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A New Sapeornithid Bird from China and Its Implication for Early Avian Evolution

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2010年第3期84卷 472-482页

作者： HU Dongyu LI Li hou lianhai XU Xing Shenyang Normal University Shenyang Liaoning 110034 China Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China.

Recent discoveries of basal birds have greatly improved our understanding of early bird evolution, yet the evolution of several important features such as cranial kinesis and arboreality remain debated. A new sapeornithid bird, Shenshiornis primita gen. et sp. nov., based on an articulated skeleton from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning, China, sheds new light on these issues. Shenshiornis possesses a skull as primitive as or even more primitive than that of Archaeopteryx and hind limbs modified for an improved arboreal capability. A cladistic analysis shows that： 1） presence of a diapsid skull is a plesiomorphy of the Aves and a kinetic skull evolved incrementally later in avian evolution; and 2） cursorial capability significantly weakens at the base of the Pygostylia due to a change in locomotor system.

关键词： basal bird Cranial kinetism locomotor systems sapeornithid Shenshiornis primita Early Cretaceous Liaoning

Early diversification of birds: Evidence from a new opposite bird

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第11期46卷 945-950页

作者： ZHANG Fucheng Zhou Zhonghe hou lianhai GU Gang Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China Institute of Archaeology of Liaoning Province Shenyang 120003China

A new enantiornithine bird Longipteryx chao-yangensis gen. et sp. nov. is described from the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation in Chaoyang, western Liaoning Province. This new bird is distinguishable from other known enantiornithines in having uncinate processes in ribs, elongate jaws, relatively long wings and short hindlimbs, and metatarsal Ⅳ longer than metatarsals Ⅱ and Ⅲ. This new bird had probably possessed (i) modern bird-like thorax which provides firm attachment for muscles and indicates powerful and active respiratory ability; (ii) powerful flying ability; (iii) special adaptation for feeding on aquatic preys; and (iv) trochleae of metatarsals Ⅰ-Ⅳ almost on the same level, an adaptation for perching. The new bird represents a new ecological type different from all known members of Enantiornithes. It shows that enantiornithines had probably originated earlier than the Early Cretaceous, or this group had experienced a rapid radiation right after it first occurred in the early Early

关键词： Enantiornithes Early Cretaceous radiation.

A Miocene ostrich fossil from Gansu Province,northwest China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第16期50卷 1808-1810页

作者： hou lianhai Zhou Zhonghe ZHANG Fucheng WANG Zhao Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100730 China

A pelvic skeleton, recognized as a large terrestrial bird in the field, wasrecently collected by our paleomamrnalo-gist colleagues from the Institute of VertebratePaleontology and Paleoanthropology from the late Miocene sandy mudstones in the Linxia Basin inGansu Province, northwest China. We have further referred this bird to as an early representative ofostrich. Ostrich fossils usually coexisted with the famous Hipparion Fauna from the Miocene toPliocene. The Linxia Basin is well known for producing a continuous and complete sequence ofCenozoic sediments ranging from the Oligocene to Holocene, with abundant mammals and a few *** fossil ostrich was believed to be living in an open grassland or wetland.

关键词：中国甘肃动物化石鸵鸟中新世时代

New Eoenantiornithid Bird from the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of Western Liaoning, China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2006年第1期80卷 38-41页

作者： LI Li DUAN Ye HU Dongyu WANG Li CHENG Shaoli hou lianhai Institute of Mesozoic Paleontology of Western Liaoning Shenyang Normal University Shenyang Liaoning 110034 Institute of Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy Sciences Beijing 100044

Enantionithine birds are the most blooming branch of early birds and have distinct diversities. A large number of enantionithine birds have been reported from the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation in western Liaoning, China. Recently, we discovered a new eoenantiornithid bird from the Jiufotang Formation in Dapingfang Town, western Liaoning. A new eoenantiornithid bird, Dapingfangornis sentisorhinus gen. et sp. nov., is erected based on this complete skeleton with a skull. The new bird is distinguished from other known Mesozoic birds in a medium to small size, a distinct thorn-like process on the nasals, a sternum with a long and a short lateral processes. The thorn-like process on the nasal has not been discovered among known fossil birds, thus the discovery also provides new materials on the diversities of early birds.

关键词： Eoenantiornithid Dapingfangornis sentisorhinus Jiufotang Formation Early Cretaceous,western Liaoning

A NEW PALEOCENE BIRD FROM ANHUI, CHINA

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古脊椎动物学报(中英文） 1994年第1期 64-65页

作者： hou lianhai (Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Academia Sinica Beijing 100044)

In 1991, a fossil brid represented by three bones of the same individual was obtained by Prof. Li Chuankui from Qianshan Distrift, Anhui Province. This discovery documents the first record of Rallidae from the Paleoce... 详细信息

关键词： Qianshan, Anhui Paleocene Rallidae

A LATE MESOZOIC BIRD FROM INNER MONGOLIA

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古脊椎动物学报(中英文） 1994年第4期 264-266页

作者： hou lianhai (Institute of Vertcbrate Palaeontology and Palaeoanthropology, Academia Sinica, Beijing 100044)

A new fossil bird (Otogornis genghisi gen. et sp. nov.) is introduced on the basis of the description of the pectoral girdle and wing bones of a skeleton from Lower Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia, China. The specimen was collected by a field team of the Sino-Canadian Dinosaur Expedition. It was preserved in the grey-green mudstones of the Yijinhuoluo Formation in Otogqi. This bird represents the earliest records of avian fossil in China.

关键词： Inner Mongolia Late Mesozoic bird

The First Mesozoic Heterodactyl Bird from China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2006年第5期80卷 631-635页

作者： ZHANG Zihui hou lianhai HASEGAWA Yoshikasu Jingmai O＇CONNOR Larry D. MARTIN Luis M. CHIAPPE College of Life Sciences Capital Normal University Beijing 100037 China Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Science P.O. Box 643 Beijing 100044 China Gunma Museum of Natural History 1674-1 Kamikuroiwa Tomioka Gunma 370-2345 Japan Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 900 Exposition Boulevard Los Angeles CA 90007 USA University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90007 USA Natural History Museum and the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 USA

Dalingheornis liweii gen. et sp. nov., a new enantiornithine bird was collected from the early Cretaceous Yixian Formation in northeastern China. It is the first record of a highly specialized heterodactyl foot in Mesozoic birds. The Y-shaped furcula with short hypocleidum is different from that of other enantiornithines. The minor metacarpal is robust and longer than the major metacarpal. A long bony tail composed of 20 caudal vertebrae with chevrons resembling those of dromaeosaurids and thus, highlighting again the evolutionary relationship between birds and non-avian theropods. Well-preserved alula feathers and a heterodactyl foot provide strong evidence for the arboreal habit of Dalingheornis.

关键词： Early Cretaceous heterodactyl enantiornithine Dalingheornis liweii China

INTRODUCTION TO MESOZOIC BIRDS FROM LIAONING,CHINA

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古脊椎动物学报(中英文） 1995年第4期 266-271页

作者： hou lianhai Zhou Zhonghe(Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044)Gu Yucai(Liaoning Institute of Archaeology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110003)Sun Yutie(Chaoyang Institute of Cultural Relic Manageme

This paper summarizes the recent discoveries of Mesozoic birds from Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous in Liaoning, China. Most of these fossils can be refered to the avian subclass: Sauriurae, only Chaoyangia to Ornithurae. The earliest diversification and big development of birds from Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous as well as the peculiar geological background and depositional environment in Western Liaoning constitute the main reasons for the appearance of abundant Mesozoic bird fossils in this area. In this region, the continental Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary being put between the Confuciusornis bearing Yixian Formation and the Cathayornis and Chaoyangia bearing Jiufotang Formation is proposed.

关键词： Liaoning Mesozoic birds Geology

Liaoxiornis delicatus *** ***.,the smallest Mesozoic bird

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第9期44卷 834-838页

作者： hou lianhai and CHEN Peiji Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100044, China Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , China Institute of Vertebra Paleontology und Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Nanjing Instittue of Gology and Paleontology Chinese Academy of Sciences China

Recently, a very small and complete bird specimen was collected from the Confuciusornis-bearing Yixian Formation. This finding represents a new kind of Mesozoic bird, named Liaoxiornis delicatus. It is characterized by a short skull with teeth, a long neck and a very small sternum with only posterior process; the humeral head is not internally curved, and the hindlimbs are longer than the forelimbs. Liaoxiomis delicatus is not only much smaller than Confuciusornis, but also smaller than Cathayomis and other early Cretaceous birds. It is the smallest bird known from Mesozoic deposit. Liaoxiornis provides new evidence indicating that the early adaptive radiation of birds is complicated.

关键词： Mesozoic early bird evolution of birds.