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Observations and modeling of the ice-ocean conditions in the coastal Chukchi and Beaufort Seas

Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2008年第3期27卷 79-87页

作者： JIN Meibing WANG Jia MIZOBATA Kohei hu haoguo SHIMADA Koji International Arctic Research Center University of Alaska Fairbanks AK 99775-7340 USA NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory Ann Arbor MI 48105 USA Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology 4-5-7 Kounan Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8477 Japan Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research School of Natural Resources and Environment University of MichiganAnn Arbor MI USA

The Chukchi and Beaufort Seas include several important hydrological features： inflow of the Pacific water, Alaska coast current （ ACC ）, the seasonal to perennial sea ice cover, and landfast ice ＇along the Alaskan coast. The dynamics of this coupled ice-ocean system is important for both regional scale oceanography and large-scale global climate change research. A mumber of moorings were deployed in the area by JAMSTEC since 1992, and the data revealed highly variable characteristics of the hydrological environment. A regional high-resolution coupled ice-ocean model of the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas was established to simulate the ice-ocean environment and unique seasonal landfast ice in the coastal Beaufort Sea. The model results reproduced the Beaufort gyre and the ACC. The depthaveraged annual mean ocean currents along the Beaufort Sea coast and shelf hreak compared well with data from four moored ADCPs, but the simulated velocity had smaller standard deviations, which indicate small-scale eddies were frequent in the region. The model resuits captured the sea,real variations of sea ice area as compared with remote sensing data, and the simulated sea ice velocity showed an ahnost stationary area along the Beaufort Sea coast that was similar to the observed landfast ice extent. It is the combined effects of the weak oceanic current near the coast, a prevailing wind with an onshore component, the opposite direction of the ocean current, and the blocking hy the coastline that make the Beaufort Sea coastal areas prone to the formation of landfast ice.

关键词： circulation sea ice fast ice Beaufort Sea coupled ice-ocean model

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Modeling the ocean circulation in the Bering Sea

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Chinese Journal of Polar Science 2008年第2期19卷 193-211页

作者： hu haoguo Wang Jia Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research （CILER） School of Natural Resources and Environment （SNRE） University of Michigan 4840 S State Road Ann Arbor Michigan 48108 USA NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory （GLERL） 4840 S State Road Ann Arbor Michigan 48108 USA

With parameterized wave mixing, the circulation and the tidal current in the Bering Sea were simulated simultaneously using the three-dimensional Princeton Ocean Model. The simulated circulation pattern in the deep basin is relatively stable, cyclonic, and has little seasonal change. The Bering Slope Current between 200-1000 m isobaths was estimated to be 5 Sv in volume transport. The Kamchatka Current was estimated to be 20 Sv off the Kamchatka Peninsula. The Bering shelf circulations vary with season, driven mainly by wind. These features are consistent with historical esti- mates. A counter current was captured flowing southeastward approximately along the 200 m isobath of the Bering Slope, opposite to the northwestward Bering Slope Current, which needs to be validated by observations. An upwelling current is located in the shelf break （ 120-1000 m） area, which may imply the vertical advection of nutrients for supporting the Bering Sea Green Belt seasonal plankton blooms in the breakslope area. The Bering Slope Current is located in a downwelling area.

关键词： Arctic Ocean the Bering Sea ocean circulation.

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Modeling seasonal variations of ocean and sea ice circulation in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas:A model-data fusion study

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Chinese Journal of Polar Science 2008年第2期19卷 168-184页

作者： Wang Jia Kohei Mizobata hu haoguo Jin Meibing Zhang Sheng Walter John-son Koji Shimada Moto Ikeda NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory ~ GLERL） 4840 S State Road Ann Arbor MI 48108USA Department of Ocean Sciences Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology 4-5-7 Kounan Minato-kuTokyo 108-8477 Japan Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research （ CILER） School of Natural Resources and Environment University of Michigan 4840 S State Road Ann Arbor MI 48108 USA International Arctic Research Center University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK 99775-7340 USA Minerals Management Service Department of Interior 381 Elden Street Herndon VA 20170-4817 USA Graduate School of Earth and Environmental Science Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan

A 3.8-kin Coupled Ice-Ocean Model （C1OM） was implemented to successfully reproduce many observed phenomena in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas, including the Bering-inflow-originated coastal current that splits into three branches： Alaska Coastal Water （ACW） , Central Channel, and Herald Valley branches. Other modeled phenomena include the Beaufort Slope Current （BSC） , the Beaufort Gyre, the East Siberian Current （ ESC）, mesoscale eddies, seasonal landfast ice, sea ice ridging, shear, and deformation. Many of these downscaling processes can only be captured by using a high-resolution CIOM, nested in a global climate model. The seasonal cycles for sea ice concentration, thickness, velocity, and other variables are well reproduced with Solid validation by satellite measurements. The seasonal cycles for upper ocean dynamics and thermodynamics are also well reproduced, which include the formation of the cold saline layer due to the injection of salt during sea ice formation, the BSC, and the subsurface upwelling in winter that brings up warm, even more saline Atlantic Water along the shelfbreak and shelf along the Beaufort coast.

关键词： ocean and sea ice circulation Beaufort and Chukchi Seas model-data fusion.

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