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曝气⁃电解生态浮床的净化效果与机理分析

环境科学学报 2020年第11期40卷 3885-3894页

作者：闫诚马汤鸣杨顺清杨柳燕高燕南京大学环境学院污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室南京210023

为强化生态浮床对重污染河道水体的净化能力,采用曝气-电解生态浮床联合技术增强生态浮床的净化功能.试验考察了电流密度、曝气量和处理时间对模拟的高氮磷重污染水体的净化潜力,分析了电解反应对填料细菌群落结构组成和浮床水生植物黄... 详细信息

为强化生态浮床对重污染河道水体的净化能力,采用曝气-电解生态浮床联合技术增强生态浮床的净化功能.试验考察了电流密度、曝气量和处理时间对模拟的高氮磷重污染水体的净化潜力,分析了电解反应对填料细菌群落结构组成和浮床水生植物黄菖蒲(Iris pseudacorus)生长的影响.结果表明:在进水NH3.N浓度为10 mg·L-1,PO43.浓度为0.8 mg·L-1,电流密度为0.74 mA·cm-2,水力停留时间为3.d的条件下,相比于电解生态浮床和传统的生态浮床,曝气-电解生态浮床有利于水体中NH3.N的去除(p3.N浓度下降至(0.92±0.24) mg·L-1,而电解生态浮床处理的水体NH3.N浓度为(6.85±0.17) mg·L-1,传统生态浮床处理水体中NH3.N浓度高达(8.09±0.40) mg·L-1,曝气促进了水体中NH3.N向NO-2-N和NO-3.N的转化.电解有利于水体中PO43.的去除,电解生态浮床处理水体中的PO43.浓度下降至(0.43.0.02) mg·L-1,曝气-电解生态浮床处理的水体中PO43.-P下降至(0.46±0.02) mg·L-1,可见,电解促进了PO43.的去除.从对***生理生化指标变化分析可知,曝气有利于减弱电解反应对***的损伤;对基质生物膜的16S rDNA分析可知,电解反应增加了浮床基质中自养反硝化微生物数量.因此,曝气-电解生态浮床是一种有效的净化重污染水体的方法.

关键词：电解曝气生态浮床脱氮除磷脱氮微生物

Responsive Trimodal Probes for In Vivo Imaging of Liver Inflammation by Coassembly and GSH-Driven Disassembly

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Research 2020年第1期2020卷 677-689页

作者： Yuxuan Hu Yuqi Wang Xidan Wen Yifan Pan Xiaoyang cheng Ruibing An Guandao Gao Hong-Yuan Chen De{3. Ye state key laboratory of Analytical C{3.mistry for Life Science Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center(ChemBIC)School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China state key laboratory of {3. control and resource reuse School of EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

Noninvasive in vivo imaging of hepatic glutathione(GSH)levels is essential to early diagnosis and prognosis of acute *** GSH-responsive fluorescence imaging probes have been reported for evaluation of hepatitis conditions,the low penetration depth of light in liver tissue has impeded reliable GSH visualization in the human *** present a liver-targeted and GSH-responsive trimodal probe(GdNPs-Gal)for rapid evaluation of lipopolysaccharide-(LPS-)induced acute liver inflammation via noninvasive,real-time in vivo imaging of hepatic GSH ***-Gal are formed by molecular coassembly of a GSH-responsive Gd(III)-based MRI probe(1-Gd)and a liver-targeted probe(1-Gal)at a mole ratio of 5/1(1-Gd/1-Gal),which shows high r_(1) relaxivity with low fluorescence and fluorine magnetic resonance spectroscopic(^(19)F-MRS)*** interaction with GSH,1-Gd and 1-Gal are cleaved and GdNPs-Gal rapidly disassemble into small molecules 2-Gd,2-Gal,and 3.producing a substantial decline in r_(1) relaxivity with compensatory enhancements in fluorescence and ^(19)*** combining in vivo magnetic resonance imaging(^(1)H-MRI)with ex vivo fluorescence imaging and ^(19)F-MRS analysis,GdNPs-Gal efficiently detect hepatic GSH using three independent *** noninvasively visualized LPS-induced liver inflammation and longitudinally monitored its remediation in mice after treatment with an anti-inflammatory drug,dexamethasone(DEX).Findings highlight the potential of GdNPs-Gal for in vivo imaging of liver inflammation by integrating molecular coassembly with GSH-driven disassembly,which can be applied to other responsive molecular probes for improved in vivo imaging.

关键词： inflammation modal Probe

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毕节喀斯特石漠化区野生植物资源及区系研究

西北植物学报 2020年第10期40卷 1768-1777页

作者：张红梅陈浒陈静郭城黄菊贵州师范大学喀斯特研究院/国家喀斯特石漠化防治工程技术研究中心/中国南方喀斯特生态环境学科创新引智基地(“111基地”)/贵州省喀斯特山地生态环境省部共建国家重点实验培育基地贵阳550001

为了明确毕节喀斯特石漠化地区的植物资源及区系特征,该研究于2018年、2019年分别采用样线和样方法对研究区的野生植物资源进行调查,同时通过标本采集、文献查阅等方法对研究区的植物资源及区系进行分析,为喀斯特石漠化治理及生态保护... 详细信息

为了明确毕节喀斯特石漠化地区的植物资源及区系特征,该研究于2018年、2019年分别采用样线和样方法对研究区的野生植物资源进行调查,同时通过标本采集、文献查阅等方法对研究区的植物资源及区系进行分析,为喀斯特石漠化治理及生态保护提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)研究区植物总计13.科43.属721种,其中蕨类10科13.16种,裸子植物7科9属11种,被子植物116科417属695种;被子植物中,单子叶植物15科75属121种,双子叶植物101科3.2属574种;珍稀濒危植物共3.种,隶属于14科24属。(2)资源植物分类中,药用类植物121科3.9属516种,蜜源植物74科180属3.3.,食用类植物3.科60属75种,观赏类植物75科146属209种,纤维类植物42科82属89种,淀粉和糖料类植物21科3.属59种,芳香油类植物25科88属13.种,油脂类植物63.117属144种,树脂及树胶类植物17科17属22种,鞣料类3.科63.87种,其他植物资源合计68科128属155种。(3.植物区系上蕨类植物的科、属区系分化小,种子植物科的区系划分为9个分布区类型、9个亚型,以热带成分为主;属级水平上共15个分布区类型、20个亚型,属水平上温带成分占优势。研究表明,研究区植物资源种类丰富,植物区系具有温带和热带双重性质和过渡性特征。

关键词：野生植物资源植物区系石漠化喀斯特

ENHANCING RAINFALL-RUNOFF pollution MODELING BY INCORPORATION OF NEGLECTED PHYSICAL PROCESSES

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2023年第4期10卷 553-565页

作者： Mingjin cheng Xin LIU Han XIAO Fang WANG Minghao PAN Zengwei YUAN Hu SheNG state key laboratory of {3. control and resource reuse School of EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Lishui Institute of Ecology and environment Nanjing UniversityNanjing 211200China

The growing need to mitigate rainfall-runoff pollution,especially first flush,calls for accurate quantification of pollution load and the refined understanding of its spatial-temporal *** wash-off model has advantages in modeling rainfall-runoff pollution due to the inclusion of two key physical processes,build-up and ***,this disregards pollution load from wet precipitation and the relationship between rainfall and runoff,leading to uncertainties in model *** study integrated the Soil Conservation Service curve number(SCS-CN)into the wash-off model and added pollutant load from wet precipitation to enhance the rainfall-runoff pollution *** enhanced wash-off model was validated in a typical rural-residential *** results showed that the model performed better than the established wash-off model and the commonly-used event mean concentrations method,and identified two different modes of pollution characteristics dominated by land pollution and rainfall pollution,*** addition,the model simulated more accurate pollutant concentrations at *** this,it was found that 12%of the total runoff contained 80%to 95%of the total load for chemical oxygen demand,total N,and total P,whereas it contained only 15%of the total load for NH4+-*** enhanced model can provide deeper insights into non-point pollution mitigation.

关键词： Erhai Lake field experiment non-point source pollutionn load rainfall runoff wash-off model

Real-world emission characteristics of carbonyl compounds from agricultural machines based on a portable emission measurement system

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2023年第2期124卷 846-859页

作者： Wenhan Yu Xianbao Shen BoboWu Lei Kong Kaijie Xuan cheng Zhao Xinyue Cao Xuewei Hao Xin Li Hanyu Zhang Zhiliang Yao school of Ecology and environment Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China state environmental Protection key {3. of Food Chain pollution control Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China key laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated resource Utilization of {3. National Light Industry Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China

Emissions of carbonyl compounds from agricultural machines cannot be *** compounds can cause the formation of ozone(O3.and secondary organic aerosols,which can cause photochemical smog to *** this study,20 agricultural machines were tested using portable emission measurement system(PEMS)under real-world tillage *** exhaust gases were sampled using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine cartridges,and 15 carbonyl compounds were analyzed by high-performance liquid *** compound emission factors for agricultural machines were 51.14–3.15.62 mg/(kg-fuel),and were 2.58±2.05,0.86±1.07 and 0.29±0.20 g/(kg-fuel)for {3. 0,{3. II and {3. III emission standards,*** compound emission factor for sowing seeds of {3. 0 agricultural machines was 3.3.±1.73.g/(kg-fuel).Formaldehyde,acetaldehyde and acrolein were the dominant carbonyl compounds *** in emission standards and tillage processes impact ozone formation potential(OFP).The mean OFP was 20.15±16.15 g O3.(kg-fuel)for the {3. 0 emission *** OFP values decreased by 66.9% from {3. 0 to {3. II,and 67.4%from {3. II to {3. *** mean OFP for sowing seeds of {3. 0 agricultural machines was 25.92±13.84 g O3.(kg-fuel).Between 1.75 and 24.22 times more ozone was found to be formed during sowing seeds than during other processes for {3. 0 and {3. II agricultural *** carbonyl compound emissions from agricultural machines in {3. was 19.23.Gg in *** results improve our understanding of carbonyl compound emissions from agricultural machines in {3..

关键词： Agricultural machines Carbonyl compounds Emission characteristics Tillage process PEMS

Degradation of bisphenol-A using ultrasonic irradiation assisted by low-concentration hydrogen peroxide

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2011年第1期23卷 31-36页

作者： Kejia Zhang Naiyun Gao yang Deng Tsair Fuh Lin Yan Ma Lei Li Minghao Sui state key laboratory of {3. control and resource reuse Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China Department of Earth and environmental Studies Montclair State University Montclair New Jersey 07043 USA Department of environmental Engineering and Sustainable environment Research Center 'National' Cheng Kung University Tainan 70101 Taiwan

This study investigated the degradation of bisphenol-A （BPA） by ultrasonic irradiation in the presence of different additives （H2O2, air bubbles and humic acid） under various operating conditions, i.e., ultrasonic frequency, power intensity and power density. The results demonstrated that the BPA degradation followed pseudo first-order kinetics under different experimental conditions. The optimum power intensities were 0.9, 1.8, and 3.0 W/cm2 at the frequencies of 400, 670, and 800 kHz, respectively. At the fixed frequency （800 kHz）, the degradation rate of BPA was shown proportional to the increase of power density applied. With this manner, the BPA sonolysis could be facilitated at H202 dosage being lower than 0.1 mmol/L; while BPA degradation was hindered at H202 concentration in excess of 1 mmol/L. Additionally, BPA removal was shown to be inhibited by the presence of aeration and humic acid during ultrasonic irradiation. The present study suggested that the degradation rate of BPA assisted by ultrasonic irradiation was influenced by a variety of factors, and high BPA removal rate could be achieved under appropriate conditions.

关键词： bisphenol-A (BPA) ultrasonic irradiation power density additives

土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯气相色谱保留分异及其构效关系

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环境化学 2018年第11期37卷 2452-2461页

作者：刘畅谷成刚提清清蔡君卞永荣宋洋杨兴伦王芳孙成蒋新中国科学院南京土壤研究所中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室南京210008 中国科学院大学北京100049 南京大学环境学院污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室南京210023

本文选择典型HP-5MS色谱柱和选择离子扫描模式(SIM),通过不同土壤加标回收验证和分析参数调节,优化建立了适用于土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)检测分析方法,揭示了PAEs色谱保留分异特征;结合PAEs主要电子结构和... 详细信息

本文选择典型HP-5MS色谱柱和选择离子扫描模式(SIM),通过不同土壤加标回收验证和分析参数调节,优化建立了适用于土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)检测分析方法,揭示了PAEs色谱保留分异特征;结合PAEs主要电子结构和热力学性质的量子化学Hartree-Fock计算,由偏最小二乘(PLS)分析方法成功发展了PAEs色谱保留分异的定量结构-性质相关关系(QSPR).研究结果显示,GC-MS分析方法对土壤中酞酸酯的平均回收率在70.64%—119.80%之间,相对标准偏差为0.23.—16.45%,表明其对不同土壤中PAEs的分析测定具有较好适宜性.QSPR对色谱保留分异的调整累积解释方差R2y,cum(adj)达0.968,累积交叉验证相关系数Q2cum和外部预测相关系数Q2EXT分别为0.941与0.854,表明模型具有较好的稳定性和预测性能,可满足PAEs未知色谱保留行为准确预测和定性识别的要求.QSPR分析表明,PAEs分子的极化率及其与弱极性固定相分子间的色散作用是主导其色谱保留分异与变化的重要结构因子,而PAEs的热力学稳定性越强,热运动越慢,越可能极大促进PAEs在色谱固定相表面通过色散而非化学作用介导的吸附过程,延长色谱保留时间.这对环境中PAEs的分析与鉴定具有重要的科学意义.

关键词：塑化剂土壤色谱保留时间偏最小二乘法定量结构-性质相关

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粪便中病原微生物快速检测方法研究进展

生态与农村环境学报 2021年第4期37卷 430-438页

作者：傅子鹏刘成斌李秋菊毛舜同济大学环境科学与工程学院/污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室上海200092

近年来国内乡村生态环境的保护和改善受到高度关注,其中厕所粪便的无害化处理和资源化利用是乡村居住环境改造的重点之一。粪便中的病原微生物可通过污染食物或水源感染人类,对公共健康和生态环境产生很大危害,因此针对粪便中病原微生... 详细信息

近年来国内乡村生态环境的保护和改善受到高度关注,其中厕所粪便的无害化处理和资源化利用是乡村居住环境改造的重点之一。粪便中的病原微生物可通过污染食物或水源感染人类,对公共健康和生态环境产生很大危害,因此针对粪便中病原微生物的快速检测方法的研究至关重要。该文综述了目前粪便中病原微生物快速检测方法的研究进展,特别是核酸检测法、免疫学检测法和生物传感器检测法这3.新兴的病原微生物快速检测方法。核酸检测法通对目标序列进行放大扩增,可以检测目标病原体的特定基因,检测准确度高;免疫学检测法利用抗原-抗体杂交反应,据此开发的试剂盒能够快速检测目标物;生物传感器检测法主要依靠光学和电化学分析技术,样品制备简单,能够实现检测系统的微型化、模块化和集成。文中对比了几种方法的检测限和检测时间,并对其优缺点和实际应用潜力进行了分析讨论。

关键词：粪便病原微生物快速检测方法核酸分析免疫学生物传感

“三线一单”纳入城市发展战略环评技术体系研究

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中国环境科学 2018年第12期38卷 4772-4779页

作者：成润禾李巍李天威李元实刘小丽北京师范大学环境学院水环境模拟国家重点实验室北京100875 生态环境部环境工程评估中心北京100012

将生态保护红线、环境质量底线、资源利用上线和环境准入负面清单(即"三线一单")环境管理要求纳入战略环境评价(SEA),是完善城市发展SEA的潜在有效手段,然而如何将两者进行有机结合尚缺乏实践经验.本文探讨了"三线一单"在城市发展SEA各... 详细信息

将生态保护红线、环境质量底线、资源利用上线和环境准入负面清单(即"三线一单")环境管理要求纳入战略环境评价(SEA),是完善城市发展SEA的潜在有效手段,然而如何将两者进行有机结合尚缺乏实践经验.本文探讨了"三线一单"在城市发展SEA各主要评价环节的作用与评价内容,从重点任务和技术流程两方面建构了基于"三线一单"的城市发展SEA评价技术体系,并以鄂尔多斯绿色发展SEA为例进行检验.结果显示,对于鄂尔多斯这类空间尺度大、自然环境和产业发展异质性高的城市,该体系能够有效预防和解决战略实施过程中城镇无序扩张和产业结构失调造成的环境污染、生态功能退化和资源配置低效等问题,并推动完善城市分级分区差异化环境管控.

关键词：战略环境评价城市绿色发展三线一单技术体系鄂尔多斯