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Study on the atmospheric heat engine efficiency and heat source characteristics of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in summer

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第1期67卷 117-133页

作者： Yujie LI Xiaoqing GAO Yaoming MA zeyong hu Zhenchao LI Liwei YANG Xiao JIN Xiyin ZHOU Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions of Chinese Academy of Sciences Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Tianjin Key Laboratory for Oceanic Meteorology Tianjin Institute of Meteorological ScienceTianjin 300074China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

There are many types of atmospheric heat engines in land-air *** accurate definition,calculation and interpretation of the efficiency of atmospheric heat engines are key to understanding energy transfer and transformation of landair *** atmosphere over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)in summer can be regarded as a positive heat *** study of the heat engine efficiency is helpful to better understand land-air interaction and thermal-dynamic processes on the *** also provides a new perspective to explain the impact of the QTP on the climate of China,East Asia and even the *** this paper,we used MOD08 and ERA5 reanalysis data to calculate the atmospheric heat engine efficiency,surface heat source and atmospheric heat source on the QTP in summer(May to September)from 2000 to *** average atmospheric heat engine efficiency on the QTP in summer from 2000 to 2020 varies between 1.2%and 1.5%,which is less than 1.6%;the heat engine efficiency in summer is higher than that in June,July and August;the Qaidam Basin is the region with the highest atmospheric heat engine efficiency,followed by the western *** mean surface heat source on the QTP in summer from 2000 to 2020 is 96.0 W m^(−2),the atmospheric heat source is 90.7 W m^(−2),and the release of precipitation condensation latent heat is the most important component of the atmospheric heat source on the QTP in *** is a strong and significant positive correlation between the atmospheric heat engine efficiency and the surface heat source on the QTP in *** precipitation condensation latent heat is the most important component of the atmospheric heat source in summer and can reflect the precipitation *** is a strong and significant negative correlation between the atmospheric heat engine efficiency and the atmospheric heat source on the QTP in summer.

关键词： Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Climate change Land-air system Atmospheric heat engine Heat source on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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青藏铁路沿线气候特征精细化模拟研究

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高原气象 2024年第4期43卷 868-882页

作者：路富全杨耀先胡泽勇中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院寒旱区陆面过程与气候变化重点实验室甘肃兰州730000 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院那曲高寒气候环境观测研究站西藏那曲852000 兰州资源环境职业技术大学气候资源开发及防灾减灾研究室甘肃兰州730021 中国科学院大学北京100049

青藏铁路格拉段(以下简称青藏铁路),特别是从西大滩至安多穿越550 km多年冻土区的路段,沿线有着复杂的地形地貌和冻土环境。近年来随着气候变暖和多年冻土退化,对于建造在多年冻土之上的青藏铁路的维护需求剧增,为了能充分捕捉青藏铁路... 详细信息

青藏铁路格拉段(以下简称青藏铁路),特别是从西大滩至安多穿越550 km多年冻土区的路段,沿线有着复杂的地形地貌和冻土环境。近年来随着气候变暖和多年冻土退化,对于建造在多年冻土之上的青藏铁路的维护需求剧增,为了能充分捕捉青藏铁路沿线地区复杂的地形地貌对局地气候变化的影响,以期对青藏铁路的运行维护提供理论支持。本文利用铁路沿线站点观测数据,并以ERA5数据驱动WRF模式进行网格距离为10 km×10 km的动力降尺度模拟。结果显示,青藏铁路沿线的六个站点自1998-2020年普遍呈现增温趋势,增温率最低的站点为0.27℃·(10a)^(-1),最高为0.56℃·(10a)^(-1);WRF模式对表面气温的模拟在年平均气温结果与观测数据略有差异,在夏季和秋季的模拟结果较好,夏季相关系数达到0.95以上,秋季在0.80以上,春季和冬季较差;WRF降水模拟的结果显示,Nudging方法有效改进了青藏高原夏季降水的湿偏差,青藏铁路北段至铁路南段降水逐渐增加,且在铁路中部降水出现极大值。WRF模式在青藏高原的温度和降水模拟上仍存在着一定的冷偏差和湿偏差,寻找新的方法或利用高质量驱动数据来驱动模式将可能对青藏高原地区的降尺度模拟结果有更进一步的改善。

关键词：青藏铁路 WRF模式动力降尺度精细化模拟气温和降水

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Origin and advances in implementing blowing-snow effects in the Community Land Model

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2019年第5期11卷 335-339页

作者： zeyong hu ZhiPeng Xie Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions Northwest Institute of Eco‐Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100085China

Snow cover on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)is closely related to regional and continental biological and hydrological *** vast snow cover,special climatic conditions,and sparse vegetative cover over the TP facilitate the occurrence of blowing snow,leading to substantial heterogeneities in the snow cover and great promotion in the moisture supply from the land surface to the overlying atmospheric boundary ***,blowing-snow processes are significantly misrepresented or even neglected in current models,which causes considerable uncertainties of numerical model simulations and leads to erroneous estimates of snow-related processes in mountainous *** present in this paper a brief review of our work in the past 5 years to serve as a basis for further development and improvement of the land-surface *** studies can be divided into three parts:detection of the problems,development of the land-surface model,and application of the coupled model over the TP(the logical framework is presented in Figure 1).The origin and advances in the development of a land-surface model with consideration of blowing-snow effects are described herein;and the importance of blowing-snow processes in the land-surface model,especially over the TP,is *** expect that the blowingsnow studies over the TP will play a key role in documenting and understanding the land-surface processes(LSPs)and the cryospheric changes over the TP.

关键词： blowing snow land surface process community land model Tibetan Plateau

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Parameter Sensitivities of the Community Land Model at Two Alpine Sites in the Three-River Source Region

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2020年第4期34卷 851-864页

作者： Qi LUO Jun WEN zeyong hu Yaqiong LU Xianyu YANG Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 Chengdu University of Information Technology Chengdu 610025 Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041

The three-river source region plays an important role on China’s ecological security and Asia’s water supply. Historically, the region has experienced severe ecological degradation due to climate change and human activities. Reasonable simulations of the energy and water cycles are essential to predict the responses of land surface processes to future climate change. Current land surface models involve empirical functions that are associated with many parameters. These parameter uncertainties will largely affect the simulation when applied to a new domain. The Community Land Model(CLM) is a widely used land surface model, and version 5.0 is the newest version. Compared to the prior version CLM4.5, CLM5.0 has largely updated plant hydraulic and stomatal conductance schemes. How these changes affect parameter sensitivities is unknown. In our work, we tested 17 key parameters in CLM4.5 and 19 parameters in CLM5.0 at two eddy flux sites in the three-river source region: the Maqu and Maduo sites. We adopted the simplest one-at-a-time changes on each parameter and quantified their sensitivities by the parameter effect(PE).We found that the Maqu site was more sensitive to vegetation parameters, while the Maduo site was more sensitive to the initial soil water content in both CLM4.5 and CLM5.0. This is because Maduo grid cell has wetland that does not respond to vegetation parameters in CLM, which may not reflect the reality. Further model development on wetland vegetation parameterization is important. Our validation on the default simulation showed CLM5.0 did not always improve the simulations. The largest difference between CLM5.0 and CLM4.5 was that soil moisture(SM) showed a much stronger decrease in response to a higher leaf area index(LAI) in CLM5.0 than in CLM4.5, suggesting that SM is more sensitive to vegetation changes in CLM5.0.

关键词： parameter sensitivities Community Land Model(CLM) three-river source region

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Changes of Extreme Precipitation and its Associated Mechanisms in Northwest China

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第10期38卷 1665-1681页

作者： Shan LU zeyong hu Haipeng YU Weiwei FAN Chunwei FU Di WU Key laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Shaanxi Meteorological Service Center Xi’an 710014China Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Science Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Characterized by scarce water resources and fragile ecosystems,Northwest China(NWC)has experienced a climate shift from warm-dry to warm-wet conditions since the 1980s that has garnered extensive concern in recent *** this study,the variability in extreme precipitation(EP)during 1961-2016 in different climate zones of NWC and the possible mechanisms for this variation are *** results show that the EP trends significantly increased in most of the westerly zone(WZ)and plateau zone(PZ),while the EP trends did not significantly decrease in the monsoon zone(MZ).The start dates of extreme precipitation(SDEP)and end dates of extreme precipitation(EDEP)advanced and were postponed,respectively,in the WZ and PZ,while the opposite occurred in the *** atmospheric circulation,water vapor transport,and atmospheric instability over NWC varied greatly with the interdecadal shift in EP before and after *** 1986-2016,upper-level divergence and lower-level convergence occurred in the MZ and PZ,which strengthened ascending *** addition,the summer water vapor and atmospheric instability increased in the WZ and *** characteristics created favorable conditions for increased occurrences of EP in the WZ and PZ in ***,the upper-level convergence and lower-level divergence in the MZ strengthened descending *** in summer water vapor and atmospheric instability occurred in the MZ after ***,the environmental conditions in the MZ may have prevented the occurrence and development of EP in summer during 1986-2016.

关键词： EP climate shift atmospheric circulation water vapor transport instability

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Local meteorology in a northern Himalayan valley near Mount Everest and its response to seasonal transitions

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2018年第6期10卷 493-501页

作者： FangLin Sun YaoMing Ma zeyong hu Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100101 China

An automatic weather station(AWS) has been installed at the Qomolangma Station of the China Academy of Sciences(QOMS) since 2005, in a northern Himalayan valley near Mount Everest, with an altitude of 4,270 m a.s.l.. Nine years of meteorological records(2006–2014) from the automatic weather station(AWS) were analyzed in this study, aiming to understand the response of local weather to the seasonal transition on the northern slopes of Mount Everest, with consideration of the movement of the subtropical jet(STJ) and the onset of the Indian Summer Monsoon(ISM). We found:(1) Both the synoptic circulation and the orography have a profound influence on the local weather, especially the local circulation.(2) Southwesterly(SW) and southeasterly(SE) winds prevail alternately at QOMS in the afternoon through the year. The SW wind was driven by the STJ during the non-monsoon months, while the SE was induced by the trans-Himalayan flow through the Arun Valley, a major valley to the east of Mount Everest, under a background of weak westerly winds aloft.(3) The response of air temperature(T) and specific humidity(q) to the monsoon onset is not as marked as that of the nearsurface winds. The q increases gradually and reaches a maximum in July when the rainy period begins.(4) The alternation between the SW wind at QOMS and the afternoon SE wind in the pre-monsoon season signals the northward shift of the STJ and imminent monsoon onset. The average interval between these two events is 14 days.

关键词： mountain meteorology monsoon onset Trans-Himalayan flow orography influence

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Air Temperature Estimation with MODIS Data over the Northern Tibetan Plateau

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2017年第5期34卷 650-662页

作者： Fangfang huANG Weiqiang MA Binbin WANG zeyong hu Yaoming MA Genhou SUN Zhipeng XIE Yun LIN Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China Gansu Meteorological Information and Technology Support Center Gansu Meteorological Bureau Lanzhou 730020 China Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Time series of MODIS land surface temperature(Ts) and normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) products,combined with digital elevation model(DEM) and meteorological data from 2001 to 2012,were used to map the spatial distribution of monthly mean air temperature over the Northern Tibetan Plateau(NTP). A time series analysis and a regression analysis of monthly mean land surface temperature(Ts) and air temperature(Ta) were conducted using ordinary linear regression(OLR) and geographical weighted regression(GWR). The analyses showed that GWR,which considers MODIS Ts,NDVI and elevation as independent variables,yielded much better results [RAdj2> 0.79; root-mean-square error(RMSE) =0.51℃–1.12℃] associated with estimating Tacompared to those from OLR(RAdj2= 0.40-0.78; RMSE = 1.60℃–4.38℃).In addition,some characteristics of the spatial distribution of monthly Taand the difference between the surface and air temperature(Td) are as follows. According to the analysis of the 0℃ and 10℃ isothermals,Tavalues over the NTP at elevations of 4000–5000 m were greater than 10℃ in the summer(from May to October),and Tavalues at an elevation of3200 m dropped below 0℃ in the winter(from November to April). Taexhibited an increasing trend from northwest to southeast. Except in the southeastern area of the NTP,T d values in other areas were all larger than 0℃ in the winter.

关键词： air temperature estimation MODIS land surface temperature geographical weighted regression Northern Tibetan Plateau

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Cooling effect of ballast revetment on the roadbed of Qinghai-Tibetan Railway

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Science China Earth Sciences 2004年第Z1期47卷 161-167页

作者： hu zeyong CHENG Guodong QIAN Zeyu WANG Jiemin WEI Guoan HOU Xuhong GU Lianglei YAN Yuping Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

The data obtained through the roadbed surface thermal regime experiment (ROBSTREX), which was carried out at Beiluhe test section of Qinghai-Tibetan Railway from October to December in 2002, were used to estimate the cooling effect of ballast revetment on the roadbed. The results show that both riprap rock ballast revetment and crushed stone ballast revetment can reduce the temperature of the roadbed. But the cooling effect of riprap rock ballast revetment is better than that of crushed stone ballast revetment when the temperature of roadbed is higher. The cooling effect of crushed stone ballast revetment is better than that of riprap rock ballast revetment when the temperature of the roadbed is lower, especially at deeper roadbed layers. In the frozen season, the heat release from the roadbed also shows that the cooling effect of ballast revetment on the roadbed is obvious, and the cooling effect of crushed stone-ballast revetment on the roadbed is much evident than that of riprap rock ballast revetment.

关键词： Qinghai-Tibetan Railway ballast revetment cooling effect.

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East-west oscillation of sea temperature in the Equatorial Pacific and its modelling

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1993年第2期12卷 207-218页

作者： hu zeyong and Tang Maocang Lanzhou Institute of Plateau Atmospheric physics, Academia Sinica, Lanzhou 730000, China

In this paper, by analyzing the data of sea temperature in the Equatorial Western Pacific (EWP), we found that the sea temperature at sensitive district (WSST) (about at 6° N, depth of 125-150 m) is correlated negatively to the sea temperature in the Equatorial Eastern Pacific (EEP). On the basis of basic characteristics of Equatorial Pacific atmosphere and ocean, we designed a simple air-sea coupled model. Using this model,an ocean circulation was simulated. The east-west oscillation of sea temperature in Equatorial Pacific is related to this ocean circulation.

关键词： East-west oscillation of sea temperature in the Equatorial Pacific and its modelling Nino

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Strengthening the three-dimensional comprehensive observation system of multi-layer interaction on the Tibetan Plateau to cope with the warming and wetting trend

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2022年第4期15卷 67-71页

作者： Yaoming Ma Binbin Wang Xuelong Chen Lei Zhong zeyong hu Weiqiang Ma Cunbo Han Maoshan Li Land–Atmosphere Interaction and its Climatic Effects Group State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth SystemResources and Environment(TPESRE)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina College of Atmospheric Science Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina National Observation and Research Station for Qomolongma Special Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Changes DingriChina Kathmandu Center of Research and Education Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina China–Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesIslamabadPakistan School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology USTCHefeiChina Frontiers Science Center for Planetary Exploration and Emerging Technologies University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change NanjingChina Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina School of Atmospheric Science Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengduChina

Changes in the water cycle on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)have a significant impact on local agricultural production and livelihoods and its downstream *** the background of widely reported warming and wetting,the hydrological cycle has accelerated and the likelihood of extreme weather events and natural disasters occurring(i.e.,snowstorms,floods,landslides,mudslides,and ice avalanches)has also intensified,especially in the highelevation mountainous ***,an accurate estimation of the intensity and variation of each component of the water cycle is an urgent scientific question for the assessment of plateau environmental *** the transformation and movement of water between the atmosphere,biosphere and hydrosphere,the authors highlight the urgent need to strengthen the three-dimensional comprehensive observation system(including the eddy covariance system;planetary boundary layer tower;profile measurements of temperature,humidity,and wind by microwave radiometers,wind profiler,and radiosonde system;and cloud and precipitation radars)in the TP region and propose a practical implementation *** construction of such a three-dimensional observation system is expected to promote the study of environmental changes and natural hazards prevention.

关键词： Plateau warming and wetting Hydrological cycle Three-dimensional comprehensive observation system of multi-layer interaction Mountain-disaster response Tibetan Plateau

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