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Small-Scale Spatial Variability of Soil Nutrients and Vegetation Properties in Semi-Arid Northern China

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Pedosphere 2006年第6期16卷 778-787页

作者： CheN Fu-Sheng ZENG De-Hui he xing-yuan Daqinggou Ecological Station Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shengyang 110016 （China） Life College Nanchang University Nanchang 330047 （China）

A field experiment was conducted at Kezuohouqi County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China, which was located on the southeastern edge of the Horqin Sandy Land, to study the spatial variability of soil nutrients for a smallscale, nutrient-poor, sandy site in a semi-arid region of northern China; to investigate whether or not there were 'islands of fertility' at the experimental site; and to determine the key nutrient elements that sustained ecosystem stability. Results obtained from geostatistical analysis indicated that the spatial distribution pattern of soil total nitrogen (STN) was far different from those of soil organic matter (SOM), total phosphorus (STP), and total potassium (STK). Compared to SOM, STP, and STK, STN had a lower structural heterogeneity ratio and a longer range, while other elements were all similar. In addition, STN had an isotropic spatial structure, whereas the others had an anisotropic spatial structure. The spatial structure patterns of herbage species, cover,and height also differed, indicating that spatial variability was subjected to different ecological factors. Differences in the spatial variability patterns among soil nutrients and vegetation properties showed that soil nutrients for a small-scale were not the primary limiting factors that influenced herbage spatial distribution patterns. Incorporating spatial distribution patterns of tree species, namely, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv. and shrub Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. in a research plot and using fractal dimension,SOM, STP, and STK were shown to contribute to the 'islands of fertility' phenomenon, however STN was not, possibly meaning that nitrogen was a key limiting element. Therefore, during restoration of similar ecosystems more attention should be given to soil nitrogen.

关键词： Pinus sylvestris war. mongolica Litv. semi-arid region soil nutrients spatial variability species richness

激光辐照下PV型HgCdTe探测器反常响应机理

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强激光与粒子束 2008年第8期20卷 1233-1237页

作者：贺元兴江厚满国防科学技术大学光电科学与工程学院长沙410073

利用PV型探测器开路电压的表达式,并考虑探测器的温度变化建立模型,对激光辐照下PV型HgCdTe探测器开路电压的变化进行了理论计算。当激光较弱时,计算结果与实验结果符合得很好。当激光较强时,对于辐照过程当中探测器输出变化的一般性趋... 详细信息

利用PV型探测器开路电压的表达式,并考虑探测器的温度变化建立模型,对激光辐照下PV型HgCdTe探测器开路电压的变化进行了理论计算。当激光较弱时,计算结果与实验结果符合得很好。当激光较强时,对于辐照过程当中探测器输出变化的一般性趋势以及激光完全停照后的热弛豫过程,该模型也能给出较好的解释;但对于激光开始辐照时输出下跳和激光停止辐照时输出上跳的反常现象,该模型不能给出合理的解释。分析认为,该模型较好地描述了晶格温升对探测器输出的影响,但是它没有考虑热载流子效应;当激光较强时,热载流子效应不可忽略,特别是激光开始辐照和激光停止辐照时,载流子与晶格的温度差有比较明显的快速变化,从而导致了探测器的反常响应。

关键词： PV型HgCdTe探测器热载流子效应响应开路电压漂移-扩散模型激光辐照

Insight Into the Separation-of-Variable Methods for the Closed-Form Solutions of Free Vibration of Rectangular Thin Plates

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 329-355页

作者： Yufeng xing Ye yuan Gen Li Institute of Solid Mechanics Beihang University(BUAA)Beijing100191China

The separation-of-variable(SOV)methods,such as the improved SOV method,the variational SOV method,and the extended SOV method,have been proposed by the present authors and coworkers to obtain the closed-form analytical solutions for free vibration and eigenbuckling of rectangular plates and circular cylindrical *** taking the free vibration of rectangular thin plates as an example,this work presents the theoretical framework of the SOV methods in an instructive way,and the bisection–based solution procedures for a group of nonlinear eigenvalue ***,the explicit equations of nodal lines of the SOV methods are presented,and the relations of nodal line patterns and frequency orders are *** is concluded that the highly accurate SOV methods have the same accuracy for all frequencies,the mode shapes about repeated frequencies can also be precisely captured,and the SOV methods do not have the problem of missing roots as well.

关键词： Separation-of-variable method Rayleigh quotient nodal line eigenvalue equation bisection method

Fate and Transformation of Nitrogen from ^(15)N-Labelled Rice Straw After Feeding Goat

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Pedosphere 1992年第2期2卷 161-170页

作者： heDIAN－yuan xingTING－XIAN 等 ChangshaInstituteofAgriculturalModernization AcademiaSinicaChangsha410125（China） ChangshaInstituteof

Three goats were fed with ^15N-labelled rice straw to study the characteristics of digestion,assimilation,transformation and excretion of C and N compounds from rice *** was shown that the amount of ^15N transformed into the bodies of the two slaughtered goats accounted for 38.5 and 23.6% of the total amount of ^15N deposition of the experimental diet taken by each *** ^15N excreted through the feces and urine for the three goats accounted for 34.8,33.2 and 33.9% of the total amount of ^15N deposition in the feed of the 3 *** recovery of total ^15N for the two slaughtered goats were 73.3 and 57.5%,with the corresponding rates of ^15N loss 26.7 and 42.5% *** digestibilities of total amino acids for Goats 1 and 3 were 68.7 and 54.0%,and the digestibilties of carbohydrates for the two goats were 74.8 and 67.7% respectively.

关键词： animal feeding feed digestion nitrogen fate 15N-labelled rice straw

Responses of germination and radicle growth of two Populus species to water potential and salinity

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Forestry Studies in China 2006年第1期8卷 10-15页

作者： Li Li Zhang Xi-ming Michael Runge Li Xiao-ming he xing-yuan Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 P. R. China Albrecht-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences University of Goettingen Goetdngen 2 70731 Germany Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 P. R. China

Abstract The effects of water potential, NaCl and Na2SO4 on germination and radicle growth of two riparian tree species, Populus euphratica Oliv. and P. pruinosa Schrenk （Salicaceae）, were tested. Growth chamber studies revealed an optimum temperature range for seed germination of both species between 15-35℃. The final germination percentage of both species decreases with decreasing water potential in all types of solution applied in the experiments. P. pruinosa was less tolerant to low ψw stress than P. euphratica, especially in salt solutions. Germination percentages fell below 20% for P. pruinosa at -0.6 MPa （NaCl） or -0.4 MPa （Na2SO4） and for P. euphratica at -1.2 MPa （NaCl） or -0.6 MPa （Na2SO4）. Radicle growth of both species was inhibited by high concentrations of PEG1 NaCl and Na2SO4. However, growth was enhanced at -0.13 and -0.29 MPa in PEG or at -0.13 MPa in NaCl solutions compared to distilled water. Radicle growth of P. euphratica was higher than that of P pruinosa. Germination and radicle growth of both species exhibited ion toxicity. Na2SO4 was more toxic than iso-osmotic solutions of NaCl. Radicle growth proved to be more sensitive than seed germination. Thus, flooding does not only yield the necessary soil moisture for germination but also favors seedling establishment of both species through leaching of salts from the soil surface. The different sensitivity of the species during their early growth stages might, moreover, contribute to the observed differences in their distribution in the Talim Basin （northwest China）.

关键词： Populus euphratica P. pruinosa germination salinity radicle growth the Talim Basin

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生态系统服务流研究方法最新进展

应用生态学报 2018年第1期29卷 335-342页

作者：姚婧何兴元陈玮中国科学院森林生态与管理重点实验室沈阳110016 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所沈阳110016

生态系统服务流是生态系统服务研究的重点和难点,处于发展的起步阶段,并向着定量化和空间化的趋势发展.目前,学术界关于生态系统服务流的概念含糊不清.本文首先对生态系统服务流的两种理解及其代表性的理论和方法进行了阐述:一是生态系... 详细信息

生态系统服务流是生态系统服务研究的重点和难点,处于发展的起步阶段,并向着定量化和空间化的趋势发展.目前,学术界关于生态系统服务流的概念含糊不清.本文首先对生态系统服务流的两种理解及其代表性的理论和方法进行了阐述:一是生态系统服务从生态系统到人的传递过程,其代表性方法是分布式生态系统模型,二是生态系统服务实际上为人们所使用的那部分,其代表性方法论是黑/灰箱理论.在此基础上分别列举了这两种理解的最新研究方法,论述了不同的理解以及方法对于研究生态系统服务流的特点以及存在问题.最后,总结了未来生态系统服务流研究的发展机遇,特别强调最新的空间技术与信息技术(如大数据),以及对生态系统服务的全面认识(如重视城市生态系统服务流的研究、重视非生物流的整合等)在未来研究中的重要性.

关键词：生态系统服务流分布式生态模型大数据时空尺度非生物流

O3浓度升高对银杏及油松BVOCs排放的影响

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环境科学 2008年第2期29卷 300-304页

作者：李德文史奕何兴元中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所陆地生态过程重点实验室

以生长在沈阳市区内的银杏及油松为试材,开顶式熏气室模拟升高O3浓度(80 ***-1)和正常大气O3浓度(≈***-1)条件,采用GC-FID技术对银杏及油松的异戊二烯和7种单萜类物质的排放速率进行测定,探讨高浓度O3对单株银杏及油松挥发性有机物排... 详细信息

以生长在沈阳市区内的银杏及油松为试材,开顶式熏气室模拟升高O3浓度(80 ***-1)和正常大气O3浓度(≈***-1)条件,采用GC-FID技术对银杏及油松的异戊二烯和7种单萜类物质的排放速率进行测定,探讨高浓度O3对单株银杏及油松挥发性有机物排放规律的影响.结果表明,O3浓度增高可以显著提高银杏和油松的异戊二烯排放速率(p<0.05),及银杏Δ3-蒈烯的排放速率(p<0.05),其分别达到1.96、9.71和0.09μg.(g.h)-1,而对于其他单萜物质的排放速率,2种树木对高浓度的O3熏蒸均没有表现出显著的变化;树种不同,排放的BVOCs组成也不同,自然条件下银杏排放的BVOCs以异戊二烯为主,而油松以α-蒎烯为主;高浓度O3熏蒸下油松释放的异戊二烯达到其BVOCs组成的64.73%,增加大气O3浓度改变了树木挥发性有机物的组成比例.因此,O3浓度升高对银杏及油松BVOCs排放规律具有显著影响.

关键词：生物源挥发性有机化合物(BVOCs) O3浓度升高银杏油松

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国内植物环境胁迫研究应注意的几个基本问题

生态学杂志 2009年第1期28卷 102-107页

作者：陶大立何兴元中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所沈阳110016

根据作者多年从事植物逆境研究和教学的经验以及在近几年接触到的国内有关研究工作中发现的问题,为了提高今后研究工作的基础水平和学术期刊稿件的科学水平,特提出几个植物逆境研究中常见到的缺憾和对概念理解上的偏差予以讨论和澄清。... 详细信息

根据作者多年从事植物逆境研究和教学的经验以及在近几年接触到的国内有关研究工作中发现的问题,为了提高今后研究工作的基础水平和学术期刊稿件的科学水平,特提出几个植物逆境研究中常见到的缺憾和对概念理解上的偏差予以讨论和澄清。问题包括:环境胁迫的定义和定量,植物对环境胁迫的"直接感受",抗逆性和敏感性,耐逆性和避逆性,适应、驯化和锻炼,环境胁迫的剂量-效应关系,伤害和死亡的判定,植物细胞膜的透性和植物自由基清除系统对环境胁迫的反应。

关键词：环境胁迫植物逆境生理

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热解吸-气相色谱法测定植物源挥发性有机物

分析化学 2008年第12期36卷 1690-1694页

作者：李德文何兴元史奕中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所中国科学院研究生院

以Tenax-TA、Carboxen 1000和Carbosieve SⅢ为采样管填充料,将植物源挥发性有机物吸附于采样管内,样品通过二次热解吸仪解吸后,随载气进入气相色谱仪,采用氢火焰离子化检测器(FID)测定,建立了利用二次热解吸仪与气相色谱联用技术测定... 详细信息

以Tenax-TA、Carboxen 1000和Carbosieve SⅢ为采样管填充料,将植物源挥发性有机物吸附于采样管内,样品通过二次热解吸仪解吸后,随载气进入气相色谱仪,采用氢火焰离子化检测器(FID)测定,建立了利用二次热解吸仪与气相色谱联用技术测定植物挥发性有机物的分析方法。载气N2流速为30 mL/min,60℃下吹扫吸附管2 min,然后在250℃下解吸吸附管5 min,冷却1 min后,在275℃下解吸聚焦管3 min,样品经传输线进入气相色谱。气相色谱载气N2压力为190 kPa,FID检测器温度280℃;进样口温度225℃;初始柱温40℃,停留5 min,以2℃/min升温至120℃,保留1 min,然后以20℃/min升温至200℃,保留10 min。方法重现性好,精密度高,线性相关系数大于0.99;检出限均低于9×10-9g/L;解吸效率大于96%,适用于植物源挥发性有机物的测定。

关键词：热解吸气相色谱植物源挥发性有机物