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Origin of clay minerals on section of Luochuan loesspalaeosol in Shaanxi Province,northwest China

Frontiers of Earth Science 2020年第4期14卷 684-694页

作者： Chang Dok Won hanlie hong Kum Ryong Pak Kim Chaek University of Technology Pyongyang999093Korea School of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)Wuhan430074China State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)Wuhan430074China

Crystallinity,polytype,and morphology of clay minerals in the Luochuan loess-palaeosols in Shaanxi Province,northwest China were studied in order to have an insight into their origin using X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)*** SEM observations showed that the morphology of some illites seems to be lath-shaped *** analysis of illite crystallinity(IC)on the Luochuan section indicated that the origin of illite was related to the rocks of an *** illite in the Luochuan loess-palaeosol section were of 2M1 polytype,but some were of 1M polytype formed by weathering of feldspar in the process of *** in the Luochuan section has undergone both physical and chemical *** results revealed that most illite were of detrital origin related to the source area of an anchizone,but parts of the illite were of an authigenic origin formed during pedogenesis after *** in the samples of the Luochuan section were mainly composed of irregular flaky grains and their crystallinity was *** showed that chlorite had the detrital origin formed by physical *** crystallinity was relatively *** value of CIA on the Luochuan section ranges from 61.9 to 69,and therefore kaolinite could not be formed during weathering and *** results indicated that the kaolinite had a detrital *** of smectite seems to be *** XRD patterns of all samples contained diffraction peaks at 1.5218Å(nontronite)and 1.5052Å(montmorillonite),thus indicating an intermediate composition between trioctahedral and dioctahedral *** smectite crystallinity was very *** results revealed that smectite in the study area was authigenic rather than detrital origin.

关键词： clay minerals crystallinity loess-palaeosol origin polytype

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湖北蕲春烈马咀花岗岩成因及与钼成矿的关系

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地质通报 2024年第8期43卷 1417-1429页

作者：刘欣张森洪汉烈金珊合钟辉伍月鞠楠施璐中国地质调查局沈阳地质调查中心(东北地质科技创新中心) 辽宁沈阳110034 自然资源实物地质资料中心河北廊坊065201 中国地质大学(武汉) 湖北武汉4300741

湖北蕲春烈马咀钼矿位于大别山南坡,已探明的大型钼矿鲜有报道,对该矿区的深入研究甚少,缺少对成岩成矿时代、成因和构造背景的准确厘定。对烈马咀钼矿及与成矿有关的花岗岩进行了岩相学、岩石地球化学研究和Re−Os同位素测年。结果表明... 详细信息

湖北蕲春烈马咀钼矿位于大别山南坡,已探明的大型钼矿鲜有报道,对该矿区的深入研究甚少,缺少对成岩成矿时代、成因和构造背景的准确厘定。对烈马咀钼矿及与成矿有关的花岗岩进行了岩相学、岩石地球化学研究和Re−Os同位素测年。结果表明:与成矿有关的岩石为斑状二长花岗岩或二长花岗斑岩,矿区成矿规模小,矿石为浸染状或细脉浸染状展布;辉钼矿等时线年龄为119±8 Ma,年龄加权平均值为118.9±0.98 Ma,指示烈马咀钼矿为早白垩世热液产物;岩石地球化学数据表明其为高硅、高钾钙碱性系列A型花岗岩;稀土元素的总含量高,轻稀土元素含量相对富集,重稀土元素含量相对亏损。烈马咀钼矿区与成矿有关的岩石形成于大别造山带伸展环境,与燕山晚期岩石圈减薄有关。

关键词：烈马咀花岗岩辉钼矿岩石地球化学 Re−Os同位素测年湖北

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Clay mineralogy and its palaeoclimatic significance in the Luochuan Ioess-palaeosols over -1.3 Ma, Shaanxi, northwestern China

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2018年第1期12卷 134-147页

作者： Changdok WON hanlie hong Feng CHENG Qian FANG Chaowen WANG Lulu ZHAO Gordon Jock CHURCHMAN School of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China Kim Chaek University of Technologyty Pyongyang 999093 D.P.R of Korea State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geologyl China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) Wuhan 430074 China Gemological Institute China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) Wuhan 430074 China School of Agriculture Food and Wine The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA5005 Australia

To understand climate changes recorded in the Luochuan loess-palaeosols, Shaanxi province, northwes- tern China, clay mineralogy was studied using X-ray diffraction （XRD）, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy （HRTEM）, and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） methods. XRD results show that clay mineral compositions in the Luochuan loess-palaeosols are dom- inantly illite, with minor chlorite, kaolinite, smectite, and illite-smectite mixed-layer clays （US）. Illite is the most abundant species in the sediments, with a content of 61%- 83%. The content of chlorite ranges from 5%-22%, and the content of kaolinite ranges from 5%-19%. Smectite （or US） occurs discontinuously along the loess profile, with a content of 0-8%. The Kfibler index of illite （IC） ranges from 0.255°-0.491°, and the illite chemical index （ICI） ranges from 0.294-0.394. The CIA values of the loess- palaeosols are 61.9-69.02, and the R3＋/（R3＋＋ R2＋＋ M＋） values are 0.508-0.589. HRTEM observations show that transformation of illite to illite-smectite has occurred in both the loess and palaeosol, suggesting that the Luochuan loess-palaeosols have experienced a certain degree of chemical weathering. The Luochuan loess-palaeosols have the same clay mineral assemblage along the profile. However, the relative contents of clay mineral species, CIA, ICI, and IC values fluctuate frequently along the profile, and all these parameters display a similar trend. Moreover, climate changes suggested by the clay index are consistent with variations in the deep-sea 6180 records and the magnetic susceptibility value, and thus, climate changes in the Luochuan region have been controlled by global climate change.

关键词： clay minerals weathering palaeoclimate,Luochuan loess-palaeosols

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Clay Mineralogy and its Paleoclimatic Significance of the OligoceneMiocene Sediments in the Gerze Basin, Tibet

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第5期88卷 1579-1591页

作者： SONG Eping ZHANG Kexin CHEN Jiangjun WANG Chaowen JIANG Gaolei YIN Ke hong hanlie CHURCHMAN Jock Gordon Institute of Geological Survey China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) Biological Scientific and Technical College Hubei University for Nationalities State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) Faculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) School of Agriculture Food and Wine the University of Adelaide5005 Australia

This study collected the early Oligocene to middle Miocene sediments from the Gerze Basin of Tibet, and used X-Ray diffraction （XRD） and Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM） to discuss their clay mineralolgy, clay indices, better understand the clay mineralogy and its paleoclimatic significance. The results show that clay minerals of the Gerze Basin sediments are mainly composed of iilite and chlorite, with minor amounts of smectite and kaolinite, and their relative content varies along the section. Variations of relative contents and clay indices suggest that the Gerze Basin has experienced three-stage evolution of paleoclimate： I ） high ilUte and chlorite contents, with fluctuant smectite and low （I＋Ch）/（K＋S） ratio, indicative of a dominant seasonal arid climate from the early Oligoeene to late Oligocene; Ⅱ） higher illite and chlorite contents and larger （I＋Ch）/（K＋S） ratio but absence of kaolinite, indicating a colder and drier climate from the late Oligocene to early Miocene; Ⅲ） high iilite and chlorite contents with fluctuant （I＋Ch）/（K＋S） ratios and occasional occurrence of kaolinite, suggesting that the climate became warmer and more humid compared with that of stage Ⅱ in the mid-Miocene. These conclusions were also reinforced by the clay morphology, which suggests that physical weathering dominated in stage Ⅱ, while relatively strong chemical weathering was dominant in stages Ⅰ and Ⅲ Clay minerals of the sediments mainly consist of illite and chlorite, indicating that the source rock played a significant role in clay origin. It is inferred that global cooling and the enhancement of denudation and obstruction of northward moisture due to the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were responsible for the provenance of iUite and chlorite under weak chemical weathering. Though the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau reached a certain elevation by the mid-Miocene, yet the mid-Miocene widespread warming might have largely impacted the Gerze climate.

关键词： clay minerals climate Gerze (Gaize) Basin Kangtuo Formation Qinghai-Tibet

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Cenozoic sedimentary records and geochronological constraints of differential uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第11期51卷 1658-1672页

作者： ZHANG KeXin WANG GuoCan CAO Kai LIU Chao XIANG ShuYuan hong hanlie KOU XiaoHu XU YaDong CHEN FenNing MENG YanNing CHEN RuiMing Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology of Ministry of Education China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Faulty of Earth Sciences China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

Geological mapping data (1:250000) in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its adjacent regions reveal the sediment sequences, distribution and tectonic evolution of the 92 Tertiary remnant basins. Southern Tibet and the Yecheng area in Xinjiang, located at southern and northwestern margins of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, respectively, were parts of the Neo-Tethys remnant sea in the Paleogene. In southern Tibet, both the subabyssal and abyssal sequences occur at the Gyangze, Saga, Guoyala, and Sangmai areas. The deep-water facies successions outcrop in the west, whereas the shallow-water facies sequences in the east, indicating the east to the west retreat of the Neo-Tethys Ocean. The retreat of the Neo-Tethys Ocean in the east was contributed to the earlier tectonic uplift of the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The uplift process of the Plateau from the Late Cretaceous to Pliocene is described as follows: During the Late Cretaceous, tectonic uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau occurred in the northeastern part and the configuration of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was characterized by rise in the northeast and depression in the west. In the Paleocene-Eocene interval, the Tengchong-Baingoin and Kuyake-Golmud areas experienced local tectonic uplifting, the West Kunlun uplift zone broadened easterly, the Qilian uplift zone broadened southerly, and the Songpan-Garzê uplift zone shrank easterly. The Oligocene configuration of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was characterized by mountain chains rising along its margins and sedimentary basins in the central part because of tectonic uplifts of the Gangdisê and the Himalaya blocks. Meanwhile, the Kunlun-Altyn-Qilian uplift zones have also broadened southerly and northerly. In contrast, the great uplift zones of the Gangdisê, the Himalaya, the Karakorum, and the Kunlun blocks characterize the paleogeographic contours of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the Miocene-Pliocene. Additionally, the thermochronological data on tectonic uplift events in

关键词： Cenozoic tectonic uplift thermochronology sedimentary records the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Weathered Mantle Hosted Gold Deposit atShewushan, Hubei, Central China

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Journal of China University of Geosciences 2001年第1期12卷 60-67页

作者： hong hanlie Wang Qinyan The Center for Material Research and Testing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070 Bian Qiujuan Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074 The Center for Material Research and Testing Wuhan University of Technology Faculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences

A supergene gold deposit is located at Shewushan, south Hubei, Central China. The Au mass fraction of the supergene deposits ranges from 1.0.10-6 to 19.5 10-6, with an average of about 2.2 10-6. Primary gold mineralization is closely associated with the well developed faults and fractures mainly on the crest of the reverse anticline with gold mass fraction exceeding1.0 X 10-6(average 0.6 X 10-6 ), the gold occurs as small Ag-bearing particles in association with illite and kaolinite, and partly incorporated within the lattice of pyrite. Fluid inclusion studies on the gold mineralization yield trapping temperatures and pressures from 110 to 290 and 410 105 to 460 105 pa, respectively. The salinities of mineralization fluids range from 2. 6 % to 8. 4 % w(NaCl, equivalent). Calculated (18O) values and measured (D) data of the hypogene fluids indicate a meteoric origin. These fluids underwent extreme 18 O enrichment by reacting with country carbonate rock. Supergene gold minerali- zation is confined largely to the lower portion at the weathered mantle; the gold occurs as small native gold particles accompanied by clay minerals, kaolinite and illite and Mn and Fe oxides. Geochemical investigation shows that Au, together with As and Sb, decreases progressively from the top of ore body to some 2 kilometers away and define a lateral dispersion halo. It is proposed that the gold is mobilized by surficial leaching and concentrated at the lower portion of the weathering profile, and thio-sulfate may play an active role in gold dissolution and re-precipitation.

关键词： gold deposit weathering inclusion temperature stable isotopes Shewushan.

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红土型金矿床金的特征研究

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电子显微学报 1998年第3期17卷 267-271页

作者：洪汉烈叶先贤武汉工业大学测试中心

蛇屋山金矿为我国发现的第一个红土型金矿床，本文报道了该矿床金的特征的研究结果。运用电子探针、分析型透射电子显微镜等电子显微技术，查明矿床中金矿物的形态、颗粒大小以及化学成分等特征。研究表明，这些金以超显微金的形式存在... 详细信息

蛇屋山金矿为我国发现的第一个红土型金矿床，本文报道了该矿床金的特征的研究结果。运用电子探针、分析型透射电子显微镜等电子显微技术，查明矿床中金矿物的形态、颗粒大小以及化学成分等特征。研究表明，这些金以超显微金的形式存在于粘土矿物高岭石、水云母的晶体边缘，或混杂于褐铁矿中的针铁矿晶体集合体之间，少数呈褐铁矿的吸附相形式存在。根据分析电镜能谱分析及电子探针分析，这些金均为独立的自然金矿物，具有极高的成色。研究还表明，存在于粘土矿物边缘的超显微金呈物理吸附的方式或者机械混入物形式产出。

关键词：红土型金矿床超显微金电子显微术

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Illite-smectite Mixed-layer Minerals in the Alteration Volcanic Ashes under Submarine Environment

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矿物学报 2013年第S1期33卷 35-35页

作者： hong hanlie GAO Wenpeng YIN Ke LI Zhaohui WANG Chaowen Faculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Geosciences Department University of Wisconsin - Parkside

The clay mineralogy of the clay intervals interbedded with siliceous mudstones across the Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB) in Pengda, Guiyang, Guizhou province, was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The clay mineral assemblages of the sediments are mainly I/S clays and minor smectite, kaolinite, and illite as reveled by XRD analyses. The peak-shape parameters BB1 and BB2 of I/S clays of the representative clay bed PL-01 are 4.7° and 4.4°, and the peak position of the low angle reflection is at 6.8° 2θ (13.6 ), suggesting that the I/S clays has a IS type of ordering. However, the presence of multi-order reflections and their intensities are different from those of completely ordered 1∶1 mixed-layer I/S clay rectorite, indicating that I/S clays of the Pengda section have partially ordered IS structures. HRTEM observations show that most of the I/S clays exhibit an IS stacking ordering. However, in some areas within a IS particle, smectite layer is observed in doublets, triplets, and quartets, which are interstratified by various amounts of illite layers, suggesting the presence of other irregular stacking in addition to the major 1∶1 IS ordered stacking. Transformation of smectite layer into illite layers is also observed in the I/S clays, suggesting that the Pengda I/S clays are derived from smectite illitization, in good agreement with the clay mineral assemblage. The I/S clays of the Pengda section contain up to 45% to 95% smectite layer, the notably higher contents of smectite layer relative to those of other PTB stratigraphic sets in south China can be attributed to difference in alteration and smectite illitization processes due to different sedimentary environments.

关键词： Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB) high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) clay minerals mixed-layer illite-smectite

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Relations Between Paleoclimatological Conditions and Mineralogical Characteristics of Clays in Miocene Sediments at Linxia Basin, China

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矿物学报 2013年第S1期33卷 129-129页

作者： YU Na hong hanlie LI Zhaohui ZHANG Kexin LI Rongbiao College of Earth Sciences Jilin University Faculty of Prospecting and Surveying Changchun Institute of Technology Faculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Geosciences Department University of Wisconsin-Parkside

Linxia Basin is a late Cenozoic fault-block basin along the border between the Tibet plateau and the Loess plateau in Northwestern China. Its formation and sediments record may be directly affected by the structural dynamics and the uplift of the Tibet Plateau. For this reason, we studied the mineral characteristics of the Maogou formation of Miocene sediments using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD results showed that quartz, chlorite, illite, calcite, plagioclase, orthoclase, kaolinite, and trace palygorskite are present throughout the sequence of the cross-section in Linxia basin. In contrast, gypsum and ankerite occur occasionally in the upper portion of the Miocene deposits. The content of calcite varied with layers in the profile and was relatively concentrated in mudstone. Chlorite and illite were observed transforming into palygorskite under SEM observation. Based on the mineral characteristics and the change of mineral composition, especially the clay minerals, it could be inferred that an arid environment prevailed in the region with warm and cold intervals during Miocene time.

关键词： clay minerals Linxia basin paleoclimate palygorksite

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成都盆地红土沉积物中黏土矿物的特征及其古气候指示意义

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地质科技情报 2015年第3期34卷 80-86页

作者：赵璐璐洪汉烈殷科程峰中国地质大学地球科学学院武汉430074 中国地质大学生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室武汉430074

成都盆地位于长江上游二级阶梯向一级阶梯的过渡地带,地理位置特殊,并且广布第四纪红土沉积。为研究成都盆地中黏土矿物的特征及其成因意义,采用X射线衍射(XRD)测试技术,对胜利剖面沉积物中黏土矿物的矿物学特征进行了系统研究。结果表... 详细信息

成都盆地位于长江上游二级阶梯向一级阶梯的过渡地带,地理位置特殊,并且广布第四纪红土沉积。为研究成都盆地中黏土矿物的特征及其成因意义,采用X射线衍射(XRD)测试技术,对胜利剖面沉积物中黏土矿物的矿物学特征进行了系统研究。结果表明,成都盆地胜利剖面沉积物中的黏土矿物主要有伊利石、高岭石、蛭石、蒙脱石以及少量伊利石-蒙脱石混层黏土矿物和高岭石-蒙脱石混层黏土矿物。根据黏土矿物组合含量的变化特征,可以将成都盆地第四纪早更新世中晚期以来的气候环境演化划分为4个阶段,先后经历了湿热-温凉-温湿-干冷2个周期性的气候旋回,黏土矿物含量变化的总趋势与土壤沉积物的CIA指数共同揭示了研究区第四纪以来的气候有逐渐干冷的趋势,这与全球性的第四纪气候尤其是中国区域内的第四纪气候环境变化相一致。

关键词：成都盆地红土黏土矿物过渡相第四纪气候

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