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Development and Practical Applications of Blue Light-Emitting Diodes

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Engineering 2015年第2期1卷 167-168页

作者： hideaki koizumi Hitachi Ltd. Engineering Academy of Japan(EAJ)

The practical application of semiconductor-based high-efficiency white-light sources, also known as light-emitting diodes, or LEDs, is a recent development of Japanese engineering. This development could be a game-changer for lighting worldwide, given that current power consumption for lighting accounts for 16% of the total electricity consumption in Japan.

关键词： salinity gradient energy pressure-retarded osmosis reverses electrodialysis

Engineering for Human Security and Well-Being

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Engineering 2015年第3期1卷 282-287页

作者： hideaki koizumi Hitachi Ltd. Engineering Academy of Japan(EAJ)

For some time,I have been studying the combined concept of'human security and well-being,'which addresses people’s daily lives as a top priority,as well as the concept of'societal innovation.'The concept of'human sec... 详细信息

关键词：人类安全工程健康全球变暖流行病

Seasonal change in sexual differences in nestling size and survival： a framework to evaluate sex-dependent environmental sensitivity in the wild

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Avian Research 2018年第2期9卷 136-143页

作者： Daisuke Nomi Teru Yuta Itsuro koizumi Graduate School of Environmental Science Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan Center for Toki and Ecological Restoration Niigata University Sado Niigata Japan Faculty of Environmental Earth Science Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan

Background: Sexual size dimorphism(SSD) occurs in a wide range of species in birds and other animals, but the magnitude of SSD often varies with environmental conditions. In general, in the developmental stages, the larger sex is more vulnerable to adverse environmental conditions because the larger sex requires more energy than the smaller sex. However, this may not hold true for birds with large brood sizes; the larger sex can acquire more food by suppressing the smaller sex. In addition, most previous studies have been experimental, such as by manipulating clutch size and ectoparasites, which may not reflect natural ***: In the present study, we propose a general framework to assess sexual differences in environmental sensitivity in natural populations. Because environmental conditions change throughout the breeding season, seasonal changes of nestling SSD and sex ratio should reflect sexual differences in environmental sensitivity. We applied this approach to a large dataset(1555 nestlings over 5 years) of Japanese Tits(Parus minor). In this population, the male nestling is generally larger than the female(5% SSD in body weight).Results: We found that the magnitude of SSD(weight, tarsus, wing) and fledgling sex ratio increased both in the beginning and the end of the breeding ***: Our study suggested that female nestlings are more valuable to poor environmental conditions in the relatively fecund species. This study underscores the importance of brood size on sexual differences in environmental stochasticity and our framework encourages comparative analysis among different bird species.

关键词： Brood size Japanese tit Parus minor Seasonal change Sexual size dimorphism

Rebuilding insight into the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease through new blood-brain barrier models

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1954-1960页

作者： Kinya Matsuo hideaki Nshihara Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine YamaguchiJapan Department of Neurotherapeutics Yamaguchi UniversityUbeJapan

The blood-brain barrier is a unique function of the microvasculature in the brain parenchyma that maintains homeostasis in the central nervous ***-brain barrier breakdown is a common pathology in various neurological diseases,such as Alzheimer’s disease,stroke,multiple sclerosis,and Parkinson’s ***,it has been considered a consequence of neuroinflammation or neurodegeneration,but recent advanced imaging techniques and detailed studies in animal models show that blood-brain barrier breakdown occurs early in the disease process and may precede neuronal ***,the blood-brain barrier is attractive as a potential therapeutic target for neurological diseases that lack effective *** elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying blood-brain barrier breakdown and translate them into therapeutic strategies for neurological diseases,there is a growing demand for experimental models of human origin that allow for functional ***,several human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived blood-brain barrier models have been established and various in vitro blood-brain barrier models using microdevices have been *** in the Alzheimer’s disease field,the human evidence for blood-brain barrier dysfunction has been demonstrated and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived blood-brain barrier models have suggested the putative molecular mechanisms of pathological blood-brain *** this review,we summarize recent evidence of blood-brain barrier dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease from pathological analyses,imaging studies,animal models,and stem cell ***,we discuss the potential future directions for blood-brain barrier research.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease blood-brain barrier human induced pluripotent stem cells

Cellular response against cytosolic leakage of mitochondrial DNA: insights into the pathology of Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第12期17卷 2682-2684页

作者： Akiko Sakai hideaki Matsui Department of Neuroscience of Disease Brain Research InstituteNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan

Mitochondria are important organelles for cellular metabolism and homeostasis,and their abnormalities are implicated in various *** mitochondria originate from protobacterium,their components are easily recognized by pathogen sensors called pattern-recognition receptors as foreign substances in the *** is prominent for mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)which has different properties from nuclear DNA,such as low,if any,methylation status,vulnerability to oxidation due to the proximity to the oxidative phosphorylation machinery,and its circular *** studies indicate that perturbations in mitochondrial function and homeostasis cause mtDNA to leak into the cytoplasm,where it triggers the innate immune response(West and Shadel,2017).Although inflammatory response is a cellular strategy to resist viral infections,it can also lead to undesirable outcomes by damaging own cells and tissues.

关键词： homeostasis metabolism insight

Substantiality:A Construct Indicating Research Excellence to Measure University Research Performance

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Journal of Data and Information Science 2021年第4期6卷 76-89页

作者： Masashi Shirabe Amane koizumi Institute for Liberal Arts Tokyo Institute of TechnologyOookayama 2-12-1 W9-77MeguroTokyo 152-8550Japan Center for Novel Science Initiatives National Institutes of Natural Sciences2nd FloorHulic Kamiyacho Building 4-3-13ToranomonMinatoTokyo 105-0001Japan

Purpose:The adequacy of research performance of universities or research institutes have often been evaluated and understood in two axes:“quantity”(*** or volume)and“quality”(*** we define here as a measure of excellence that is considered theoretically independent of size or volume,such as clarity in diamond grading).The purpose of this article is,however,to introduce a third construct named“substantiality”(“ATSUMI”in Japanese)of research performance and to demonstrate its importance in evaluating/understanding research ***/methodology/approach:We take a two-step approach to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed construct by showing that(1)some characteristics of research universities are not well captured by the conventional constructs(“quantity”and“quality”)-based indicators,and(2)the“substantiality”indicators can capture ***,by suggesting that“substantiality”indicators appear linked to the reputation that appeared in university reputation rankings by simple statistical analysis,we reveal additional benefits of the ***:We propose a new construct named“substantiality”for measuring research *** show that indicators based on“substantiality”can capture important characteristics of research institutes.“Substantiality”indicators demonstrate their“predictive powers”on research *** limitations:The concept of“substantiality”originated from IGO game;therefore the ease/difficulty of accepting the concept is culturally *** other words,while it is easily accepted by people from Japan and other East Asian countries and regions,it might be difficult for researchers from other cultural regions to accept *** implications:There is no simple solution to the challenge of evaluating research universities’research *** is vital to combine different types of indicators to understand the excellence of research *** indicators could be part of such a c

关键词： Substantiality Research excellence University research performance Accumulation of excellent players

Isothermal γ →ε phase transformation behavior in a Co-Cr-Mo alloy depending on thermal history during electron beam powder-bed additive manufacturing

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第15期47卷 162-170页

作者： Yufan Zhao Yuichiro koizumi Kenta Aoyagi Kenta Yamanaka Akihiko Chiba Department of Materials Processing Graduate School of EngineeringTohoku UniversityAoba-yama 02Aoba-kuSendai980-8579Japan Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University2-1-J KatahiraAoba-kuSendai980-8577Japan

Powder bed fusion with electron beam(PBF-EB),allows Co-Cr-Mo(CCM) implants with patientcustomization to be fabricated with high quality and complex ***,the variability in the properties of PBF-EB-built CCM alloy,mainly due to the lack of understanding of the mechanisms that govern microstructural heterogeneity,brings limitations in extensive *** this study,the microstructural heterogeneity regarding the γ-fcc→ε-hcp phase transformation was *** phase transformation during PBF-EB was analyzed depending on the thermal history that was elucidated by the numerical *** revealed that isothermal γ→ε transformation occurred during the ***,the difference in γ/ε phase distribution was a result of the thermal history determining which method phase transformation was taking place,which can be influenced by the PBF-EB process *** the sample with a low energy input(Earea=2.6 J/mm2),the martensitic transformation was *** the building height increased from the bottom,the e phase fraction *** the other hand,in the sample with a higher energy input(Earea=4.4 J/mm2),the ε phase fo rmed via diffusional-massive transformation and only appea red in a short range of the lower part away from the bottom.

关键词： Powder bed fusion with electron beam Phase transformation Thermal history Numerical simulation

SYSTEMATIC DESIGN OF SINGLE CARRIER OVERLAP FREQUENCY DOMAIN EQUALIZATION

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2010年第1期23卷 50-60页

作者： Wladimir BOCQUET Kazunori HAYASHI hideaki SAKAI Oranqe Labs Tokyo France Telecom Japan Co.Ltd Department of Systems Science Graduate School of InformaticsKyoto University

This paper proposes a systematic design method of overlap frequency domain equalization(FDE) for single carrier (SC) transmission without a guard interval (GI).Based on the analysis of signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the equalizer output for each symbol,the authors adaptivelydetermine the block of the overlap FDE,where the block is defined as a set of symbols at the equalizeroutput with sufficiently low error rate,for a certain fixed sliding window size,which corresponds toa fast Fourier transform (FFT) window *** proposed method takes advantage of the fact thatthe utility part of the equalized signal is localized around the center of the FFT *** addition,the authors also propose to adjust the block size in order to control the computational complexity ofthe equalization per processed sample associating with the average bit error rate (BER) of the *** results show that the proposed scheme can achieve comparable BER performance to theconventional SC-FDE scheme with sufficient GI insertion for both the coded and uncoded cases withvarious modulation levels,while requiring lower computational complexity compared to the SC overlapFDE transmission with the fixed block.

关键词： Overlap frequency domain equalization single carrier transmission SINR.

Evaluation of precipitation behavior of zirconium molybdate hydrate

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2013年第1期7卷 65-71页

作者： Liang ZHANG Masayuki TAKEUCHI Tsutomu koizumi Izumi HIRASAWA Graduate School of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo 169-8555 Japan Japan Atomic Energy Agency Ibaraki 319-1194 Japan

In the dissolution step of spent nuclear fuel, there is a world-concern problem that zirconium molybdate hydrate precipitates as a byproduct, and accumulates in some reprocessing equipments. In order to prevent this accumulation, we have developed a new method based on the controlled reaction crystallization of zirconium molybdate hydrate （ZMH） in the reprocessing solution, followed by solid liquid separation. In order to measure the particle size of ZMH, batch crystallization experiments were conducted by varying nitric acid concentration and operating temperature. In result, almost all particle sizes scatter around 1μm on average, despite the higher concentration of nitric aid and operating temperature, and then small particles grow up as an aggregate sticking to the crystallizer. Moreover, polymorph and color changing were observed by varying the concentration of nitric acid and reaction time. These results suggest that crystal color and adhesiveness are closely related to the particle size of ZMH. And the control of nitric acid concentration and small particle growth would be the useful technique to prevent the ZMH sticking.

关键词： spent nuclear fuel zirconium molybdate hydrate cleaning method accumulation