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Effects of arrangement of surge-root irrigation emitters on growth,yield and water use efficiency of apple trees

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排灌机械工程学报 2020年第7期38卷 713-719页

作者： LI Zhongjie FEI Liangjun HAO Kun LIU Teng CHEN Nanshu ZHANG Quanju huang deliang State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-hydraulic Engineering in Arid Area Xi′an University of TechnologyXi′anShaanxi 710048China

Six-year old apple trees were selected for field experiment.The objective of this study was to obtain the reasonable arrangement of surge-root irrigation emitters in apple orchards.There were three factors:the buried depth H(25,40,55 cm),the horizontal distance L(30,40,60 cm)between the emitters and the trunk of the experimental tree,and the number of the irrigation emitters N(1,2,4).The effect of the arrangement of surge-root irrigation emitters on the growth,yield and irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE)of apple trees were studied in Northern Shaanxi where the irrigation quota takes 60%-75%of the field water capacity.The results showed that the arrangement of emitters for surge-root irrigation had a significant effect on apple tree yield and IWUE,especially,the yield and IWUE reached 28388.17 kg/hm2 and 16.83 kg/m3 in treatment T3,respectively.At the same L and N levels(T1,T2,and T3),the yield and IWUE in treatment T3 were the highest,and the yields in treatments T1 and T2 were decreased by 26.22%and 31.48%,while IWUE is reduced by14.02%and 18.12%compared with T3,respectively.At the same H and N levels(T3,T4,and T5),the yield and IWUE of apple trees were decreased with increasing L level.Especially,when L was 30 cm(T3),the yield and IWUE were the highest.The same L and H levels(T3,T6,and T7)could promote the growth of apple trees when N was 2(T3).Compared with treatment T3,it was found that the increment of new shoots was decreased by 8.07%-18.71%,and the fruit diameter was decreased by 5.41%-9.11%.Therefore,two emitters should be arranged symmetrically on both sides of an apple tree,each was buried at a 40 cm depth and 30 cm away from the trunk of the tree to effectively improve the yield and IWUE of the apple tree in mountainous areas in Northern Shaanxi.

关键词： irrigation emitters surge-root irrigation apple trees arrangement modes yield irrigation water use efficiency

马铃薯主栽品种抗马铃薯金线虫鉴定及抗性分子标记检测

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中国农业科学 2024年第8期57卷 1506-1516页

作者：黄立强江如朱波汁彭焕许翀宋家雄陈敏李永青黄文坤彭德良中国农业科学院植物保护研究所植物病虫害综合治理全国重点实验室云南省昭通市植保植检站

【目的】马铃薯金线虫（Globodera rostochiensis）是国际公认的重要检疫性有害生物，目前已在云南、贵州、四川3省7县（市）发生危害，产区内多个种薯基地受到传播威胁。通过西南地区马铃薯主栽品种对马铃薯金线虫的抗性鉴定、分子标... 详细信息

【目的】马铃薯金线虫（Globodera rostochiensis）是国际公认的重要检疫性有害生物，目前已在云南、贵州、四川3省7县（市）发生危害，产区内多个种薯基地受到传播威胁。通过西南地区马铃薯主栽品种对马铃薯金线虫的抗性鉴定、分子标记检测及田间抗性评价，明确已知抗病基因的分布情况，为该地区马铃薯金线虫应急防控、抗病品种合理布局和良种推广提供依据。【方法】利用云南马铃薯金线虫群体对15份马铃薯主栽品种进行室内盆栽接种，计算最终单株孢囊数和相对感病性，根据抗性等级划分标准进行抗性评价；同时利用57R和TG689分子标记鉴定抗马铃薯金线虫H1，以β-胡萝卜素羟化酶基因的BCH分子标记为对照；并于2020年和2021年在云南省昭通市开展两年度的田间试验，在播种前和收获后分别采集土壤样品并分离孢囊，计算播种前初始群体密度（Pi）、最终群体密度（Pf）及平均繁殖系数（Pf/Pi）。马铃薯现蕾至始花期测定株高，收获时测定产量。【结果】15个马铃薯主栽品种中的云薯505、宣薯5号、会薯15号、会薯19号以及云薯304共5个品种为高抗品种，马铃薯金线虫基本不能在这些品种上繁殖；丽薯6号、宣薯6号为中感品种；其余8个为高感品种，尤其是会-2、丽薯15号以及宣薯8号的平均繁殖系数高于感病对照品种会薯16号（Pf/Pi=17.15）。两个H1基因鉴定分子标记结果大致相同，5个马铃薯品种，即云薯505、宣薯5号、会薯15号、云薯304和宣薯6号含H1。马铃薯金线虫的繁殖系数在田间抗/感马铃薯品种上具有显著性差异，抗性等级为9的高抗品种田间平均繁殖系数在2021年（0.04—0.12）和2022年（0.05—0.14）均1.00，高感品种种植后田间线虫种群数量增加。不同品种间株高和产量差异显著（P<0.05）,5个高抗品种株高的均值在两年间均显著高于8个高感品种。宣薯5号、会薯15号和会薯19号产量最高，两年度分别为51.67—56.48和33.28—40.57 t·hm-2，会-2产量最低。【结论】西南混作区主栽马铃薯高抗品种对马铃薯金线虫具有优良抗性，主要携带H1抗病基因且能够显著减少田间马铃薯金线虫群体密度。高抗品种中宣薯5号、会薯15号和会薯19号为高产抗病良种，云薯304为富锌薯片加工型品种。亟待根据马铃薯金线虫的发生分布，进一步有针对性地扩大对主栽品种抗性水平的鉴定。

关键词：马铃薯金线虫马铃薯抗性品种 H1抗病基因分子标记检测

Behavior of phase transformation of Baotou mixed rare earth concentrate during oxidation roasting

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Journal of Rare Earths 2022年第6期40卷 981-987,I0005页

作者： deliang Meng Meng Wang Zongyu Feng Chao Xia Yanyan Zhao Xiaowei huang School of Metallurgy Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China National Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth Materials GRINM Group Co.Ltd.Beijing 100088China General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Beijing 100088China GRIREM Advanced Materials Co. Ltd.Beijing 100088China

Based on the new process named "Combination Method" for metallurgy and separation of Baotou mixed rare earth concentrate(BMREC),the aim of this paper is to clearly elucidate the phase change behavior of BMREC without additives during oxidative roasting at 450-800℃.The results indicate that the bastnaesite in BMREC is decomposed at 450-550℃,the weight loss is about 10.3 wt%,and the activation energy(E) is 144 kJ/mol.The bastnaesite in BMREC is decomposed into rare earth fluoride,rare earth oxides(La_(2)O_(3),Ce_(7)O_(12),Pr_(6)O_(11) and Nd_(2)O_(3)),and CO_(2),particularly,with the increase of roasting temperature,bastnaesite in BMREC is more completely decomposed into LaF_(3),which causes a decrease in leaching rate of La during the HCI leaching process.Additionally,the maximum cerium oxidation efficiency reaches about 60 wt% when the roasting temperature is equal to or above 500℃,and the oxidation reaction rate of cerium increases with the increasing roasting temperature.

关键词： Phase change Combination method Oxidation roasting Cerium oxidation efficiency Rare earths

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生物质气化制合成气净化技术研究进展

动力工程学报 2024年第2期44卷 168-180页

作者：高亚丽田丽娜卫俊涛于广锁王辅臣黄安奎徐德良张书南京林业大学材料科学与工程学院江苏省林业生物质材料与能源国际合作联合实验室南京210037 宁夏大学化学化工学院省部共建煤炭高效利用与绿色化工国家重点实验室银川750021 华东理工大学资源与环境工程学院水煤浆气化及煤化工国家工程研究中心(上海)上海200237 火星人厨具股份有限公司浙江嘉兴314400

主要综述了合成气中各种污染物的气体净化技术,根据处理方式和处理温度的不同,可分为冷/热气体净化。对于固体颗粒物污染物,冷/热气体净化都采用物理去除的方式;焦油冷气体净化一般采用物理分离方式,而热气体净化可以通过高温热裂解或... 详细信息

主要综述了合成气中各种污染物的气体净化技术,根据处理方式和处理温度的不同,可分为冷/热气体净化。对于固体颗粒物污染物,冷/热气体净化都采用物理去除的方式;焦油冷气体净化一般采用物理分离方式,而热气体净化可以通过高温热裂解或气化过程加入催化剂实现;含氮污染物易溶于水,因此冷气体净化大多选择用水、酸性或有机溶剂直接吸收,热气体净化通常用催化氧化的方式;相比于含氮污染物,含硫污染物使用冷气体净化既可以选择液体溶剂吸收,又可以使用多孔碳材料等固体吸附剂进行吸附,金属氧化物被认为在高温下对含硫污染物有好的吸附性能。在冷气体净化中氯化物的去除一般通过氯化铵(NH_(4)Cl)沉积和氯化氢(HCl)蒸气吸收两种机制进行,在热气体净化中金属可以与卤化物以卤化物盐的形式一起被去除。

关键词：生物质气化合成气净化污染物冷气体热气体

面向TOD的充电站需求预测与布局规划模型研究

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交通工程 2024年第4期24卷 72-78页

作者：黄子轩张琼之李以南覃胜王德梁重庆大学机械传动国家重点实验室重庆400044 重庆城市综合交通枢纽(集团)有限公司重庆401120

通过在TOD交通枢纽停车场建设过程中合理规划充电站的布局对于推广绿色出行具有重要意义。首先利用随机分布估计电动汽车的初始电量,基于用户的出行特性估计出行时刻和时长,并考虑用户的里程焦虑因素来设置充电终止电量阈值,建立TOD片... 详细信息

通过在TOD交通枢纽停车场建设过程中合理规划充电站的布局对于推广绿色出行具有重要意义。首先利用随机分布估计电动汽车的初始电量,基于用户的出行特性估计出行时刻和时长,并考虑用户的里程焦虑因素来设置充电终止电量阈值,建立TOD片区电动汽车的充电模型;其次以建设运行成本和用户等待成本为优化目标,通过设置惩罚因子限制充电区域的排队拥挤度,建立充电站最优布局规划模型;最后预测目标年的电动汽车占比,以某TOD核心区前区及启动区为对象进行案例验证,采用鲸鱼优化算法进行模型求解。结果表明在确保排队长度适当的前提下实现了某TOD交通枢纽合理的充电站配置,为交通枢纽领域的充电站布局规划提供模型方法。

关键词：电动汽车 TOD交通枢纽布局规划排队拥挤度出行特性

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Reaction between tetravalent cerium ion and chloride ion and effect of thiourea using cyclic voltammetry

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Journal of Rare Earths 2022年第10期40卷 1635-1640页

作者： deliang Meng Xiaowei huang Zongyu Feng Meng Wang Juanyu Yang Chao Xia Yanyan Zhao Yuqing Wei School of Metallurgy Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China National Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth Materials GRINM Group Co.Ltd.Beijing 100088China GRIREM Advanced Materials Co. Ltd.Beijing 100088China General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Beijing 100088China

To monitor the reaction between Ce^(4+) ion and Cl-ion at the electron level,an electrochemical experiment was designed in this work.Herein,the intermediate and final products that may be produced during the redox reaction are directly tracked by using cyclic voltammetry,and the influences of Ce^(4+) ion concentration,temperatu re and F-ion on the reduction peak potential of Ce^(4+) ion were investigated.The results show that Ce^(4+) ion reacts with Cl-ion through an irreversible reaction without any intermediate products,and the rate-determining step of the reaction is diffusion during the electrode reaction.The effects of temperature(20-40℃) and Ce^(4+) ion concentration(0.04-0.12 mol/L) on the reduction peak pote ntial of Ce^(4+) ion can be ignored,but the higher the molar ratio of F-to Ce^(4+)(0-3 mol/mol),the mo re easily the reduction of Ce^(4+) ion to Ce^(3+) ion occurs.Additionally,the Ce^(4+) ions are preferentially reduced by thiourea when thiourea is added in the HCl solution,and thiourea inhibits the oxidation of Cl-ions to Cl_(2) by forming a complex with Cl-ions.This work provides a theoretical basis for the role of thiourea in inhibiting Cl_(2) production and offers a new way to find new reductants.

关键词： Electrochemical test Cyclic voltammetry Redox reaction Rare earths

Time of Liver Function Abnormal Identification on Prediction of the Risk of Anti-tuberculosis-induced Liver Injury

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2023年第2期11卷 425-432页

作者： deliang huang Jinghan Peng Lin Lei Yuanyuan Chen Zhibing Zhu Qingxian Cai Yongcong Deng Jun Chen Department of Liver Diseases The Third People’s Hospital of ShenzhenThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina Department of Tuberculosis The Third People’s Hospital of ShenzhenThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina

Background and Aims:Anti-tuberculosis(anti-TB)druginduced liver injury(AT-DILI)is the most common side effect in patients who received anti-TB therapy.AT-DILI management includes monitoring liver function until symptoms arise in patients without high-risk factors for liver damage.The present study aimed to investigate the effect of liver function test(LFT)abnormal identification on the risk of DILI,including liver failure and anti-TB drug resistance in patients without high-risk factors.Methods:A total of 399 patients without high-risk factors for liver damage at baseline and who experienced LFT abnormal during the 6 months of first-line anti-TB treatment were enrolled.The Roussel Uclaf Causal Relationship Assessment Method(RUCAM,2016)was applied in suspected DILI.The correlations between the time of LFT abnormal identification and DILI,liver failure,and anti-TB drug resistance were analyzed by smooth curve fitting and multivariable logistic regression models.Results:Among all study patients,131 met the criteria for DILI with a mean RUCAM causality score of 8.86±0.63.26/131 and 105/131 were in the probable grading and highly probable grading,respectively.The time of abnormal LFT identification was an independent predictor of DILI,liver failure,and anti-TB drug resistance in the crude model and after adjusting for other risk patient factors.The time of abnormal LFT identification was positively correlated with DILI,liver failure,and anti-TB drug resistance.The late identification group(>8 weeks)had the highest risk of DILI,followed by liver failure compared with the other two groups.Conclusions:The time to identification of LFT was positively correlated with DILI,liver failure,and anti-TB drug resistance.The risk of DILI and liver failure was significantly increased in the late identification group with abnormal LFT identified after 8 weeks compared with 4 and 8 weeks.Early monitoring of LFT is recommended for patients without the high-risk factor of DILI after anti-TB treatment is initiated.

关键词： Liver function abnormal identification time Anti-tuberculosis induced liver injury Liver failure RUCAM causality scale

Mitochondrial DNA A1555G mutation screening using a testing kit method and its significance in preventing aminoglycoside-related hearing loss

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Journal of Otology 2006年第1期1卷 61-64页

作者： LIU Xin DAI Pu huang deliang YUAN Huijun LI Weiming YU Fei ZHANG Xin KANG Dongyang CAO Juyang YANG Weiyan HAN Dongyi JIN Zhengce GUAN Minxin Department of Otolaryngology Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina Weihai Aomaier Gene Technological CO. LTD.WeihaiShandong 264200China. Division and Program in Human Genetics and Center for Hearing and Deafness Research Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA

To report a new screening method for mitochondrial DNA 1555A→G mutation and the results of genotype analysis in 19 maternal inherited deafness pedigrees. Method Five hundred and forty-six non-syndromic neuro-sensory hearing loss patients were tested for 1555A→G mutation using a new compact testing kit, which allows clear distinction between wild type and 1555 A→G mutated mtDNAs. Results Nineteen subjects among the 546 patients (3.48%) were found to carry mtDNA A1555G mutation. The results were confirmed by sequencing in an ABI 3100 Avant sequencer. Conclusions Maternal inherited deafness families are a frequently seen in outpatient group. The detection of mtDNA 1555 A→G mutation with a low cost, ready to use detection kit is needed and suitable in China for large scale screening and preventive testing before usage of aminoglycoside antibiotics.

关键词： ototoxic deafness maternal pedigree gene mutation prevention

Changes in the supply and demand potentials of China's glacier water resources in the 21st century:Spatiotemporal mismatches and combined effects

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2023年第5期14卷 746-757页

作者： Bo Su Hong-Yu Zhao Heng Ma Can Zhang deliang Chen Bin Chen Yi huang Shi-Wei Liu Tong Zhang Cun-De Xiao State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China School of Environment Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China School of Public Administration China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Department of Computational Landscape Ecology Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZLeipzig 04318Germany Regional Climate Group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg 40530Sweden

China's glacier water resources(GWRs)are not only indispensable suppliers of fresh water for humans living in large domestic areas but also affect the water supply to downstream neighbouring countries.Therefore,it is crucial to systematically evaluate the spatiotemporal(mis-)matches between the supply and demand potentials of China's GWRs and the combined supply and demand effects in the 21st century to enable regional sustainable development.To facilitate such research,in this study,we first regionalized the importance of China's GWRs in terms of the supply potential and downstream human dependence to reveal the spatial(mis-)matches between supply and demand potentials.Then,changes in the service potential of glacier meltwater and in population dynamics,as well as their temporal(mis-)matches and associated opportunities and risks,were further assessed at the river basin scale.The results showed that GWR plays an important role in 4 of 16 macroscale glacier-fed basins(i.e.,Tarim,Junggar,Ili,and Zangxi)and 11 of 37 subbasins within the China region due to higher supply potential and demand potential in those basins.The importance of China's GWRs increases dramatically when taking the demand potential of downstream countries into account,especially in the Ganges and Indus river basins.The peaks in meltwater runoff from the most glacierized basins of the eastern Tianshan Mountains,eastern Qilian Mountains,and southeastern Tibetan Plateau of China occur slightly earlier than the projected peak population(around 2030)under the mid-range Shared Socioeconomic Pathway(SSP245),leading to a compound risk in terms of decreasing meltwater supply and increasing human dependence at the end of the 2020s.However,the peak meltwater is expected to occur later than the peak population in the Tarim,Qiangtang Plateau,and Qaidam basins.The opportunities offered by the increase in meltwater can relieve the water resource pressure for those populations under water-stressed conditions.Greater attention should also be paid to water shorta

关键词： Glacier water resources Population growth China,Opportunity&risk Climate change