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Soil Phosphorus Fractions Change in Winter in a Corn-Soybean Rotation with Tillage and Phosphorus Fertilization

Pedosphere 2015年第1期25卷 1-11页

作者： yi-Chao SHI Noura ZIADI Aimé J.MESSIGA Roger LALANDE hu zheng-yi Soils and Crops Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Environmental and Resource Studies Program Trent University

Determining how agricultural management practices affect soil phosphorus(P) over the winter may further our understanding of the soil P cycle under specific environmental conditions in eastern Canada. This study assessed changes over winter for soil P fractions and other selected chemical properties as affected by tillage and P fertilization. In 1992, a long-term corn(Zea mays L.) and soybean(Glycine max L.) rotational experiment was established in the province of Quebec, Canada. Soil samples(0–15 cm) were collected in fall 2001 and 2007 after a soybean harvest, and in the following spring 2002 and 2008 before corn seeding, in main plots under moldboard plow and no-till managements and selected subplots fertilized with 0, 17.5, or 35 kg P ha-1and 160 kg N ha-1. Soil samples were analyzed for P fractions and other chemical properties to assess changes over winter for 2001–2002 and 2007–2008. Changes over winter of all soil P fractions were significant for the two periods, indicating the occurrence of soil P transformation and movement over winter. The Mehlich-3-extractable Fe, Al, Ca, and Mg decreased during the two studied periods. Tillage had no significant effect on all soil P fractions. The resin-extractable P in 2001–2002 and Na HCO3-extractable inorganic P and Na OH-extractable organic P during the two winters were significantly increased under P fertilization. This study demonstrated that P in cultivated soils changed during winter as a result of changes in labile P fractions possibly due to the solubilization of residual fertilizer P combined with environmental factors.

关键词： agricultural management practices environmental factors inorganic P labile P organic P

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Characteristics of Soil Fertility of Buried Ancient Paddy at Chuodun Site in Yangtze River Delta, China

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2006年第6期5卷 441-450页

作者： LU Jia hu zheng-yi CAO Zhi-hong YANG Lin-zhang LIN Xian-gui DONG Yuan-hua DING Jin-long zheng Yun-fei State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science the Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 P. R. China Graduate School the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beljing 100039 P.R.China Suzhou Museum Suzhou 215001 P.R.China Zhejiang Cultural Relics and Archaeology Institute Hangzhou 310014 P.R.China

Field investigation and laboratory analysis of 22 ancient paddy soils excavated at Chuodun site, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, China were carried out in 2003 to （1） understand the basic characteristics of ancient paddy soils, （2） compare the difference of soil fertility between ancient paddy soils and recent paddy soils, and （3） inquire into mechanisms of the sustainability of paddy soil. The oldest paddy soils at Chuodun site can be dated back to Neolithic age, around 6000 aBP. These ancient fields were buried in about 1-m deep from the soil surface and their areas ranged from 0.32 to 12.9 m^2 with an average of 5.2 m^2. The paddy soils with 〉 5 000 pellets phytolith g^-1 soil were termed intensively cultivated paddy soils （ICPS） and those with 〈5000 pellets phytolith g^-1 soil were called weakly cultivated soils （WCPS）. The contents of organic carbon （OC）, and total N in the former were significantly higher than that in the latter. Ancient paddy soils had higher soil pH and C/N, total and available P, and lower contents of OC, DOC, total N, S, Cu, Fe, and available K, S, Fe, Mn, and Cu compared with recent paddy soils, which were attributed to application of chemical and manure fertilizers, pollution and acidification in recent paddy soils. The variation coefficients of OC and other nutrients in ancient paddy soils with higher PI were greater than that in ancient paddy soils with low PI, which indicated that human activities had a great impact on the spatial variability of soil nutrients. The contents of OC, total N, P and S in ancient paddy soils were higher than that in ancient moss of the same age, which indicated that planting rice during Majiabang culture period was beneficial to the accumulation of those life elements.

关键词： Chuodun site ancient paddy soils ancient rice fields soil fertility nutrients

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Pollen and Phytolith Analyses of Ancient Paddy Fields at Chuodun Site, the Yangtze River Delta

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Pedosphere 2007年第2期17卷 209-218页

作者： LI Chun-Hai ZHANG Gang-Ya YANG Lin-Zhang LIN Xian-Gui hu zheng-yi DONG Yuan-hua CAO Zhi-Hong zheng Yun-Fei DING Jin-Long Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 （China） Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 （China） Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology Hangzhou 310014 （China） Suzhou Museum Suzhou 215001 （China）

A number of paddy fields pertaining to the Majiabang Cultures (5500-3800 years BC) were discovered during the archaeological excavations that were carried out since 1998 at the Chuodun site in the Yangtze River Delta. The pollen and phytolith analyses of two soil profiles from the northeastern part of this site were carried out to trace the agricultural practices of the Neolithic period. The phytolith results showed that rice domestication in the Yangtze River Delta could be traced back to as early as the Majiabang Culture. The pollen assemblage also revealed low levels of aquatic species, similar to that in modern paddy fields. This finding suggested that humans might have removed weeds for rice cultivation during the Neolithic period. Thus, pollen analysis in association with phytolith analysis was a promising method for identifying ancient paddy fields.

关键词： ancient paddy fields Neolithic period pollen analysis phytolith analysis Yangtze River Delta

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Contribution of Atmospheric Nitrogen Compounds to N Deposition in a Broadleaf Forest of Southern China

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Pedosphere 2007年第3期17卷 360-365页

作者： hu zheng-yi XU Cheng-Kai ZHOU Li-Na SUN Ben-hua HE Yuan-Qiu ZHOU Jing CAO Zhi-Hong State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008 （China） College of Forest Resources and Environment Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210007 （China） College of Resources and Environment Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry Yangling 712100（China）

A one-year study in a typical red soil region of southern China was conducted to determine atmospheric nitrogen (N) fluxes of typical N compounds (NH3, NH4-N, NO3-N, and NO2) and contribution of three sources (gas, rainwater, and particles) to N deposition. From July 2003 to June 2004, the total atmospheric N deposition was 70.7 kg N ha-1, with dry deposition accounting for 75% of the total deposition. Dry NH3 deposition accounted for 73% of the dry deposition and 55% of the total deposition. Moreover, NO2 contributed 11% of the dry deposition and 8% of the total deposition. Reduced N compounds (NH4+ and NH3) were the predominate contributors, accounting for 66% of the total deposition. Therefore, atmospheric N deposition should be considered when soil acidification and critical loads of atmospheric deposition on soils are estimated.

关键词： atmospheric deposition broadleaf forest nitrogen red soil soil acidification

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基于污染物削减效果和成本的农业面源污染控制技术优选——以太湖地区为例

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生态与农村环境学报 2015年第4期31卷 608-616页

作者：刘莉胡正义中国科学院大学资源与环境学院/中丹学院北京100049

农业面源污染控制既要考虑技术对污染物的削减效果,也要兼顾工程建设-运行成本。以我国近20 a来农业(种植业、畜禽养殖业、水产养殖业)面源污染控制具有代表性的73种技术为对象,根据指标(总氮、总磷、氨氮、COD削减率,建设成本,运行成本... 详细信息

农业面源污染控制既要考虑技术对污染物的削减效果,也要兼顾工程建设-运行成本。以我国近20 a来农业(种植业、畜禽养殖业、水产养殖业)面源污染控制具有代表性的73种技术为对象,根据指标(总氮、总磷、氨氮、COD削减率,建设成本,运行成本)完整性等因素初步选择了12种技术,采用层次-灰色关联度法选择兼顾污染物削减率和成本的最适技术。结果表明:种植业污染控制技术中以农田排水植物-微生物复合处理技术为最好,其次是生态拦截沟渠技术;畜禽养殖业面源污染控制技术中以养殖废水土地渗滤处理系统为最好,其次是人工湿地技术;水产养殖业污染控制技术中以组合填料序批式生物膜法为最好,其次是生物-生态复合处理技术。针对太湖地区实际情况,生态拦截沟渠技术更适合该地区农田排水污染控制,土地渗滤处理系统可用于太湖上游地区畜禽养殖业废水处理,组合填料序批式生物膜法可以用于水产养殖排水处理。所提出的层次-灰色关联度法可满足兼顾污染物削减和工程建设-运行成本的面源污染控制技术比选和决策需求。

关键词：太湖地区农业面源污染污染物削减灰色关联度分析法层次分析法

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Determination of forest soil organic nitrogen determination using technique of X-ray absorption near-edge structure

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Journal of Forestry Research 2006年第3期17卷 189-192页

作者： ZhuANG Shun-yao XU Meng-jie hu zheng-yi State Key Lab of Soil Science and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 P. R. China Department of Public Management Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P. R. China

The forest soil organic N was investigated using N K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure （XANES） to gain an insight into the relationship between N speciation and its transformation in quantity. Soil samples were collected from spruce, hemlock and pine forests in central Taiwan. Results showed that various organic N types could be revealed by XANES spectra. Amide and pyrrolic N are the major parts of the composition in the humic substance, soluble organic nitrogen and original soils. The relative distribution of N speciation differed in treatments and vegetations samples. The spruce had a significant difference from the hemlock in soluble organic nitrogen （SON） spectra at 402.3 eV energy peak. In the A-horizon soils, the relative amount of pyridinic N was much higher than that in the O-horizon soils, indicating N transformation in quantity in the mineral horizon was different from that in the organic horizon, which might play an important role in N cycling of forest ecosystems.

关键词： Forest soils N K-edge XANES spectra Nitrogen speciation Organic nitrogen Nitrogen transformation

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江西鹰潭地区森林生态系统NO_2浓度变化规律

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中国环境科学 2006年第2期26卷 171-175页

作者：樊建凌胡正义中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室

利用中国科学院红壤生态试验站（江西鹰潭）森林微气象分站二氧化氨（NO2）定位连续观测数据，分析了2003年8月-2004年7月江西鹰潭森林大气NO2浓度的分布特征和动态变化．结果表明。该森林生态系统NO2浓度时均值、日均值和月均值分别为1... 详细信息

利用中国科学院红壤生态试验站（江西鹰潭）森林微气象分站二氧化氨（NO2）定位连续观测数据，分析了2003年8月-2004年7月江西鹰潭森林大气NO2浓度的分布特征和动态变化．结果表明。该森林生态系统NO2浓度时均值、日均值和月均值分别为12．2，12．2，17．4μgm^3，其中51．7％89日均浓度介于10-15μg／m^3．白天NO2浓度比夜晚低7％，是大峰值浓度在夜晚21：00．秋、冬季NO2浓度高，春、夏季低．大气NO2浓度季节变化表明该地区已受到污染，但污染较轻。NO2满足国家Ⅰ级标准．

关键词：森林二氧化氮动态野外定位观测

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长三角绰墩遗址新石器时期以来间歇性连续稻作证据及其成因探讨

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中国科学院研究生院学报 2010年第5期27卷 605-613页

作者：卢佳胡正义中国科学院南京土壤研究所/土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室南京210008 中国科学院研究生院北京100049

以绰墩遗址2个古土壤剖面(0～200cm)为对象,通过植硅体、有机碳、文化层、14C断代探讨稻作史及成因。结果表明,最大种稻强度在100～116cm(马家浜文化期),随后在75～100cm(马家浜-良渚文化期),种稻强度锐减。其原因并非土壤养分不足;6280... 详细信息

以绰墩遗址2个古土壤剖面(0～200cm)为对象,通过植硅体、有机碳、文化层、14C断代探讨稻作史及成因。结果表明,最大种稻强度在100～116cm(马家浜文化期),随后在75～100cm(马家浜-良渚文化期),种稻强度锐减。其原因并非土壤养分不足;6280aBP以后气候转为干冷,宜种稻的湿地演化为旱地,可能是主因。在160～100cm(马家浜文化期)、100～42cm(良渚-马桥文化期)、42～0cm(宋代-现代)存在间歇性连续稻作。

关键词：水稻古土壤稻作历史绰墩遗址植硅体营养元素土壤有机碳

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围海造田长期耕种稻田和旱地土壤氮矿化速率及供氮潜力比较

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植物营养与肥料学报 2011年第1期17卷 62-70页

作者：卢佳胡正义中国科学院南京土壤研究所/土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室南京210008 中国科学院研究生院北京100049

围海造田是沿海地区拓展土地面积的主要途径。土壤氮矿化参数是揭示围海造田土壤肥力演变和土壤氮供应的重要指标,但是我国沿海造田土壤的相关研究少有报道。本研究以杭州湾南岸海积平原上慈溪市1000年和520年筑塘造田区为对象,选择4个... 详细信息

围海造田是沿海地区拓展土地面积的主要途径。土壤氮矿化参数是揭示围海造田土壤肥力演变和土壤氮供应的重要指标,但是我国沿海造田土壤的相关研究少有报道。本研究以杭州湾南岸海积平原上慈溪市1000年和520年筑塘造田区为对象,选择4个代表性采样点,每个点从低洼稻田采集1个表层混合水稻土,在其相邻高地采集1个表层混合旱地土壤,共8个样品。采用间隙淋洗法研究了土壤样品氮矿化动力学特征。结果如下：119d培养试验证实水稻土和旱地土壤有机氮矿化动力学符合一级反应动力学方程Nt=N0（1-e-kt）;水稻土有机氮矿化势（N0）为82.7-161.9mg/kg（平均114mg/kg）,占有机氮的7.3%,旱地土壤N0为63.9-104.4mg/kg（平均83.4mg/kg）,占有机氮的7.3%;水稻土有机氮矿化速率（k）为0.033-0.114/d（平均0.064/d）,旱地土壤k为0.007-0.023/d（平均0.020/d）。土壤综合供氮指标（N0×k）,水稻土为3.84-18.46mg/（kg.d）[平均8.0mg/（kg.d）],旱地土壤为0.54-2.66mg/（kg.d）[平均1.6mg/（kg.d）]。水稻土总氮含量为1.4-2.0g/kg（平均1.6g/kg）,旱地为0.87-2.0g/kg（平均1.3g/kg）。可见,水稻土氮库、供氮潜力和速率均大于相邻旱地土壤。因此,从土壤氮肥力来讲,相对于旱地,围海形成的水稻田更具有可持续利用性。

关键词：围海造田氮矿化矿化势矿化速率水田旱地土地利用

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Bowel preparation before colonoscopy: Consequences, mechanisms, and treatment of intestinal dysbiosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第2期31卷 13-26页

作者： Ze-Long zheng Qing-Fan zheng Li-Qiang Wang yi Liu Department of Gastroenterology(Endoscopy Center) China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130033Jilin ProvinceChina

The term“gut microbiota”primarily refers to the ecological community of various microorganisms in the gut,which constitutes the largest microbial community in the human *** adequate bowel preparation can improve the results of colonoscopy,it may interfere with the gut *** preparation for colonoscopy can lead to transient changes in the gut microbiota,potentially affecting an individual’s health,especially in vulnerable populations,such as patients with inflammatory bowel ***,measures such as oral pro-biotics may ameliorate these adverse *** focused on the bowel prepa-ration-induced changes in the gut microbiota and host health status,hypothesized the factors influencing these changes,and attempted to identify measures that may reduce dysbiosis,thereby providing more information for individualized bowel preparation for colonoscopy in the future.

关键词： Bowel preparation Colonoscopy Microbiota Inflammatory bowel disease Probiotics

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