progress and wide application,the techniques have revolutionized our understanding of significant geo-and bio-chemical *** is anticipatable that synchrotron-based X-ray techniques will continue to play a significant role in the fields and significant advances will be obtained in decades ahead.

关键词： synchrotron spectroscopy spectromicroscopy environmental science

Tuning SMSI to stabilize metallic Pd species:A case study on Pd/TiO_(2) for HCHO oxidation

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chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第3期35卷 162-166页

作者： Chunying Wang Xiaofeng Liu Jingyi Wang Yaobin Li Shaohua Xie Fudong Liu changbin zhang Yuming Zheng Wenpo Shan hong he center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant ConversionInstitute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban environmental Processes and Pollution Control Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research StationChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315800China Department of Civil Environmentaland Construction Engineering(CECE)Catalysis Cluster for Renewable Energy and Chemical Transformations(REACT)Nano Science Technology Center(NSTC)University of Central FloridaOrlandoFL 32816USA State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

Pretreatment of the carrier for supported catalysts can effectively improve the strong metal-support interaction(SMSI)and increase the dispersion of precious metals,which are critical to many important catalytic *** this work,we tuned SMSI on Pd/TiO_(2)catalysts through inducing surface defects of TiO_(2)by pretreated with different atmospheres(H_(2)/N_(2),N_(2),O_(2)/N_(2))at the high temperature(800℃).Multiple characterization results illustrated that surface defects anchored Pd species and thus enhanced their *** reduction,Ti^(3+)species formed and transferred onto the metallic Pd species and then induced SMSI,which effectively stabilize Pd species in the metallic *** stronger MSI,the more stability of Pd *** a case,Pd/TiO_(2)–800H_(2),with strongest MSI,displayed the best HCHO oxidation performance at low temperature(10℃).

关键词： Pd/TiO_(2) Surface defects SMSI Formaldehyde Stability of Pd species