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水体富营养化及物种入侵对星云湖食物网的影响

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中国环境科学 2024年第2期44卷 932-943页

作者：邓素炎郭雯温雯雯王明果黄林培陈子栋陈光杰赵帅营云南师范大学地理学部云南省高原地理过程与环境变化重点实验室云南昆明650500 河北省丰宁满族自治县气象局河北承德068350 云南省地矿测绘院有限公司云南昆明650217

以云南浅水富营养化湖泊星云湖为研究区域,于2019~2020年对星云湖水质样品、初级生产者浮游植物(浮游碳源)、沉水植物(底栖碳源)、流域有机质(陆源)以及消费者浮游动物、底栖动物、鱼类等生物样品进行系统采集,甄别了星云湖初级生产者... 详细信息

以云南浅水富营养化湖泊星云湖为研究区域,于2019~2020年对星云湖水质样品、初级生产者浮游植物(浮游碳源)、沉水植物(底栖碳源)、流域有机质(陆源)以及消费者浮游动物、底栖动物、鱼类等生物样品进行系统采集,甄别了星云湖初级生产者和消费者的碳、氮稳定同位素组成特征,并使用MixSIAR模型对消费者食物来源进行量化,对比分析以初级生产者(模式A)、以碳源贡献权重(模式B)和以初级消费者(模式C)3种不同氮稳定同位素基准计算的消费者营养级结果,进而构建适用于浅水富营养化湖泊的食物网结构,探讨富营养化以及外来入侵物种可能对星云湖食物网产生的影响.结果表明,MixSIAR模型结果显示浮游碳源、底栖碳源、陆源对消费者的贡献分别为77.3%、12.2%、10.5%,且沿岸带、敞水区不同生境鱼类的碳同位素信号不存在显著性差异,与浮游碳源的相近,指示浮游碳源是富营养湖泊消费者最主要的食物来源,其能量传输以浮游路径为主.对于不同食性的鱼类,杂食性鱼类的基础食物源(CR)跨度大,而肉食性鱼类营养长度(NR)更高,两者的核心生态位分离,且杂食性鱼类的核心生态位面积(3.79)高于肉食性鱼类(2.46),表明杂食性鱼类具有更高的适应性.模式B计算的营养级结果与消费者的食性较一致,可应用于星云湖消费者营养级计算.模式B结果显示,星云湖食物链长度为3.73,顶级掠食者为抚仙鲇,入侵物种太湖新银鱼营养级(3.37)次之,且与星云白鱼(3.01)在食物和生存空间上存在竞争.研究认为,富营养化导致的物源和能流的改变以及外来物种的入侵是造成星云湖土著鱼类资源衰退、食物网结构中生物多样性减少及生态系统功能弱化的主要原因.

关键词：富营养化物种入侵碳氮稳定同位素 MixSIAR模型营养级湖泊食物网星云湖

A prompt-based approach to adversarial example generation and robustness enhancement

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2024年第4期18卷 85-96页

作者： Yuting YANG pei huang Juan CAO Jintao LI Yun lin Feifei MA Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing of Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS) Institute of Computing TechnologyCASBeijing 100190China School of Computer Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Computer Science Stanford UniversityCA 94305USA School of Computing National University of SingaporeSingapore 119077Singapore Laboratory of Parallel Software and Computational Science Institute of SoftwareChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Recent years have seen the wide application of natural language processing(NLP)models in crucial areas such as finance,medical treatment,and news media,raising concerns about the model robustness and *** find that prompt paradigm can probe special robust defects of pre-trained language *** prompt texts are first constructed for inputs and a pre-trained language model can generate adversarial examples for victim models via *** results show that prompt paradigm can efficiently generate more diverse adversarial examples besides synonym ***,we propose a novel robust training approach based on prompt paradigm which incorporates prompt texts as the alternatives to adversarial examples and enhances robustness under a lightweight minimax-style optimization *** on three real-world tasks and two deep neural models show that our approach can significantly improve the robustness of models to resist adversarial attacks.

关键词： robustness adversarial example prompt learning pre-trained language model

Tumor necrosis factor alpha affect hydrocortisone expression in mice adrenal cortex cells mainly through tumor necrosis factor alpha-receptor 1

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Chinese Medical Journal 2011年第17期124卷 2728-2732页

作者： XIA Hai-ming FANG Yuan huang pei-lin Administrative Office Nanjing Second Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu 210003 China Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 China Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology School of Medicine Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 China

Background Tumor necrosis factor alpha （TNF-α） is important in promoting relative adrenal insufficiency （RAI） due to systemic inflammatory response syndrome （SIRS）. We identified the TNF-α receptor involved in the inhibition of adrenal corticotrophin （ACTH）-stimulated hydrocortisone release by studying the expression of TNF-α receptors in adrenal cortex Y1 cells and the effect of downregulating TNF receptors on ACTH-stimulated hydrocortisone release. Methods We used real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry to evaluate the expression of TNF receptors on Y1 cells. TNF-receptor 1 （TNF-R1） DNA fragments corresponding to the short hairpin RNA （shRNA）-sequences were synthesized and cloned into pcDNATM 6.2-GW/EmGFP expression vector. Knockdown efficiency of TNF-R1 expression was evaluated in miRNA transfected and mock-miRNA transfected Y1 cells by quantitative real-time PCR （Q-PCR）. Hydro- cortisone expression levels were determined in TNF-Rl-knockdown and control Y1 cells treated with TNF-α and ACTH. Results Mouse adrenal cortex Y1 cells were positive for type I TNF-R1, but not type II TNF-receptor （TNF-R2）. Blocking TNF-R1 expression resulted in loss of TNF-a-mediated inhibition of ACTH-stimulated hydrocortisone expression suggesting a role for the TNF-R1 related signaling pathway in ACTH-stimulated hydrocortisone synthesis. Conclusion The inhibitory effect of TNF-α on ACTH-stimulated hydrocortisone synthesis was mediated via TNF-R1 in adrenal cortex.

关键词： tumor necrosis factor alpha tumor necrosis factor receptor cortisol short hairpin RNA

Chemical derivatization strategies for enhancing the HPLC analytical performance of natural active triterpenoids

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2024年第3期14卷 295-307页

作者： Xiao-Feng huang Ying Xue Li Yong Tian-Tian Wang pei Luo lin-Sen Qing Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610041China State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacaoChina Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention Chengdu610041China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China

Triterpenoids widely exist in nature,displaying a variety of pharmacological *** triterpenoids in different matrices,especially in biological samples holds great ***-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)has become the predominant method for triterpenoids analysis due to its exceptional analytical ***,due to the structural similarities among botanical samples,achieving effective separation of each triterpenoid proves challenging,necessitating significant improvements in analytical ***,triterpenoids are characterized by a lack of ultraviolet(UV)absorption groups and chromophores,along with low ionization efficiency in mass ***,routine HPLC analysis suffers from poor *** derivatization emerges as an indispensable technique in HPLC analysis to enhance its *** the structural characteristics of triterpenoids,various derivatization reagents such as acid chlorides,rhodamines,isocyanates,sulfonic esters,and amines have been employed for the derivatization analysis of *** review comprehensively summarized the research progress made in derivatization strategies for HPLC detection of ***,the limitations and challenges encountered in previous studies are discussed,and future research directions are proposed to develop more effective derivatization methods.

关键词： Triterpenoid HPLC Derivatization Quantification

Add-on perceptual learning on refractive amblyopia in children

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第10期17卷 1850-1856页

作者： Heng-Chiao huang Wan-Hua Cho Po-Chiung Fang pei-Wen lin Yi-Hao Chen Hsiu-Mei huang Department of Ophthalmology Chang Gung Memorial HospitalChiayi 613TaiwanChina Department of Ophthalmology Chi-Mei Medical CenterTainan 710TaiwanChina Department of Ophthalmology Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung City 833TaiwanChina School of Medicine Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan City 333TaiwanChina

AIM:To evaluate the visual outcomes of standard amblyopic treatment add-on training via perceptual learning in refractive amblyopic children and to identify the risk factors for treatment ***:Retrospective charts were reviewed in children with refractive amblyopia who received standard treatment and add-on Cambridge Visual Stimulator(CAM)*** add-on CAM group that was enrolled had worn full-corrected glasses for at least 2mo before training.A control group received only the standard *** success was defined as best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)≥20/*** age,sex,initial BCVA,refractive errors,sessions and duration of training,and final BCVA were ***:A total of 209 children(129 children in add-on CAM group and 80 children in control group)were ***-six percent of unilateral and 87%of bilateral amblyopic children achieved treatment *** children with unilateral or bilateral moderate amblyopia,the duration to reach BCVA≥20/25 was significantly shorter in add-on CAM group than in control *** initial BCVA(P<0.001)and high astigmatism(P=0.007)were risk factors for treatment failure after add-on CAM ***,sex,and types of refractive error were not associated with treatment ***:Add-on CAM training is an effective strategy for visual improvement and can shorten the treatment course when the effect of standard treatment is limited in amblyopic children.

关键词： amblyopia amblyopic children add-on Cambridge Visual Stimulator training astigmatism

Honeycomb-like MoCo alloy on 3D nitrogen-doped porous graphene for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction

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Rare Metals 2024年第3期43卷 1072-1082页

作者： lin-Ping Wang Kuang Li Hua-Long Ding Le Xu Chen huang Jiao-Jiao Zhou Cong-TaoWen pei-lin Zhang Wei-Wei Wang Lu-Yang Chen Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China

An efficient electrocatalyst is indispensable to significantly reduce energy consumption and accelerate the conversion efficiency of water *** this work,the honeycomb-like porous MoCo alloy on nitrogen-doped three-dimensional(3D)porous graphene substrate(Mo_(0.3)Co_(0.7)@NPG)has been synthesized from the annealing of layered double hydroxide(MoCo-LDH@NPG).Especially,the Mo_(0.3)Co_(0.7)@NPG exhibits low hydrogen evolution overpotential of 75 mV(10 mA·cm^(-2))and a Tafel slope of 69.9 mV·dec^(-1),which can be attributed to highly conductive NPG substrate,the unique nanostructure and the synergistic effect of Mo and ***,the Mo_(0.3)Co_(0.7)@NPG can maintain the original morphology and high catalytic activity after 50-h stability *** work proposes a general strategy to synthesize a multi-element alloy on conductive substrates with high porosity for electrocatalytic reaction.

关键词： MoCo alloy Three-dimensional nitrogen-doped porous graphene Hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)

Tuning hot carrier transfer dynamics by perovskite surface modification

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第10期35卷 483-486页

作者： Chenghao Ge Peng Wang pei Yuan Tai Wu Rongjun Zhao Rong huang lin Xie Yong Hua School of Materials and Energy Yunnan University Department of Physics Center for Optoelectronics Engineering Research Yunnan University

Understanding the role of perovskite surface passivators in hot carriers transfer dynamics is important to develop highly efficient perovskite solar cells(PSCs). In this work, we have designed and synthesized a naphthalimide-based organic small molecule(NCN) for perovskite surface defect passivator. We reveal that the introduction of NCN not only reduces the density of perovskite defect-state, but also promotes hot carriers(HCs) cooling in perovskite through the transient absorption spectroscopy measurements. Fast HCs cooling permits HCs transfer from perovskite layer into NCN layer, thus resulting in the decreased charge-carrier recombination in NCN-treated device. As expected, the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of PSCs with NCN is enhanced to 22.02% from 19.95% for the control device. The findings are relevant for developing highly efficient PSCs.

关键词： Charge recombination Hot carrier Interface passivation Naphthalimide Perovskite solar cells Stability

Time-of-flight resolved stimulated Raman scattering microscopy using counter-propagating ultraslow Bessel light bullets generation

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第7期13卷 1427-1440页

作者： Shulang lin Li Gong Zhiwei huang Optical Bioimaging Laboratory Department of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Design and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117576Singapore

We present a novel time-of-flight resolved Bessel light bullet-enabled stimulated Raman scattering(B2-SRS)microscopy for deeper tissue 3D chemical imaging with high resolution without a need for mechanical *** accomplish the tasks,we conceive a unique method to enable optical sectioning by generating the counterpropagating pump and Stokes Bessel light bullets in the sample,in which the group velocities of the Bessel light bullets are made ultraslow(e.g.,vg≈0.1c)and tunable by introducing programmable angular dispersions with a spatial light *** theoretically analyze the working principle of the collinear multicolor Bessel light bullet generations and velocity controls with the relative time-of-flight resolved detection for SRS 3D deep tissue *** have also built the B2-SRS imaging system and present the first demonstration of B2-SRS microscopy with Bessel light bullets for 3D chemical imaging in a variety of samples(e.g.,polymer bead phantoms,biological samples such as spring onion tissue and porcine brain)with high *** B2-SRS technique provides a>2-fold improvement in imaging depth in porcine brain tissue compared to conventional SRS *** method of optical sectioning in tissue using counter-propagating ultraslow Bessel light bullets developed in B2-SRS is generic and easy to perform and can be readily extended to other nonlinear optical imaging modalities to advance 3D microscopic imaging in biological and biomedical systems and beyond.

关键词： Bessel resolved propagating

Severe pediatric COVID‑19:a review from the clinical and immunopathophysiological perspectives

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第4期20卷 307-324页

作者： Yi‑Kan Sun Can Wang pei‑Quan lin Lei Hu Jing Ye Zhi‑Gang Gao Ru lin Hao‑Min Li Qiang Shu Li‑Su huang lin‑Hua Tan Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310030China Surgical Intensive Care Unit Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China Department of General Surgery Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China Department of Cardiopulmonary and Extracorporeal Life Support Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China Clinical Data Center Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China Department of Cardiac Surgery Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China National Clinical Research Center for Child Health Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China Department of Infectious Diseases Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China

Background Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)tends to have mild presentations in ***,severe and critical cases do arise in the pediatric population with debilitating systemic impacts and can be fatal at times,meriting further attention from ***,the intricate interactions between the pathogen virulence factors and host defense mechanisms are believed to play indispensable roles in severe COVID-19 pathophysiology but remain incompletely *** sources A comprehensive literature review was conducted for pertinent publications by reviewers independently using the PubMed,Embase,and Wanfang *** keywords included“COVID-19 in children”,“severe pediatric COVID-19”,and“critical illness in children with COVID-19”.Results Risks of developing severe COVID-19 in children escalate with increasing numbers of co-morbidities and an unvaccinated *** respiratory distress stress and necrotizing pneumonia are prominent pulmonary manifestations,while various forms of cardiovascular and neurological involvement may also be *** immunological processes are implicated in the host response to COVID-19 including the type I interferon and inflammasome pathways,whose dysregulation in severe and critical diseases translates into adverse clinical *** inflammatory syndrome in children(MIS-C),a potentially life-threatening immune-mediated condition chronologically associated with COVID-19 exposure,denotes another scientific and clinical conundrum that exemplifies the complexity of pediatric *** the considerable dissimilarities between the pediatric and adult immune systems,clinical trials dedicated to children are lacking and current management recommendations are largely adapted from adult *** Severe pediatric COVID-19 can affect multiple organ *** dysregulated immune pathways in severe COVID-19 shape the disease course,epitomize the vast functional diversity of the

关键词： Immunopathophysiology MIS-C Pediatric critical care Severe pediatric COVID-19