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Genetically modified(GM)rice versus non-GM rice:Pesticide use and yield

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2020年第5期63卷 785-787页

作者： Fangbin Qiao Ruifa Hu jikun huang China Economics and Management Academy Central University of Finance and EconomicsBeijing 100081China School of Management and Economics Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China School of Economics and Management Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang 330045China School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100089China

Dear Editor,The economic benefits of genetically modified(GM)crops have been well-documented in the literature(huang et al.,2002;huang et al.,2005;Qiao,2015;Qiao et al.,2016).Previous studies showed that the global economic gain that the GM crops had generated at the farm level approximated 100 billion USD in 1996-2011(Brookes and Barfoot,2013).More importantly,this significant benefit had helped dozens of millions of farmers,with most of them being small poor farmers in developing *** their high profitability and other benefits,GM crops had been widely adopted in the *** 2015,the cumulative sown area for GM crops reached 2 billion hm2,with GM crops being grown in 28 countries(James,2015).

关键词： crops modified Pesticide

Impact of insect-resistant GM rice on pesticide use and farmers' health in China

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2015年第5期58卷 466-471页

作者： huang jikun HU RuiFa QIAO FangBin YIN YanHong LIU HuaiJu huang ZhuRong Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resource Research Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Management and Economics Beijing Institute of Technology China Economics and Management Academy Central University of Finance and Economics Department of Neurology Chinese PLA General Hospital

The economic benefits of insect-resistant genetically modified(GM) crops have been well documented, but the impact of such crops and the consequent reduction in pesticide use on farmers' health remains largely unknown. Through the analysis of the data collected from the physical examination from farmers in China, we show that GM rice significantly reduces pesticide use and the resultant not only visible but also invisible adverse effects on farmers' neurological, hematological, and electrolyte system. Hence, the commercialization of GM rice is expected to improve the health of farmers in developing countries, where pesticide application is necessary to mitigate crop loss.

关键词： pesticide use farmers health genetically modified rice insect-resistance

China's Labor Transition and the Future of China's Rural Wages and Employment

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China & World Economy 2013年第3期21卷 4-24页

作者： Qiang Li jikun huang Renfu Luo Chengfang Liu Beijing Forestry University Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences

This paper contributes to the assessment of China＇s rural labor markets. According to our data, the increase in off-farm employment that China experienced during the 1980s and 1990s continued during the 2000s. Our analysis shows that migration has become the most prevalent off-farm activity, although the destination of migrants is shifting from outside of one＇s province to destinations closer to home. The present paperfinds that large shares of male and female individuals, especially those under 40 years, are working off the farm. These findings represent an important contribution to the labor economics field. First, the results of the present paper reveal that the labor transition from the agricultural sector to the non-agricultural sector for key segments of China＇s rural labor force is nearly complete. Second, although a large share of China ＂s rural labor force work in agriculture, most of these workers are older men and women （and likely would not be willing to take low-wage, labor-intensive jobs）. Third, the rising unskilled wage rate in China is partially a result of the tightening of the labor force in the young age cohorts. Finally, due to factors associated with the one child policy and other demographic transition forces, successive age cohorts will continue to fall in absolute number in the coming decade. Assuming China＇s growth continues, we expect to see further wage increases since it will take higher wages to coax more workers to work off the farm.

关键词： China labor force participation rural wages

Impact of China-ASEAN Free Trade Area on China's International Agricultural Trade and Its Regional Development

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China & World Economy 2007年第5期15卷 77-90页

作者： huanguang Qiu Yang Jun jikun huang Ruijian Chen Associate professor Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Professor Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Ph. D candidate Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

This study aims to examine the impact of the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area （CAFTA） on China＇s international agricultural trade and its regional agricultural development, using the Global Trade Analysis Project model and the China Agricultural Decision Support System. Our analysis showed that：（i） CAFTA will improve resource allocation efficiencies for both China and ASEAN and will promote bilateral agricultural trade and, hence, will have positive effects on the economic development of both sides; （ii） CAFTA will accelerate China＇s export of the agricultural commodities in which it has comparative advantages, such as vegetables, wheat and horticultural products, but at the same time bring about a large increase in imports of commodities such as vegetable oil and sugar; and （iii） CAFTA will have significantly varying impacts on China＇s regional agricultural development because of large differences in the agricultural production structure in each region. Our results indicate that agriculture in the northern, northeastern and eastern regions of China will benefit from CAFTA, whereas agriculture development in southern China will suffer. Those regional specific impacts are quite different from the effects brought by multilateral free trade treaties, such as those of the WTO, which usually have positive effects on south China but negative impacts on the northern and western parts of China.

关键词： free trade area agricultural trade regional development model analysis

Gender and Off-farm Employment： Evidence from Rural China

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China & World Economy 2016年第3期24卷 18-36页

作者： Xiaobing Wang Linghui Han jikun huang Linxiu Zhang Scott Rozelle Associate Professor School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences Peking University China. Researcher Research Institute of Fiscal Science Ministry of Finance and the National Institute for Fiscal Studies Tsinghua University China Professor School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences Peking University China Professor Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences China Professor Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies Stanford University USA

The goal of the present paper is to examine how the expansion of the economy from 2000 has affected rural off-farm labor market participation. Specifically, we seek to determine whether off-farm labor increased after 2000, what forms of employment are driving trends in off-farm labor and whether gender differences can be observed in off- farm employment trends. Using a nationally representative dataset that consist of two waves of surveys conducted in 2000 and 2008 in six provinces, this paper finds that off- farm labor market participation continued to rise steadily in the early 2000s. However, there is a clear difference in the trends associated with occupational choice before and after 2000. In addition, we find that rural oy^farm employment trends are diffbrent for men and women. Our analysis also shows that the rise of wage-earning employment corresponds with an increasing unskilled wage for both men and women.

关键词： gender rural China self-employment wages

The economic value of grassland ecosystem services: A global meta-analysis

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Grassland Research 2022年第1期1卷 63-74页

作者： Huifang Liu Lingling Hou Nannan Kang Zhibiao Nan jikun huang State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina China Center for Agricultural Policy(CCAP) School of Advanced Agricultural SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina

Background:Grasslands provide a wide variety of ecosystem services that contribute to human *** an increasing number of studies are evaluating the monetary value of grassland ecosystem services,most of them focus on specific grassland ecosystem services at regional or local scales,and they use different assessment ***:This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the economic value of global grassland ecosystem services based on a meta-analysis of 702 observations from 134 primary ***:The economic values of different ecosystem services cover a wide range of grassland types,regions,and estimation *** annual economic value per hectare ranges from$3955 for semidesert grasslands to$5466 for tropical *** average,regulating services have the highest value,which is approximately four times that of provisioning services or approximately eight times that of food supply *** factors impact the estimated ecosystem service values,including the evaluation method,source and year of publication,and study *** results indicate that the annual economic value of global grasslands exceeds$20.8 ***:The findings of this study not only provide useful information for understanding the economic value of various ecosystem services associated with different types of grasslands but also have important policy implications for the ecological conservation of grassland globally.

关键词： ecosystem services economic value grassland screening criteria systematic literature review

六十年中国农业的发展和三十年改革奇迹——制度创新、技术进步和市场改革

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农业技术经济 2010年第1期 4-18页

作者：黄季焜中国科学院农业政策研究中心北京100101

中国农业六十年的发展和三十年的巨变见证了改革的成就和政策的影响。改革前的三十年,农业发展走过了许多弯路。1978年以来的三十年,土地制度改革极大地提高了农民生产积极性,提高了土地和劳动生产率;农业技术进步显著促进了农产品单产... 详细信息

中国农业六十年的发展和三十年的巨变见证了改革的成就和政策的影响。改革前的三十年,农业发展走过了许多弯路。1978年以来的三十年,土地制度改革极大地提高了农民生产积极性,提高了土地和劳动生产率;农业技术进步显著促进了农产品单产的提高,使农业综合生产能力稳步增长;市场化改革和对外开放为农产品市场化建立了坚实的基础,提高了资源配置效率,促进了农业生产结构调整和优化。

关键词：六十年农业改革中国

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践行大食物观和创新政策支持体系

农业经济问题 2023年第5期 22-35页

作者：黄季焜北京大学现代农学院中国农业政策研究中心北京100871

大食物观是进入新时代为更好地保障粮食和总体食物安全而提出的新发展理念。本文旨在厘清食物系统转型过程和大食物观主要内涵和建立与大食物观相适应的政策支持体系的必要性。在分析过去粮食安全、食物观念和相关政策演变的基础上,指... 详细信息

大食物观是进入新时代为更好地保障粮食和总体食物安全而提出的新发展理念。本文旨在厘清食物系统转型过程和大食物观主要内涵和建立与大食物观相适应的政策支持体系的必要性。在分析过去粮食安全、食物观念和相关政策演变的基础上,指出中国食物系统转型已进入需要树立大食物观理念的发展阶段,践行大食物观需要从只关注基于农区耕地的食物生产系统向以农区耕地为主和以国土其他资源以至全球资源为辅的大食物生产系统的战略转变;但要践行这战略转变,目前在许多食物生产领域还面临诸多挑战;为此,本文提出践行大食物观,必须深入探索与大食物观各生产领域发展相适应的制度、政策和投资等创新,促进中国食物供给体系的多元化,更好地保障口粮安全和加快食物消费向更加营养、健康和环保的方向转变。

关键词：大食物观粮食安全食物系统政策创新

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乡村振兴:农村转型、结构转型和政府职能

农业经济问题 2020年第1期41卷 4-16页

作者：黄季焜北京大学新农村发展研究院中国农业政策研究中心

农村发展过程有其共性规律和区域差异。本文首先以亚洲主要国家为例,分析了农村转型和结构转型存在的共性问题及其与农村发展的关系;其次基于40年中国农村发展改革经验,分析了农村转型路径与转型效果以及与农村转型各阶段相适应的的制... 详细信息

农村发展过程有其共性规律和区域差异。本文首先以亚洲主要国家为例,分析了农村转型和结构转型存在的共性问题及其与农村发展的关系;其次基于40年中国农村发展改革经验,分析了农村转型路径与转型效果以及与农村转型各阶段相适应的的制度安排、政策支持和投资重点;基于以上分析,本文提出在乡村振兴过程中,要加速农村转型速度,促进高值农业发展和农民增收;加速结构转型速度,促进农村劳动力非农就业和农业劳动生产率的大幅提升;要转变政府职能,通过制度创新、政策创新和投资创新,加快农村转型和结构转型,促进乡村振兴战略的顺利实施;不同地区加速农村转型不能搞一刀切;同时也提出未来需要深入研究的重大理论和政策问题。

关键词：乡村振兴农村转型结构转型转型路径政府职能