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Problems, challenges and future of plant disease management: from an ecological point of view

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第4期15卷 705-715页

作者： he dun-chun ZHAN Jia-sui XIE Lian-hui Fujian Key Lab of Plant Virology Institute of Plant Virology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Key Lab for Biopesticide and Chemical Biology Ministry of EducationFujian Agriculture and Forestry University

Plant disease management faces ever-growing challenges due to：（i） increasing demands for total, safe and diverse foods to support the booming global population and its improving living standards; （ii） reducing production potential in agriculture due to competition for land in fertile areas and exhaustion of marginal arable lands; （iii） deteriorating ecology of agro-ecosystems and depletion of natural resources; and （iv） increased risk of disease epidemics resulting from agricultural intensification and monocultures. Future plant disease management should aim to strengthen food security for a stable society while simultaneously safeguarding the health of associated ecosystems and reducing dependency on natural resources. To achieve these multiple functionalities, sustainable plant disease management should place emphases on rational adaptation of resistance, avoidance, elimination and remediation strategies individually and collectively, guided by traits of specific host-pathogen associations using evolutionary ecology principles to create environmental （biotic and abiotic） conditions favorable for host growth and development while adverse to pathogen reproduction and evolution.

关键词： disease resistance avoidance elimination and remediation ecological plant disease management evolutionaryprinciple food security plant disease economy

Triple bottom-line consideration of sustainable plant disease management:From economic,sociological and ecological perspectives

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第10期20卷 2581-2591页

作者： he dun-chun Jeremy J.BURDON XIE Lian-hui Jiasui ZHAN Institute of Eco-technological Economics School of Economics and TradeFujian Jiangxia UniversityFuzhou 350108P.R.China Fujian Key Lab of Plant Virology Institute of Plant VirologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002P.R.China CSIRO Agriculture CanberraA.C.T.2601Australia Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsala 75007Sweden

Plant disease management plays an important role in achieving the sustainable development goals of the United Nations(UN)such as food security,human health,socio-economic improvement,resource conservation and ecological ***,technologies available are often limited due to different interests between producers and society and lacks of proper understanding of economic thresholds and the complex interactions among ecology,productivity and profitability.A comprehensive synergy and conflict evaluation of economic,sociological and ecological effects with technologies,productions and evolutionary principles as main components should be used to guide sustainable disease management that aims to mitigate crop and economic losses in the short term while maintaining functional farm ecosystem in the long ***,there should be an increased emphasis on technology development,public education and information exchange among governments,researchers,producers and consumers to broaden the options for disease management in the future.

关键词： plant disease management agricultural sustainability disease economics food security resource conservation

The effect of Ti and Zr content on the structure,mechanics and energy-release characteristics of Ti—Zr—Ta alloys

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第1期31卷 343-350页

作者： Jia-yu Meng Jing-zhi he Bin Zhang Jin Chen Shun Li dun Niu Yu Tang Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an710065China College of Aerospace Science and Engineering National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha410073China

Energetic structural materials(ESMs)are a new type of structural materials with bearing and damage *** this work the microstructure,mechanical properties and energy release characteristics of multi-element Ti-Zr-Ta alloys with good casting performance were *** microstructure of the Ti_(x)ZrTa alloys gradually change from BCC+HCP to single BCC structure with the increase of *** the Ti_(2)Zr_(y)Ta alloys was still uniform and single BCC structure with the increase of *** evolution of microstructure and composition then greatly affect the mechanical properties and energy-release characteristics of Ti-Zr-Ta *** synergistic effect of dual phase structure increases the fracture strain of Ti_(x)ZrTa(x=0.2,0.5)with the Ti content decreases,while the fracture strain of Ti_(x)ZrTa(x=2.0,3.0,4.0)gradually increase with the Ti content increases caused by the annihilation of the obstacles for dislocation *** as Zr content increases,the fracture strain of Ti_(2)Zr_(y)Ta alloys decrease,then the oxidation reaction rate and fragmentation degree gradually *** higher oxidation rate and the lager exposed oxidation area jointly leads the higher releasing energy efficiency of Ti_(x)ZrTa alloys with low Ti content and Ti_(2)Zr_(y)Ta alloys with high Zr content.

关键词： Energetic structural materials Ti-Zr-Ta Multi-element alloy Energy release characteristics

In-situ powder mixing for laser-based directed energy deposition of functionally graded materials

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Advances in Manufacturing 2024年第1期12卷 150-166页

作者： Ji-Peng Chen Shou-chun Xie he Huang School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037People’s Republic of China Nanjing Huirui Photoelectric Technology Co. LtdNanjing211121People’s Republic of China

The mixing of powders is a highly relevant field under additive manufacturing,however,it has attracted limited interest to *** in-situ mixing of various powders remains a significant *** paper proposes a new method utilizing a static mixer for the in-situ mixing of multiple powders through the laser-based directed energy deposition(DED)of functionally graded ***,a powder-mixing experimental platform was established;WC and 316L powders were selected for the mixing ***,scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectroscopy,and image processing were used to visually evaluate the homogeneity and proportion of the in-situ mixed ***,powder-mixing simulations were conducted to determine the powder-mixing *** the simulations,a powder carrier gas flow field and particle mixing were ***,a WC/316L metal matrix composite sample was produced using laser-based DED to verify the application potential of the static *** was found that the static mixer could adjust the powder ratio online,and a response time of 1–2 s should be considered when adjusting the ratio of the mixed powder.A feasible approach for in-situ powder mixing for laser-based DED was demonstrated and investigated,creating the basis for functionally graded materials.

关键词： Laser Deposition Static mixer Powder mixing Functionally graded materials

Molecular investigation into the transformation of recalcitrant dissolved organic sulfur in refinery sour water during stripping process

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Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 2112-2119页

作者： Yu-Guo Li Chen he chun-Mao Chen Fan Liu Quan Shi State Key Laboratory of heavy Oil Processing China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China State Key Laboratory of Coal Mining and Clean Utilization Beijing 100013China PetroChina Ningxia Petrochemical Company Yinchuan 750021NingxiaChina

Refinery sour water primarily originates from the tops of towers in various units and coker condensate,and cannot be discharged directly to a wastewater treatment plant due to high levels of chemical oxygen demand(COD)and organic sulfur *** after the recovery of H_(2)S from the sour water by the stripping process,the effluent still contains a high concentration of dissolved organic sulfur(DOS),which can have a huge bad *** chemical composition of dissolved organic matter(DOM)in refinery wastewater has been extensively studied,the investigation of recalcitrant DOS from sour waters remains *** the present study,chemical composition of sour water DOMs(especially DOS)was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy(excitation-emission matrix,EEM)and mass spectrometry,including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)and high-resolution Orbitrap *** GC-MS and EEM results showed that volatile and low-aromaticity compounds were effectively removed during the stripping process,while compounds with high hydrophilicity and humification degree were found to be more *** Orbitrap MS results showed that weak-polar oxygenated sulfur compounds were easier to be removed than oxygenated ***,the effluent still contained significant amounts of sulfur-containing compounds with multiple sulfur atoms,particularly in the form of highly unsaturated and aromatic *** Orbitrap MS/MS results of CHOS-containing compounds from the effluent indicate that the sulfur atoms may exist as sulfonates,disulfide bonds,*** the composition and structure of sour water DOS is crucial for the development of effective treatment processes that can target polysulfide compounds and minimize their impact on the environment.

关键词： Molecular transformation Dissolved organic sulfur Stripping process Refinery sourwater Orbitrap MS

Resurgence of pertussis:reasons and coping strategies

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第7期20卷 639-642页

作者： chun-Zhen Hua Han-Qing he Qiang Shu Department of Infectious Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthChildren’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310052China Department of Immunization Program Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhou310051China National Clinical Research Center for Child health Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310052China

Pertussis(whooping cough)is an acute and contagious respiratory disease caused by the pathogen Bordetella pertussis(***).*** can infect individuals of all *** with pertussis may experience severe and persistent coughing and paroxysms;for newborns and infants,pertussis may be *** development and widespread administration of the pertussis vaccine had once successfully brought pertussis under control,maintaining it at a low level for many ***,resurgence of pertussis has been reported in many countries even with high vaccination coverage *** resurgence of pertussis was first reported in the United States(USA)in 1993[1].During 2000–2016,the baseline incidence increased and the age distribution of pertussis changed in the USA[2].Other countries including Canada[3],Australia[4],European Union countries,and South Korea have also reported a rise in pertussis outbreaks[2,5].

关键词： pertussis Canada surge

Failure behavior and strength model of blocky rock mass with and without rockbolts

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2024年第6期34卷 747-762页

作者： chun Zhu Xiansen Xing Manchao he Zhicheng Tang Feng Xiong Zuyang Ye Chaoshui Xu School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210024China Key Laboratory of Water Management and Water Security for Yellow River Basin Ministry of Water Resources(under construction)Zhengzhou 450003China State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics&Deep Underground Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyBeijing 10083China Faculty of Engineering China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China School of Resource and Environmental Engineering Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081China School of Chemical Engineering Faculty of SciencesEngineering and TechnologyThe University of AdelaideAdeliade 5005Australia

To better understand the failure behaviours and strength of bolt-reinforced blocky rocks,large scale extensive laboratory experiments are carried out on blocky rock-like specimens with and without rockbolt *** results show that both shear failure and tensile failure along joint surfaces are observed but the shear failure is a main controlling factor for the peak strength of the rock mass with and without *** rockbolts are necked and shear deformation simultaneously happens in bolt reinforced rock *** the joint dip angle increases,the joint shear failure becomes more *** number of rockbolts has a significant impact on the peak strain and uniaxial compressive strength(UCS),but little influence on the deformation modulus of the rock *** the Winkler beam model to represent the rockbolt behaviours,an analytical model for the prediction of the strength of boltreinforced blocky rocks is *** agreement between the UCS values predicted by proposed model and obtained from experiments suggest an encouraging performance of the proposed *** addition,the performance of the proposed model is further assessed using published results in the literature,indicating the proposed model can be used effectively in the prediction of UCS of bolt-reinforced blocky rocks.

关键词： Blocky rock mass Rockbolt ground support Uniaxial compression test Failure mechanism Uniaxial compressive strength model

Vortex identification based on the Liutex method and its effect on fish passage upstream

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2024年第1期36卷 130-141页

作者： chun-ying Shen Rui-guo Yang Xiao-tao Shi Ming-ming Wang Shi-hua he Faculty of Electrical Power Engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming650500China Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage China Three Gorges UniversityYichang443002China Shanghai Investigation Design and Research Institute Co.LtShanghai200434China

Fishway research is important for mitigating the fragmentation of river habitats caused by hydraulic *** vertical slit fishway is a broadly used fishway type because of its high efficiency and adaptability to water ***,the resulting vortex current disrupts the fish passage hence directly affecting fish *** study aims to accurately capture the vortex structure in the fishway and analyze the effect of vortex elements(vortex structure,vortex intensity,etc.)on *** conducted an analysis of the 3-D current flow field in the fishway through the utilization of an experimental model and the large eddy simulation(LES)***,we captured the vortex information in the fishway at different flow rates using the Liutex vortex identification method and investigated the effect of the vortex on fish *** results revealed that the structures inside the fishway pool occupy most of the room,however,the areas with higher vortex strength were primarily located in the vortex near the vertical seam and the mainstream,the vortex strength inside the fishway gradually increases with increasing flow,suppressing fish *** experienced significantly increased resistance when encountering strong *** suggests that the vortex may act as a physical barrier to fish *** findings highlight the potential negative effects of vortex on fish movement and reiterate the importance of understanding vortex dynamics for aquatic environmental *** an effective tool for identifying vortices in fluid flow,the Liutex method demonstrates features of vortex within the fishway,thereby providing important insights into the interaction between fluid dynamics and aquatic organisms.

关键词： Vertical slit fishway vortex identification method Liutex large eddy simulation(LES) fish experiment computational fluid dynamics

Elastic three-dimensional phononic topological insulators with Dirac hierarchy

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第5期67卷 54-62页

作者： Shao-Yong Huo Qiu-Shuang Yang Jiu-Jiu Chen Hong-Kang Li Long-Chao Yao Fu-chun he chun-Ming Fu College of Mechanical Engineering University of South ChinaHengyang 421001China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body College of Mechanical and Vehicle EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha 410082China

Three-dimensional(3D)phononic topological insulators(TIs)featuring two-dimensional(2D)surface states and one-dimensional(1D)hinge states have opened up a new route for multi-dimensional robust wave transport,providing unprecedented methods for integrated acoustic sensors and energy harvesting ***,aiming at the elastic 3D phononic TI with gapless surface states and hinge states,the realization of elastic 3D phononic TIs with gapless surface states and hinge states is a significant challenge due to the complicated multi-mode polarization of elastic waves in 3D *** this study,we demonstrate an elastic 3D phononic TI with a Dirac hierarchy by elaborately operating the corresponding spatial symmetries of the chiral honeycomb ***,a 3D double Dirac cone of elastic wave can be achieved by doubling the lattice along the outof-plane direction to fold two iso-frequency Weyl *** topological phase transitions and 2D gapless two-fold Dirac surface states of elastic wave are realized by breaking the half-lattice spatial translation ***,based on the Brillouin zone folding along the in-plane direction,the 2D gapless two-fold surface Dirac cones are folded into four-fold surface Dirac ***,by inducing the relative radius of adjacent holes to break the in-plane spatial inversion symmetry,the fourfold surface Dirac cones are gapped and associated with a surface state inversion,in which the gapless 1D hinge Dirac dispersion is *** research offers a route for engineering the hierarchies of TIs in 3D elastic wave systems and provides new possibilities for designing 3D ultrasonic devices with unconventional functions.

关键词： Dirac topological hierarchy