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Two-dimensional hydrodynamic robust numerical model of soil erosion based on slopes and river basins

Journal of Arid Land 2021年第10期13卷 995-1014页

作者： KANG Yongde HUANG Miansong HOU Jingming TONG Yu PAN Zhanpeng State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China School of Water Resources and Hydroelectric EngineeringXi'an University of TechnologyXi'an 710048China Beijing Capital Eco-Environment Protection Group Co.Ltd. Beijing 100028China

Erosion is an important issue in soil science and is related to many environmental problems,such as soil erosion and sediment transport.Establishing a simulation model suitable for soil erosion prediction is of great significance not only to accurately predict the process of soil separation by runoff,but also improve the physical model of soil erosion.In this study,we develop a graphic processing unit(GPU)-based numerical model that combines two-dimensional(2D)hydrodynamic and Green-Ampt(G-A)infiltration modelling to simulate soil erosion.A Godunov-type scheme on a uniform and structured square grid is then generated to solve the relevant shallow water equations(SWEs).The highlight of this study is the use of GPU-based acceleration technology to enable numerical models to simulate slope and watershed erosion in an efficient and high-resolution manner.The results show that the hydrodynamic model performs well in simulating soil erosion process.Soil erosion is studied by conducting calculation verification at the slope and basin scales.The first case involves simulating soil erosion process of a slope surface under indoor artificial rainfall conditions from 0 to 1000 s,and there is a good agreement between the simulated values and the measured values for the runoff velocity.The second case is a river basin experiment(Coquet River Basin)that involves watershed erosion.Simulations of the erosion depth change and erosion cumulative amount of the basin during a period of 1-40 h show an elevation difference of erosion at 0.5-3.0 m,especially during the period of 20-30 h.Nine cross sections in the basin are selected for simulation and the results reveal that the depth of erosion change value ranges from-0.86 to-2.79 m and the depth of deposition change value varies from 0.38 to 1.02 m.The findings indicate that the developed GPU-based hydrogeomorphological model can reproduce soil erosion processes.These results are valuable for rainfall runoff and soil erosion predictions on rilled hillslopes and river basins.

关键词： soil erosion two-dimensional modelling rainfall runoff Green-Ampt model gully erosion

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Tsunami hazard and mitigation analysis for bathing beaches in China based on numerical simulations

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2022年第12期41卷 27-37页

作者： jingming hou Wei Lu Tingting Fan Peitao Wang National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Beijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Marine Hazards Forecasting Ministry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100081China

Bathing beaches are usually the first to suffer disasters when tsunamis occur,owing to their proximity to the sea.Several large seismic fault zones are located off the coast of China.The impact of each tsunami scenario on Chinese bathing beaches is different.In this study,numerical models of the worst tsunami scenarios associated with seismic fault zones were considered to assess the tsunami hazard of bathing beaches in China.Numerical results show that tsunami waves from the Pacific Ocean could affect the East China Sea coast through gaps between the Ryukyu Islands.The Zhejiang and Shanghai coasts would be threatened by a tsunami from Ryukyu Trench,and the coasts of Hainan and Guangdong provinces would be threatened by a tsunami from the Manila Trench.The tsunami hazard associated with the Philippine Trench scenario needs particular attention.Owing to China’s offshore topography,the sequential order of tsunami arrival times to coastal provinces in several tsunami scenarios is almost the same.According to the tsunami hazard analysis results,Yalongwan Beach and eight other bathing beaches are at the highest hazard level.A high-resolution numerical calculation model was established to analyze the tsunami physical characteristics for the high-risk bathing beaches.To explore mitigating effects of a tsunami disaster,this study simulated tsunami propagation with the addition of seawalls.The experimental results show that the tsunami prevention seawalls constructed in an appropriate shallow water location have some effect on reducing tsunami hazard.Seawalls separated by a certain distance work even better.The analysis results can provide a scientific reference for subsequent preventive measures such as facility construction and evacuation.

关键词： tsunami bathing beach hazard mitigation

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Transport mechanism of eroded sediment particles under freeze-thaw and runoff conditions

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Journal of Arid Land 2022年第5期14卷 490-501页

作者： WANG Tian LI Peng HOU Jingming TONG Yu LI Jing WANG Feng LI Zhanbin State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region Xi'an University of TechnologyXi'an 710048China Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions Xi'an University of TechnologyXi'an 710048China

Hydraulic erosion associated with seasonal freeze-thaw cycles is one of the most predominant factors,which drives soil stripping and transportation.In this study,indoor simulated meltwater erosion experiments were used to investigate the sorting characteristics and transport mechanism of sediment particles under different freeze-thaw conditions(unfrozen,shallow-thawed,and frozen slopes)and runoff rates(1,2,and 4 L/min).Results showed that the order of sediment particle contents was silt>sand>clay during erosion process on unfrozen,shallow-thawed,and frozen slopes.Compared with original soils,clay and silt were lost,and sand was deposited.On unfrozen and shallow-thawed slopes,the change of runoff rate had a significant impact on the enrichment of clay,silt,and sand particles.In this study,the sediment particles transported in the form of suspension/saltation were 83.58%–86.54%on unfrozen slopes,69.24%–84.89%on shallow-thawed slopes,and 83.75%–87.44%on frozen slopes.Moreover,sediment particles smaller than 0.027 mm were preferentially transported.On shallow-thawed slope,relative contribution percentage of suspension/saltation sediment particles gradually increased with the increase in runoff rate,and an opposite trend occurred on unfrozen and frozen slopes.At the same runoff rate,freeze-thaw process had a significant impact on the relative contribution percentage of sediment particle transport via suspension/saltation and rolling during erosion process.The research results provide an improved transport mechanism under freeze-thaw condition for steep loessal slopes.

关键词： freeze-thaw runoff conditions erosion process sediment particles transport mechanism

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Validation of an operational forecasting system of sea dike risk in the southern Zhejiang Province, South China

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2019年第6期37卷 1929-1940页

作者： LI Tao WANG Fangdong HOU Jingming CHE Zhumei DONG Jianxi National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Beijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Research on Marine Hazards Forecasting of State Oceanic Administration Beijing 100081China Beijing Space Flight Control Center Beijing 100094China Marine Monitoring and Forecasting Center of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310007China

In this study,an operational forecasting system of sea dike risk in the southern Zhejiang Province,South China was developed based on a coupled storm-surge and wave model.This forecasting system is important because of the high cost of storm-surge damage and the need for rapid emergency planning.A comparison with astronomical tides in 2016 and the validation of storm surges and high water marks of 20 typhoons verified that the forecast system has a good simulation ability.The system can forecast relatively realistic water levels and wave heights as shown under the parametric atmospheric forces simulated in a case study;the sea dikes in credible high risk were mainly located in the estuaries,rivers,and around the islands in the southern Zhejiang.Therefore,the forecast system is applicable in the southern Zhejiang with a support to the effective prevention from typhoon storm-surge damage.

关键词： storm surge sea dike operational forecast southern Zhejiang Province risk calculation

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The September 16, 2015 Mw 8.3 Illapel, Chile Earthquake： characteristics of tsunami wave from near-field to far-field

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2017年第5期36卷 73-82页

作者： REN Zhiyuan YUAN Ye WANG Peitao FAN Tingting WANG Juncheng HOU Jingming National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center

On September 16, 2015, an earthquake with magnitude ofMw 8.3 occurred 46 km offshore from Illapel, Chile, generating a 4.4-m local tsunami measured at Coquimbo. In this study, the characteristics of tsunami are presented by a combination of analysis of observations and numerical simulation based on sources of USGS and NOAA. The records of 16 DART buoys in deep water, ten tidal gauges along coasts of near-field, and ten coastal gauges in the far-field are studied by applying Fourier analyses. The numerical simulation based on nonlinear shallow water equations and nested grids is carried out to provide overall tsunami propagation scenarios, and the results match well with the observations in deep water and but not well in coasts closed to the epicenter. Due to the short distance to the epicenter and the shelf resonance of southern Peru and Chile, the maximum amplitude ranged from 0.1 m to 2 m, except for Coquimbo. In deep water, the maximum amplitude of buoys decayed from 9.8 cm to 0.8 cm, suggesting a centimeter-scale Pacific-wide tsunami, while the governing period was 13-17 min and 32 min. Whereas in the far-field coastal region, the tsunami wave amplified to be around 0.2 m to 0.8 m, mostly as a result of run-up effect and resonance from coast reflection. Although the tsunami was relatively moderate in deep water, it still produced non-negligible tsunami hazards in local region and the coasts of farfield.

关键词： 2015 Illapel earthquake tsunami observation numerical modeling far-field near-field

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Estimating soil ammonium adsorption using pedotransfer functions in an irrigation district of the North China Plain

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Pedosphere 2021年第1期31卷 157-171页

作者： Chunying WANG Defeng WU Xiaomin MAO jingming hou Lei WANG Yuping HAN Snate Key Labonatory of Eco fhydrnoudics in Norhwest Arid Region Xi'an Unesity of Teckunology.Xi'an 710048China North China University of Wiater Resoures and Electric Puwer Zhengzhow 450045 China College of Wanter Couseriangy and Civil Engineening China Agricndnuml Unersiny.Beijing 100083China Heman Key Labrratory of Water Re soures Comsenation and lueestive Uilization in the Hellow River Basin Zhengzhou 450046China

Extensive use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture can induce high concentration of ammonium nitrogen(NH4^(+)_(-)N) in soil. Desorption and leaching of NH4^(+)_(-)N has led to pollution of natural waters. The adsorption of NH4^(+)_(-)N in soil plays an important role in the fate of the NH4^(+)_(-)N. Understanding the adsorption characteristics of NH4^(+)_(-)N is necessary to ascertain and predict its fate in the soil-water environment, and pedotransfer functions(PTFs) could be a convenient method for quantification of the adsorption parameters. Ammonium nitrogen adsorption capacity, isotherms, and their influencing factors were investigated for various soils in an irrigation district of the North China Plain. Fourteen agricultural soils with three types of texture(silt, silty loam, and sandy loam) were collected from topsoil to perform batch experiments. Silt and silty loam soils had higher NH4^(+)_(-)N adsorption capacity than sandy loam soils.Clay and silt contents significantly affected the adsorption capacity of NH4^(+)_(-)N in the different soils. The adsorption isotherms of NH4^(+)_(-)N in the 14 soils fit well using the Freundlich, Langmuir, and Temkin models. The models’ adsorption parameters were significantly related to soil properties including clay,silt, and organic carbon contents and Fe^(2+) and Fe^(3+) ion concentrations in the groundwater. The PTFs that relate soil and groundwater properties to soil NH4^(+)_(-)N adsorption isotherms were derived using multiple regressions where the coefficients were predicted using the Bayesian method. The PTFs of the three adsorption isotherm models were successfully verified and could be useful tools to help predict NH4^(+)_(-)N adsorption at a regional scale in irrigation districts.

关键词： adsorption capacity adsorption isotherm ammonium nitrogen groundwater quality soil properties

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Hydrological and sediment connectivity under freeze-thaw meltwater compound erosion conditions on a loessal slope

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第2期11卷 402-411页

作者： Tian Wang Jingsi Li jingming hou Yongyong Ma Peng Li Yu Tong Jing Li Zhanbin Li State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China Xi'an University of TechnologyXi'an710048ShaanxiChina Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions Xian University of TechnologyXi'an 710048ShaanxiChina Shaanxi Province Institute of Water Resources and Electric Power Investigation and Design Xi'an710005ShaanxiChina

Freeze-thaw processes can influence hydrology,soil erosion,and morphological development by altering the connectivity between active pathways of water and sediment transport.Concentrated flow experi-ments were conducted involving frozen,shallow thawed,and unfrozen soil slopes under 1,2,and 4 L/min runoff rates at a temperature of approximately 5℃.In this study,hydrological connectivity was analysed via the simplified hydrological curve and relative surface connection function.Sediment con-nectivity was analysed via the sediment structure connectivity and sediment functional connectivity.Results indicated that hydrological connectivity was greatest on frozen slopes(FS),followed by shallow thawed slopes(STS),and unfrozen slopes(UFS)given a constant flow rate.Hydrological connectivity increased with increasing runoff rate for each freeze-thaw condition.Freezing condition and runoff rate exhibited a positive response to the hydrological connectivity.Sediment structure connectivity increased with increasing runoff rate for each slope condition.The ordering of sediment structure connectivity across freeze-thaw condition was that FS was greater than STS while STS was greater than UFS inde-pendent of flow rate.Sediment functional connectivity included longitudinal,lateral,and vertical con-nectivity components.Sediment longitudinal and vertical connectivity indicated a trend of first increasing and then decreasing under the different runoff rates and freeze-thaw conditions.For a given runoff rate,the ordering of sediment longitudinal and vertical connectivity across freeze-thaw condition was that FS was greater than STS while STS was greater than UFS.Sediment lateral connectivity exhibited a trend of first decreasing and then stabilizing.The ordering of sediment lateral connectivity across freeze-thaw condition was that UFS was greater than STS while STS was greater than FS.FS could more easily reach longitudinal and vertical penetration.Sediment longitudinal and vertical connectivity rates demonstrated increasing trends

关键词： Freeze-thaw Runoff Erosion Structureand functional connectivity Loessal slope

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Parametric message passing-based relative navigation in joint tactical information distribution system

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2016年第1期27卷 81-89页

作者： Nan Wu Bin Li Hua Wang Liang hou jingming Kuang School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of Technology

Relative navigation is a key feature in the joint tactical information distribution system（JTIDS）.A parametric message passing algorithm based on factor graph is proposed to perform relative navigation in JTIDS.First of all,the joint posterior distribution of all the terminals＇ positions is represented by factor graph.Because of the nonlinearity between the positions and time-of-arrival（TOA） measurement,messages cannot be obtained in closed forms by directly using the sum-product algorithm on factor graph.To this end,the Euclidean norm is approximated by Taylor expansion.Then,all the messages on the factor graph can be derived in Gaussian forms,which enables the terminals to transmit means and covariances.Finally,the impact of major error sources on the navigation performance are evaluated by Monte Carlo simulations,e.g.,range measurement noise,priors of position uncertainty and velocity noise.Results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the extended Kalman filter and cooperative extended Kalman filter in both static and mobile scenarios of the JTIDS.

关键词： joint tactical information distribution system（JTIDS） relative navigation parametric message passing factor graph.

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Establishment of a sediment transport capacity equation on loessal slope via experimental investigation

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2023年第2期38卷 166-174页

作者： Tian Wang Jingsi Li jingming hou Peng Li Shengdong Cheng Feng Wang Wen Wang Zhanbin Li Reinhard Hinkelmann State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China Xi'an University of Technology Chair of Water Resources Management and Modeling of Hydrosystems Department of Civil Engineering Technische Universit at Berlin Shaanxi Province Institute of Water Resources and Electric Power Investigation and Design Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions Xi'an University of Technology

Areliable sediment transport capacity function provides response against challenges of soil erosion prediction on the Loess Plateau of China. The popular sediment transport capacity functions are questionable on loess slopes because the experimental conditions from which they were derived, like bed materials, gentle slopes,and surface roughness, are different from soil erosion processes on the loess slopes. Due to the foregoing uncertainty, a suitable sediment transport capacity function was developed based on a flume experiment investigation. The erodible bed experiment was implemented for five unit width discharges(1.3 × 10-4-3.3 × 10-4m2/s) and ten slopes(5.2%-57.7%). The selected sediment transport capacity equations were tested in an applicability evaluation. The results of this evaluation found that the Govers(1990) function had the best performance(P.O.0.5-2.0= 76%, R2= 0.93, RMSE = 0.03 kg/(m·s)), followed by the Yalin(1963) function(P.O.0.5-2.0= 80%, R2= 0.81, RMSE = 0.05 kg/(m·s)), and finally by the Low(1989) function(P.O.0.5-2.0= 72%,R2= 0.79, RMSE = 0.04 kg/(m·s)), where P.O.0.5-2.0is the percentage of estimated values with logarithmic discrepancies with the measured value between 0.5 and 2.0; R2is the coefficient of determination and RMSE is the roof mean squares error. The cohesive sediment incipient motion velocity is introduced into the Govers(1990) function, and the sediment particle parameter is determined from measured experimental data. The developed sediment transport capacity equation has good performance with predicted values corresponding to measured values(P.O.0.5-2.0= 98%, R2= 0.98, RMSE = 0.006 kg/(m·s)). The research results provide an improved sediment transport capacity function on the basis of experiments for steep loessal slopes.

关键词： Experimental investigation Hydraulic conditions Loessal slope Sediment transport capacity

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Observations and modelling of the travel time delay and leading negative phase of the 16 September 2015 Illapel,Chile tsunami

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2021年第11期40卷 11-30页

作者： Peitao Wang Zhiyuan Ren Lining Sun jingming hou Zongchen Wang Ye Yuan Fujiang Yu Key Laboratory of Marine Hazards Forecasting National Marine Environmental Forecasting CenterMinistry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100081China

The systematic discrepancies in both tsunami arrival time and leading negative phase(LNP)were identified for the recent transoceanic tsunami on 16 September 2015 in Illapel,Chile by examining the wave characteristics from the tsunami records at 21 Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunami(DART)sites and 29 coastal tide gauge stations.The results revealed systematic travel time delay of as much as 22 min(approximately 1.7%of the total travel time)relative to the simulated long waves from the 2015 Chilean tsunami.The delay discrepancy was found to increase with travel time.It was difficult to identify the LNP from the near-shore observation system due to the strong background noise,but the initial negative phase feature became more obvious as the tsunami propagated away from the source area in the deep ocean.We determined that the LNP for the Chilean tsunami had an average duration of 33 min,which was close to the dominant period of the tsunami source.Most of the amplitude ratios to the first elevation phase were approximately 40%,with the largest equivalent to the first positive phase amplitude.We performed numerical analyses by applying the corrected long wave model,which accounted for the effects of seawater density stratification due to compressibility,self-attraction and loading(SAL)of the earth,and wave dispersion compared with observed tsunami waveforms.We attempted to accurately calculate the arrival time and LNP,and to understand how much of a role the physical mechanism played in the discrepancies for the moderate transoceanic tsunami event.The mainly focus of the study is to quantitatively evaluate the contribution of each secondary physical effect to the systematic discrepancies using the corrected shallow water model.Taking all of these effects into consideration,our results demonstrated good agreement between the observed and simulated waveforms.We can conclude that the corrected shallow water model can reduce the tsunami propagation speed and reproduce the LNP,which is observed for tsunamis that

关键词： 2015 Chilean tsunami travel time delay leading negative phase numerical modeling corrected long wave earth’s elasticity loading seawater density stratification Boussinesq dispersion

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