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Efficient micrometer-scale thick-film perovskite solar cells with superior stability

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Rare Metals 2024年第4期43卷 1647-1657页

作者： Jian-Fei hu gang Chen Shun-Zhang Yu Yue-Xin Lin kai-Yu Wang Zong-Wei Li Guo-Dong Zhang Teng-Fei Pan Ya-Jing Li ming-Jie Li Ying-Dong Xia Yi-Fan Lv Yong-hua Chen Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics(KLoFE)and Institute of Advanced Materials(IAM) School of Flexible Electronics(Future Technologies)Nanjing Tech University(NanjingTech)Nanjing211816China Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong999077China Shenzhen Research Institute The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityShenzhen518057China Optics Valley Laboratory Hubei430074China

It is essential to enhance the thickness of the absorber layer for perovskite solar cells(PSCs)to improve device performance and reduce industry ***,thick perovskite films(>1μm)are difficult to be fabricated by employing traditional solvents,such as N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF),dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO).Besides,it is a challenge to fabricate thick-film perovskite owing to the deteriorated surface morphology and serious defect ***,a simple method was reported to deposit uniform pinhole-free perovskite films with a thickness of more than 2μm utilizing the methylamine acetate(MAAc)ionic liquid as the *** with methylammonium chloride(MACl)as an additive,thick-film perovskite with~2μm in grain size and few grain boundaries(GBs)was prepared,which dramatically improved the perovskite crystal quality and enhanced carrier transport *** final PSCs exhibited a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 20.16%.The device showed improved stability with 95%of its initial efficiency in a nitrogen environment over 5000 *** work provides an alternative strategy to produce extremely efficient and stable thick-film *** can be believed that this device has great potential in the application of large areas and laminated PSCs.

关键词： Perovskite solar cells Thick-film Stability Ionic liquid

Evolution of helium bubbles in FeCoNiCr-based high-entropy alloys containing γ′ nanoprecipitates

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第7期33卷 491-500页

作者：冯婷蒋胜明胡潇天张子骏黄子敬董士刚张建 College of Energy Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China16

A series of high-entropy alloys(HEAs) containing nanoprecipitates of varying sizes is successfully prepared by a non-consuming vacuum arc melting *** order to study the irradiation evolution of helium bubbles in the FeCoNiCrbased HE As with γ' precipitates,these samples are irradiated by 100-keV helium ions with a fluence of 5 × 10^(20) ions/m^(2) at 293 K and 673 K,*** the samples irradiated at room temperature are annealed at different temperatures to examine the diffusion behavior of helium *** electron microscope(TEM) is employed to characterize the structural morphology of precipitated nanoparticles and the evolution of helium *** results reveal that nanosized,spherical,dispersed,coherent,and ordered L1_(2)-type Ni_(3)Ti γ' precipitations are introduced into FeCoNiCr(Ni_(3)Ti)_(0.1) HEAs by means of ageing treatments at temperatures between 1073 K and 1123 *** the ageing treatment conditions adopted in this work,γ' nanoparticles are precipitated in FeCoNiCr(Ni_(3)Ti)_(0.1) HE As,with average diameters of 15.80 nm,37.09 nm,and 62.50 nm,*** average sizes of helium bubbles observed in samples after 673-K irradiation are 1.46 nm,1.65 nm,and 1.58 nm,*** improvement in the irradiation resistance of FeCoNiCr(Ni_(3)Ti)_(0.1) HEAs is evidenced by the diminution in bubbles ***,the FeCoNiCr(Ni_(3)Ti)_(0.1) HEAs containing γ' precipitates of 15.8 nm exhibits the minimum size and density of helium bubbles,which can be ascribed to the considerable helium trapping effects of heterogeneous coherent phase ***,annealing experiments conducted after 293-K irradiation indicate that HEAs containing precipitated phases exhibits smaller apparent activation energy(E_(a)) for helium bubbles,resulting in larger helium bubble *** study provides guidance for improving the irradiation resistance of L1_(2)-strengthened high-entropy alloy.

关键词： high-entropy alloys irradiation resistance coherent precipitates helium bubbles

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拉曼光谱联合WOA特征筛选的矿井水源识别方法研究

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光谱学与光谱分析 2024年第4期44卷 1039-1044页

作者：周茗皓陈小刚崔继峰卞凯胡锋内蒙古工业大学理学院内蒙古呼和浩特010051 安徽理工大学电气与信息工程学院安徽淮南232001

在矿井突水灾害防治过程中,准确、快速判别突水水源类型对煤矿安全生产意义非常重大,而传统的水化学方法存在耗时长、检测复杂等不足,为此提出采用拉曼光谱进行矿井突水水源辨识这一新思路。首先从淮南矿区采集老空水、顶板砂岩裂隙水... 详细信息

在矿井突水灾害防治过程中,准确、快速判别突水水源类型对煤矿安全生产意义非常重大,而传统的水化学方法存在耗时长、检测复杂等不足,为此提出采用拉曼光谱进行矿井突水水源辨识这一新思路。首先从淮南矿区采集老空水、顶板砂岩裂隙水、奥灰水、太灰水和地表水以及它们混合的水样作为实验对象,并借助拉曼光谱系统收集水样的拉曼光谱数据。随后,采用常见的光谱预处理方法对原始拉曼光谱进行降噪。接着,采用鲸鱼优化算法(WOA)对水样的拉曼光谱进行特征信息筛选,得到最能够表征矿井水样的特征拉曼信息。最后,将筛选出的特征拉曼信息作为输入,分别构建BP神经网络(BPNN)、K-近邻算法(KNN)、支持向量机(SVM)、决策树(DT)以及朴素贝叶斯(NB)分类模型,以此来验证拉曼光谱结合WOA筛选特征拉曼信息用于矿井水源识别的可行性。实验证明:利用WOA可以从2048个拉曼数据点中筛选得到102个特征拉曼信息,将拉曼信息的点数缩减为原来的4.98%,而且WOA筛选的特征拉曼信息的建模精度高于全拉曼数据建模精度,此外,采用WOA筛选的特征拉曼信息构建BPNN、KNN、SVM、DT和NB水源辨识模型时,其分析速度都有着不同程度的提升。研究结果表明,采用WOA筛选矿井水源拉曼光谱的特征信息,可以有效地减少拉曼光谱数据的冗余,提升拉曼光谱分析的速度,这可以为矿井水源的快速检测提供借鉴。

关键词：拉曼光谱矿井突水水源识别鲸鱼优化算法特征筛选

NνDEx-100 conceptual design report

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第1期35卷 18-33页

作者： Xi-Guang Cao Yan-Long Chang kai Chen Emilio Ciuffoli Li-Min Duan Dong-Liang Fang Chao-Song Gao Surja K.Ghorui Peng-Chong hu Qiang hu Si-Yuan huang Ze-Yu huang Lei Lang Yu-Lan Li Zhi-Jie Li Tian-Yu Liang Jun Liu Chen-Gui Lu Fa-Tai Mai Yuan Mei Hao Qiu Xiang-ming Sun Xiao-Xing Tang hu-Lin Wang Qian-ming Wang Le Xiao Mu-Yun Xiao Jian-Yu Xin Nu Xu Peng Yang Yi-Chen Yang Zhen Yang Zong-Yang Yu Dong-Liang Zhang Jun-Wei Zhang Cheng-Xin Zhao Dou Zhu NνDEx-100 collaboration Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201210China Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000China Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079China Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA 94720USA North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power Zhengzhou 450045China 不详

Observing nuclear neutrinoless double beta (0vββ) decay would be a revolutionary result in particle *** such a decay would prove that the neutrinos are their own antiparticles,help to study the absolute mass of neutrinos,explore the origin of their mass,and may explain the matter-antimatter asymmetry in our universe by lepton number *** propose developing a time projection chamber (TPC) using high-pressure ^(82)SeF_(6) gas and Topmetal silicon sensors for readout in the China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL) to search for neutrinoless double beta decay of82Se,called the NvDEx *** being located at CJPL with the world’s thickest rock shielding,NvDEx combines the advantages of the high Qββ(2.996 MeV) of82Se and the TPC’s ability to distinguish signal and background events using their different topological *** makes NvDEx unique,with great potential for low-background and high-sensitivity 0 vββ***-100,a NvDEx experiment phase with 100 kg of SeF_(6)gas,is being built,with plans to complete installation at CJPL by *** report introduces 0 vββ physics,the NvDEx concept and its advantages,and the schematic design of NvDEx-100,its subsystems,and background and sensitivity estimation.

关键词： Neutrinoless double beta decay Time projection chamber ^(82)SeF_(6) China Jinping Underground Laboratory

Roadmap for rechargeable batteries:present and beyond

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第1期67卷 13-42页

作者： Sen Xin Xu Zhang Lin Wang Haijun Yu Xin Chang Yu-ming Zhao Qinghai Meng Pan Xu Chen-Zi Zhao Jiahang Chen huichao Lu Xirui Kong Jiulin Wang kai Chen gang huang Xinbo Zhang Yu Su Yao Xiao Shu-Lei Chou Shilin Zhang Zaiping Guo Aobing Du Guanglei Cui Gaojing Yang Qing Zhao Liubing Dong Dong Zhou Feiyu Kang hu Hong Chunyi Zhi Zhizhang Yuan Xianfeng Li Yifei Mo Yizhou Zhu Dongfang Yu Xincheng Lei Jianxiong Zhao Jiayi Wang Dong Su Yu-Guo Guo Qiang Zhang Jun Chen Li-Jun Wan CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesBeijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences(BNLMS)Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences.Beijing 100049 China Institute of Advanced Battery Materials and Devices Faculty of Materials and ManufacturingBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials Ministry of EducationBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology Department of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources College of ChemistryXinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830046China Department of Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChangchun 130022China Institute for Carbon Neutralization College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou UniversityWenzhou 325035China School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials The University of AdelaideAdelaide 5000Australia Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266101China Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry(Ministry of Education)College of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China College of Chemistry and Materials Science Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 511443China Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Division of Energy Storage Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy(DNL)Dalian Institute of Chem

Rechargeable batteries currently hold the largest share of the electrochemical energy storage market,and they play a major role in the sustainable energy transition and industrial decarbonization to respond to global climate *** to the increased popularity of consumer electronics and electric vehicles,lithium-ion batteries have quickly become the most successful rechargeable batteries in the past three decades,yet growing demands in diversified application scenarios call for new types of rechargeable *** efforts are made to developing the next-generation post-Li-ion rechargeable batteries,which include,but are not limited to solid-state batteries,lithium–sulfur batteries,sodium-/potassium-ion batteries,organic batteries,magnesium-/zinc-ion batteries,aqueous batteries and flow *** the great achievements,challenges persist in precise understandings about the electrochemical reaction and charge transfer process,and optimal design of key materials and interfaces in a *** roadmap tends to provide an overview about the current research progress,key challenges and future prospects of various types of rechargeable *** computational methods for materials development,and characterization techniques will also be discussed as they play an important role in battery research.

关键词： energy storage rechargeable batteries battery materials electrochemistry

超高速激光金属沉积增材制造K648高温合金的显微组织与性能

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2024年第7期34卷 2192-2203页

作者：王开明刘炜都东常保华刘冠胡永乐仝永刚张明军张健鞠江长沙理工大学汽车与机械工程学院长沙410114 清华大学机械工程系高端装备界面科学与技术全国重点实验室北京100084 中南大学机电工程学院长沙410083 香港城市大学材料科学与工程系中国香港999077

采用一种新型的超高速激光金属沉积工艺以提高高铬高温合金的制造效率。分别使用透射电子显微镜、拉伸试验机、磨损试验机和电化学工作站对超高速激光金属沉积高铬K648高温合金的析出相生长行为、高温力学性能、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性进行研... 详细信息

采用一种新型的超高速激光金属沉积工艺以提高高铬高温合金的制造效率。分别使用透射电子显微镜、拉伸试验机、磨损试验机和电化学工作站对超高速激光金属沉积高铬K648高温合金的析出相生长行为、高温力学性能、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性进行研究,并与传统激光金属沉积工艺进行比较。结果表明,超高速激光金属沉积K648合金的析出相尺寸明显小于传统激光金属沉积工艺制备的K648合金,700℃下的高温强度更高,且具有良好的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性。总之,超高速激光金属沉积制造的K648高铬高温合金具有良好的综合性能。

关键词：增材制造超高速激光金属沉积 K648高温合金显微组织演变性能

The Oscillation between Tropical Indian Ocean and North Pacific:Evidence and Possible Impact on Winter Climate in China

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2011年第1期4卷 57-63页

作者： hu kai-ming huang gang Center for Monsoon System Research Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

This paper provides evidence that the variation of boreal winter sea level pressure (SLP) over the North Pacific is out-of-phase with SLP fluctuation over the tropical Indian Ocean on both the interdecadal and interannual time ***,a SLP between tropical Indian Ocean and North Pacific (TIO-NP) oscillation index is defined to indicate the variation of such out-of-phase ***,the simultaneous surface air temperature and precipitation anomalies in China are closely related to TIO-NP ***-normal surface air temperature anomalies in the northern and the eastern part of China,and less rainfall in southern China,correspond to positive TIO-NP oscillation phase with negative SLP anomalies in tropical Indian Ocean and positive anomalies in North *** TIO-NP oscillation affects China's winter climate anomalies,possibly through modulating the northeast East Asia winter monsoon.

关键词： North Pacific tropical Indian Ocean oscilla- tion China's climate

Grain-size effect on dislocation source-limited hardening and ductilization in bulk pure Ni

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第23期154卷 9-21页

作者： kai hu Jun Yi Bo huang gang Wang Institute of Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China

Dislocation source-limited hardening and ductilization is an effective strategy to obtain superior strength-ductility synergy in some engineering structural metals. Recent works demonstrated that the synergy could be enhanced by grain-size reduction. However, the mechanism of grain-size dependence is still a mystery. In this work, bulk pure Ni produced by electrodeposition and subsequent annealing, with grain sizes ranging from ∼20 nm to ∼20 µm, were methodically investigated to unravel the mechanism of the grain-size effect on dislocation source-limited hardening and ductilization. The high-density nano-twinning in the as-electrodeposited nanograined specimens exhibited better thermodynamic stability than the peers with random high-angle grain boundaries, leading to fine recrystallized grains with low-density dislocations. The low dislocation density enabled extra hardening beyond grain boundary strengthening via yield-point behavior with grain sizes ranging from ∼110 nm to ∼10 µm and extra ductilization over ∼500 nm. This work demonstrated that the prerequisite for dislocation source-limited hardening was that the dislocation density of the specimen should be lower than the size-dependent critical value of ((1.1 × 107 /d ) m^(–2), d is the grain size in unit of the meter) where a transition from forest-dominated hardening to dislocation source-limited hardening could occur. On the other hand, dislocation source-limited ductilization only worked when the grain size was comparable to/larger than the theoretical dislocation mean slip distance. Dislocation source-limited ductilization resulted from more room in grains for accumulation of dislocations and deformation nano-stacking faults enabling the higher work hardening rate. This work offered an altogether new avenue to obtain stronger and more ductile metallic materials through utilizing grain-size dependent dislocation source-limited hardening and ductilization.

关键词： Dislocation source-limited hardening Dislocation source-limited ductilization Grain size Yield point Hall-Petch slope

Surface Temperature Changes Projected by FGOALS Models under Low Warming Scenarios in CMIP5 and CMIP6

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第2期38卷 203-220页

作者： Shang-Min LONG kai-ming hu Gen LI gang huang Xia QU Key Laboratory of Marine Hazards Forecasting Ministry of Natural ResourcesHohai UniversityNanjing 210098China College of Oceanography Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China State key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics and Center for Monsoon System Research Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

To meet the low warming targets proposed in the 2015 Paris Agreement,substantial reduction in carbon emissions is needed in the *** is important to know how surface climates respond under low warming *** present study investigates the surface temperature changes under the low-forcing scenario of Representative Concentration Pathways(RCP2.6)and its updated version(Shared Socioeconomic Pathways,SSP1-2.6)by the Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System(FGOALS)models participating in phases 5 and 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP5 and CMIP6,respectively).In both scenarios,radiative forcing(RF)first increases to a peak of 3 W m^−2 around 2045 and then decreases to 2.6 W m^−2 by *** mean surface air temperature rises in all FGOALS models when RF increases(RF increasing stage)and declines or holds nearly constant when RF decreases(RF decreasing stage).The surface temperature change is distinct in its sign and magnitude between the RF increasing and decreasing stages over the land,Arctic,North Atlantic subpolar region,and Southern ***,the regional surface temperature change pattern displays pronounced model-to-model spread during both the RF increasing and decreasing stages,mainly due to large intermodel differences in climatological surface temperature,ice-albedo feedback,natural variability,and Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation *** pattern of tropical precipitation change is generally anchored by the spatial variations of relative surface temperature change(deviations from the tropical mean value)in the FGOALS ***,the projected changes in the updated FGOALS models are closer to the multi-model ensemble mean results than their predecessors,suggesting that there are noticeable improvements in the future projections of FGOALS models from CMIP5 to CMIP6.

关键词： surface temperature low warming targets Arctic amplification AMOC Southern Ocean