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Buried interface management via bifunctional NH_(4)BF_(4)towards efficient CsPbI_(2)Br solar cells with a V_(oc)over 1.4 V

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第2期89卷 364-370,I0009页

作者： Fazheng Qiu ming-hua Li jinpeng Wu jin-Song hu School of Materials Science and Engineering NingboTech UniversityNingbo 315100ZhejiangChina Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences(BNLMS) Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China College of Chemical Engineering Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

CsPbI_(2)Br perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have drawn tremendous attention due to their suitable bandgap,excellent photothermal stability,and great potential as an ideal candidate for top cells in tandem solar cells.However,the abundant defects at the buried interface and perovskite layer induce severe charge recombination,resulting in the open-circuit voltage(V_(oc))output and stability much lower than anticipated.Herein,a novel buried interface management strategy is developed to regulate interfacial carrier dynamics and CsPbI_(2)Br defects by introducing ammonium tetrafluoroborate(NH_(4)BF_(4)),thereby resulting in both high CsPbI_(2)Br crystallization and minimized interfacial energy losses.Specifically,NH_(4)^(+)ions could preferentially heal hydroxyl groups on the SnO_(2)surface and balance energy level alignment between SnO_(2)and CsPbI_(2)Br,enhancing charge transport efficiency,while BF_(4)^(-)anions as a quasi-halogen regulate crystal growth of CsPbI_(2)Br,thus reducing perovskite defects.Additionally,it is proved that eliminating hydroxyl groups at the buried interface enhances the iodide migration activation energy of CsPbI_(2)Br for strengthening the phase stability.As a result,the optimized CsPbI_(2)Br PSCs realize a remarkable efficiency of 17.09%and an ultrahigh V_(oc)output of 1.43 V,which is one of the highest values for CsPbI_(2)Br PSCs.

关键词： Inorganic perovskite Buried interface Defect Stability Open-circuit voltage loss

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Disease Burden and Costs Associated with Multiple Sclerosis in China:A Cross-sectional Analysis of Nationwide Survey Data

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第4期40卷 533-538页

作者： Yusheng Jia Xuanqi Qiao jin Zhao Hainan Li Shanlian hu Min hu Department of Health Economics School of Public HealthFudan UniversityShanghai200032China National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment Fudan UniversityShanghai200032China

DearEditors,Multiple sclerosis(MS)is a chronic,autoimmune neurological disorder characterized by inflammatory demyelination of the central nervous system;it is associated with reduced mobility,cognitive impairment,and numerous comorbidities[1].Global MS incidence(2.1 per 100,000 person-years)and prevalence(30.1 per 100,000)have increased in recent years,and its prevalence is notably higher in Western countries,ranging from~30 to 200 cases per 100,000[2].In China,recent epidemiological research has shown that the crude prevalence was 2.44 per 100,000 in 2016[3],and the age-and sex-adjusted incidence was 0.235 per 100,000 person-years[4].Despite the relatively low prevalence compared with the global average,China has extensively addressed the well-being of over 30,000 MS patients,enrolling MS in China's First National List of Rare Diseases in 2018.

关键词： prevalence impairment autoimmune

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Nanoindentation behavior and creep-induced cracking of long-term crept austenitic steel at 650℃

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2024年第2期31卷 464-474页

作者： Zhen Zhang Yu-hang Duan Shuai Wang jin-shan Chen An-zhe Wang Xiang-yang Mao Yuan-ji Shi Jie Zhang ming Liu Zheng-fei hu School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Institute of TechnologyNanjing211167JiangsuChina Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Application Technology Nanjing211167JiangsuChina Jiangsu Wind Power Engineering Technology Center Nanjing210023JiangsuChina Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology Nanjing210023JiangsuChina Baoshan Iron&Steel Co. Ltd.Shanghai201900China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Terahertz Functional Devices and Intelligent Sensing School of Mechanical Engineering and AutomationFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350116FujianChina School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai201804China

The grain boundary(GB)damage of long-term crept HR3C(25Cr–20Ni–Nb–N)austenitic steel with solid solution state was investigated by nanoindentation test accompanied with in-situ electron back-scattered diffraction.The corresponding microstructure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.Results show that the increase in nanoindentation hardness at the GBs and triple grain junctions may be related to the dislocation accumulation and carbide growth during the creep.Coarsened M23C6 and dislocations piling-up at the GB accelerate the nucleation and coalescence of creep cavity along the GB.The nanoindentation hardness in grains varies with orientation of the stress axis.The orientation difference of neighbor grains may induce local high geometrically necessary dislocation densities and strain gradients near the GB,consequently causing stress concentration and subsequent crack growth at specific GBs.

关键词： Austenitic steel Creep Nanoindentation Grain orientation Creep-induced cracking

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Assessment of International GNSS Service Global Ionosphere Map products over China region based on measurements from the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第2期8卷 400-407页

作者： jin hu HaiBing Ruan FuQing huang ShengYang Gu XianKang Dou Institute of Space Weather Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China State Key Laboratory of Space Weather Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100190China School of Electronic Information Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Wuxi Research Institute Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyWuxi Jiangsu 214000China CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment School of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

The global ionosphere maps(GIM)provided by the International GNSS Service(IGS)are extensively utilized for ionospheric morphology monitoring,scientific research,and practical application.Assessing the credibility of GIM products in data-sparse regions is of paramount importance.In this study,measurements from the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China(CMONOC)are leveraged to evaluate the suitability of IGS-GIM products over China region in 2013-2014.The indices of mean error(ME),root mean square error(RMSE),and normalized RMSE(NRMSE)are then utilized to quantify the accuracy of IGS-GIM products.Results revealed distinct local time and latitudinal dependencies in IGS-GIM errors,with substantially high errors at nighttime(NRMSE:39%)and above 40°latitude(NRMSE:49%).Seasonal differences also emerged,with larger equinoctial deviations(NRMSE:33.5%)compared with summer(20%).A preliminary analysis implied that the irregular assimilation of sparse IGS observations,compounded by China’s distinct geomagnetic topology,may manifest as error variations.These results suggest that modeling based solely on IGS-GIM observations engenders inadequate representations across China and that a thorough examination would proffer the necessary foundation for advancing regional total electron content(TEC)constructions.

关键词： International GNSS Service(IGS)Global Ionosphere Maps(GIM) Crustal Movement Observation Network of China(CMONOC) total electron content(TEC) data assessment

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Superior compound coatings prepared by low-temperature vanadium-nitrocarburizing duplex treatment

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Rare Metals 2024年第4期43卷 1828-1835页

作者： Gen jin Fang-Fang Xu Xun-Xun hu Yue Xu School of Chemistry Beihang University Guobiao (Beijing) Testing and Certification Co. Ltd School of Materials Science and Engineering Beihang University

Superior compound coatings were prepared on CK45 steel surface by vanadium-nitrocarburizing duplex treatment in low-temperature salt bath.In this study,the microhardness,the phase constitution and the compositional distribution in the coatings prepared under different conditions were systematically characterized.The results indicated that the reactions among activated vanadium,carbon and nitrogen atoms occurred on the steel surface,leading to the formation of compound coatings composed of outermost and compound layers.The mechanism for the formation of compound layer as well as the growth kinetics of the layer was also discussed.Upon the duplex treatment,the wear and corrosion resistances of steel surface were significantly improved.It was found that the growth kinetics of compound layer obeyed the parabolic law,with the activation energy of 122.82 kJ·mol-1.

关键词： Vanadium-nitrocarburizing duplex treatment Compound coatings Microstructure Formation mechanism Growth kinetics

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Effect of Ni content on the wear behavior of Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Ni/SiC particles composites

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第2期31卷 374-383页

作者： Yanyu Liu Lina Jia Wenbo Wang Zuheng jin hu Zhang School of Materials Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Ningbo Institute of Technology Beihang UniversityNingbo 315100China Qingdao Research Institute of Beihang University Qingdao 266000China Research Institute for Frontier Science Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

In recent years,the addition of Ni has been widely acknowledged to be capable of enhancing the mechanical properties of Al-Si alloys.However,the effect of Ni on the wear behaviors of Al-Si alloys and Al matrix composites,particularly at elevated temperat-ures,remains an understudied area.In this study,Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Ni/20wt%SiC particles(SiCp)composites with varying Ni contents were prepared by using a semisolid stir casting method.The effect of Ni content on the dry sliding wear behavior of the prepared compos-ites was investigated through sliding tests at 25 and 350℃.Results indicated that theθ-Al_(2)Cu phase gradually diminished and eventually disappeared as the Ni content increased from 0wt%to 3wt%.This change was accompanied by the formation and increase inδ-Al_(3)CuNi andε-Al_(3)Ni phases in microstructures.The hardness and ultimate tensile strength of the as-cast composites improved,and the wear rates of the composites decreased from 5.29×10^(−4)to 1.94×10^(−4)mm^(3)/(N∙m)at 25℃and from 20.2×10^(−4)to 7×10^(−4)mm^(3)/(N∙m)at 350℃with the increase in Ni content from 0wt%to 2wt%.The enhancement in performance was due to the presence of strengthening network structures and additional Ni-containing phases in the composites.However,the wear rate of the 3Ni composite was approximately two times higher than that of the 2Ni composite due to the fracture and debonding of theε-Al_(3)Ni phase.Abrasive wear,delamination wear,and oxidation wear were the predominant wear mechanisms of the investigated composites at 25℃,whereas delamination wear and oxid-ation wear were dominant during sliding at 350℃.

关键词： Al matrix composite microstructure sliding test high temperature wear mechanism

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Precisely Control Relationship between Sulfur Vacancy and H Absorption for Boosting Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第4期16卷 14-24页

作者： jing jin Xinyao Wang Yang hu Zhuang Zhang Hongbo Liu Jie Yin Pinxian Xi College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Rare IsotopesState Key Laboratory of Applied Organic ChemistryLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000People’s Republic of China

Ef fective and robust catalyst is the core of water splitting to produce hydrogen.Here, we report an anionic etching method to tailor the sulfur vacancy(VS) of NiS_(2) to further enhance the electrocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER). With the VS concentration change from 2.4% to 8.5%, the H* adsorption strength on S sites changed and NiS_(2)-VS 5.9% shows the most optimized H* adsorption for HER with an ultralow onset potential(68 m V) and has long-term stability for 100 h in 1 M KOH media. In situ attenuated-total-reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(ATR-FTIRS) measurements are usually used to monitor the adsorption of intermediates. The S-H* peak of the Ni S_(2)-VS 5.9% appears at a very low voltage, which is favorable for the HER in alkaline media. Density functional theory calculations also demonstrate the Ni S_(2)-VS 5.9% has the optimal |ΔG^(H*)| of 0.17 e V. This work offers a simple and promising pathway to enhance catalytic activity via precise vacancies strategy.

关键词： Hydrogen evolution reaction S vacancies Nanosheet H Adsorption

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Decoding the Cellular Trafficking of Prion-like Proteins in Neurodegenerative Diseases

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第2期40卷 241-254页

作者： Chenjun hu Yiqun Yan Yanhong jin Jun Yang Yongmei Xi Zhen Zhong Department of Neurology of the Second Afliated Hospital and Department of human Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310058China Department of Physiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Afliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310058China Division of human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics Women’s Hospital and Institute of GeneticsZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310006China

The accumulation and spread of prion-like proteins is a key feature of neurodegenerative diseases(NDs)such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson's disease,or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.In a process known as‘seeding’,prion-like proteins such as amyloid beta,microtubule-associated protein tau,α-synuclein,silence superoxide dismutase 1,or transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 kDa,propagate their misfolded conformations by transforming their respective soluble monomers into fibrils.Cellular and molecular evidence of prion-like propagation in NDs,the clinical relevance of their‘seeding’capacities,and their levels of contribution towards disease progression have been intensively studied over recent years.This review unpacks the cyclic prion-like propagation in cells including factors of aggregate internalization,endo-lysosomal leaking,aggregate degradation,and secretion.Debates on the importance of the role of prion-like protein aggregates in NDs,whether causal or consequent,are also discussed.Applications lead to a greater understanding of ND pathogenesis and increased potential for therapeutic strategies.

关键词： Neurodegenerative diseases Prion-like propagation Seeding Endocytosis Endolyosomal leaking Degradation

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Chemico-biological conversion of carbon dioxide

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第2期89卷 371-387,I0009页

作者： Liangwei hu Junzhu Yang Qi Xia jin Zhang Hongxin Zhao Yuan Lu Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation College of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou 310018ZhejiangChina Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis Ministry of EducationTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China College of Biological and Chemical Engineering Jiaxing UniversityJiaxing 314000ZhejiangChina

The unabated carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emission into the atmosphere has exacerbated global climate change,resulting in extreme weather events,biodiversity loss,and an intensified greenhouse effect.To address these challenges and work toward carbon(C)neutrality and reduced CO_(2)emissions,the capture and utilization of CO_(2)have become imperative in both scientific research and industry.One cutting-edge approach to achieving efficient catalytic performance involves integrating green bioconversion and chemical conversion.This innovative strategy offers several advantages,including environmental friendliness,high efficiency,and multi-selectivity.This study provides a comprehensive review of existing technical routes for carbon sequestration(CS)and introduces two novel CS pathways:the electrochemicalbiological hybrid and artificial photosynthesis systems.It also thoroughly examines the synthesis of valuable Cnproducts from the two CS systems employing different catalysts and biocatalysts.As both systems heavily rely on electron transfer,direct and mediated electron transfer has been discussed and summarized in detail.Additionally,this study explores the conditions suitable for different catalysts and assesses the strengths and weaknesses of biocatalysts.We also explored the biocompatibility of the electrode materials and developed novel materials.These materials were specifically engineered to combine with enzymes or microbial cells to solve the biocompatibility problem,while improving the electron transfer efficiency of both.Furthermore,this review summarizes the relevant systems developed in recent years for manufacturing different products,along with their respective production efficiencies,providing a solid database for development in this direction.The novel chemical-biological combination proposed herein holds great promise for the future conversion of CO_(2)into advanced organic compounds.Additionally,it offers exciting prospects for utilizing CO_(2)in synthesizing a wide range of industrial products.Ultimately,t

关键词： Carbon dioxide Bioelectric synthesis Artificial photosynthesis Synthetic product

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Hot Deformation Behavior and Microstructures Evolution of GNP-Reinforced Fine-Grained Mg Composites

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2024年第3期37卷 407-424页

作者： Hengrui hu Jiayu Qin Yunpeng Zhu jinhui Wang Xiaoqiang Li Peipeng jin Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of New Light Alloys Qinghai UniversityXining 810016China Qinghai Provincial Engineering Research Center of High Performance Light Metal Alloys and Forming Qinghai UniversityXining 810016China Department of Mechanical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Material Science and Engineering Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou 730050China

Graphene nanoplates(GNPs)-reinforced magnesium matrix composites have been attracted great attention.However,knowledge is lack for the hot deformation behavior of GNP-reinforced magnesium(GNPs/Mg)composite.In this study,the fine-grained GNPs/Mg composite was fabricated by powder metallurgy process followed by extrusion.The hot deformation behavior,microstructure evolution and dynamic recrystallization(DRX)mechanism of fine-grained GNPs/Mg composite were investigated by hot compression test and electron back-scatter diffraction(EBSD).The hot compression tests of the composite were conducted at temperatures between 423 and 573 K with the strain rates from 0.001 to 1 s^(-1).The strain compensated power law equation was established to describe the hot deformation behavior of the composites.The stress exponent and activation energy of the composite are 7.76 and 83.23 kJ/mol,respectively,suggesting that the deformation mechanism is grain boundary slip controlled dislocation climb creep.The abnormally high stress exponent and activation energy are unattainable in the composite due to the fine grain size of the composites and the absence of Zener pinning and Orowan effects of GNPs reinforcement.The grain size increases with the decrease in Zener-Hollomn(Z)parameter,which can be well fitted by power-law relationship.With the increase in grain size and decrease in Z parameter,the geometrically necessary dislocation density decreases,which shows the approximately power-law relationship.A random and weak texture was formed after hot compression.The discontinuous dynamic recrystallization and continuous dynamic recrystallization mechanism dominated the DRX behavior at 473 K/0.001 s^(-1) and 573 K/0.001 s^(-1),respectively.

关键词： GNPs Mg composite Hot deformation behavior Constitutive equations Microstructure evolution Dynamic recrystallization

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