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Influences and drivers of woody debris movement in urban watercourses

Science China(Technological Sciences) 2014年第8期57卷 1512-1521页

作者： ALLEN Deonie ARTHUR Scott haynes heather WALLIS Stephen G WALLERSTEIN Nicholas Institute for Infrastructure and Environment Heriot-Watt University

It is recognised that the blockage of culverts by woody debris can result in an increased risk of infrastructure damage and *** date,debris transport analysis has focused on regional fluvial systems and large woody debris,both in flume and field *** the social and economic risk associated with urban flooding,and as urban drainage design shifts away from subsurface piped network reliance,there is an increasing need to understand debris movement in urban *** prediction of urban watercourse small woody debris(SWD)movement,both quantity and risk,has undergone only limited analysis predominantly due to lack of field *** paper describes the development of a methodology to enable the collection of accurate and meaningful SWD residency and transportation data from *** presented research examines the limitations and effective function of PIT tag technology to collect SWD transport data in the field appropriate for risk and prediction *** integrated transponder(PIT)technology provides a method to collect debris transport data within the urban *** this study,the tags are installed within small woody debris and released at known locations into a small urban natural watercourse enabling monitoring of movement and travel *** velocity and detention are collated with solute time of travel,watercourse and point flow characteristics to identify the relationships between these key *** work presented tests three hypotheses:firstly,that the potential for unobstructed or un-detained SWD movement increases with flow velocity and water ***,that SWD travel distance,and the resistance forces along this travel path,influence SWD transport ***,the relationship between SWD and channel dimensions is examined with the aim of advancing representative debris transport prediction modelling.

关键词： woody debris transport prediction urban flood risk blockage solute dye tracing

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Provision,transport and deposition of debris in urban waterways

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2015年第2期30卷 142-149页

作者： Deonie Allen Scott Arthur Nicolas Wallerstien Janice Blanc heather haynes Heriot-Watt University

The transport of woody debris from urban surfaces,through local urban waterways,to constriction and blockage risk locations is not well *** trials have identified debris and watercourse dimensions as influential factors on debris movement,and large woody debris movement has been traced in the natural rural environment using time series photography,active transponders,and field *** novel passive transponder technology,small woody debris has been traced through an urban case study watercourse to establish key influential factors on urban debris *** incorporating urban debris transport detail into the source and deposition process,a complete picture of urban debris transport can be created,supporting effective culvert and trash screen design,watercourse maintenance and blockage risk *** case study highlights that factors beyond watercourse depth and velocity are influential in debris movement within an urban *** dimension and source location upstream are shown to significantly affect the potential for debris to reach a downstream constriction,illustrating a possible distance limitation in nuisance flow debris blockage risk.

关键词： Urban debris transport Flood risk Blockage Urban gross pollutants Passive integrated transponder technology

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Exploration of petrographic,elemental,and material properties of dynamic failure-prone coals

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2020年第1期30卷 69-75页

作者： heather Lawson Spokane Mining Research Division National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthSpokaneWA 99207USA

The purpose of this study is to explore how the geochemical and petrographic components of coal may impact its physical properties and how these correlate with a history of reportable dynamic failure in coal *** failure events,also termed bumps,bounces,or bursts,are the explosive failures of rock in a mining *** events occur suddenly and often with no warning,resulting in worker injury up to and including fatality in greater than 60%of reportable cases through the Mine Safety and Health Administration(MSHA).A database of variables was compiled using publicly available datasets,which includes compositional geographic,strength,and Hardgrove grindability index(HGI)*** indicated that bumping coals were less mature,lower in carbon,higher in oxygen,softer,and less well cleated than coals that did not *** liptinite content was found to correlate with higher average uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)***,no clear and direct correlation between UCS and dynamic failure status was *** findings of this study established that differences existed between coals that had versus had not experienced reportable dynamic failure *** differences were inherent to the coal itself and were independent of mining-induced risk *** further illuminated how compositional attribute of coal influenced physical properties and began to clarify potential links between geochemistry and dynamic failure *** through the better understanding of risk can more effective mitigating strategies be enacted.

关键词： Dynamic failure Coal Bump Bounce Burst

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Building Momentum to Realign Incentives to Support Open Science

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Data Intelligence 2021年第1期3卷 71-78页

作者： heather Joseph SPARC(Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition) Washington DC 20036USA

The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the urgent need to strengthen global scientific collaboration,and to ensure the fundamental right to universal access to scientific progress and its *** Science(OS)is central to achieving these *** aims to make science accessible,transparent,and effective by providing barrier-free access to scientific publications,data,and infrastructures,along with open software,Open Educational Resources,and open *** also promotes public trust in science at a time when it has never been more important to do *** the past decade,momentum towards the widespread adoption of OS practices has been primarily driven by declarations(e.g.,DORA,the Leiden Manifesto).These serve an important role,but for OS to truly take root,researchers also must be fully incentivized and rewarded for its *** requires research funders and academic leaders to take the lead in collaborating,with researchers in designing,and implementing new incentive structures,and to actively work to socialize these throughout the research *** US National Academies of Science,Engineering,and Medicine(NASEM)Roundtable on Aligning Research Incentives for OS is one such *** paper examines the strategy behind convening the Roundtable,its current participant makeup,focus,and *** also explores how this approach might be expanded and adapted throughout the global OS community.

关键词： Research assessment Incentives Open Science NASEM Roundtable

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Scattering and diffraction of plane P-waves in a 2-D elastic half-space Ⅱ：shallow arbitrary shaped canyon

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2017年第3期16卷 459-485页

作者： heather P.Brandow Vincent Lee Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles 90089 United States

Scattering and Diffraction of elastic in-plane P-and SV-waves by a surface topography such as an elastic canyon at the surface of a half-space is a classical problem which has been studied by earthquake engineers and strong-motion seismologists for over forty years. The case of out-of-plane SH waves on the same elastic canyon that is semi-circular in shape on the half-space surface is the first such problem that was solved by analytic closed form solutions over forty years ago by Trifunac. The corresponding case of in-plane P-and SV-waves on the same circular canyon is a much more complicated problem because, the in-plane P-and SV-scattered waves have different wave speeds and together they must have zero normal and shear stresses at the half-space surface. It is not until recently in 2014 that analytic solution for such problem is found by the author in the work of Lee and Liu. This paper uses the technique of Lee and Liu of defining these stress-free scattered waves to solve the problem of the scattered and diffraction of these in-plane waves on an almost-circular surface canyon that is arbitrary in shape.

关键词： diffraction elastic P-waves SV-waves weighted-residual method arbitrary-shaped canyon

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Early stages of non-classic crystal growth

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Science China Chemistry 2011年第12期54卷 1867-1876页

作者： GREER heather F. EaStChem School of ChemistryUniversity of St Andrews

Investigation of early stages of crystal growth revealed that crystal growth in some systems may not follow the classic *** the early stages of inorganic crystal growth,precursor molecules and/or nanocrystallites may aggregate into large and disordered particles with the assistance of some polymers or *** crystallization of these aggregates would then take place to form shells with high crystallinity and density,followed by an extension of the crystallization from surface to *** so-called reversed crystal growth mechanism has been found in crystallization of several inorganic compounds including zeolites,perovskites,metals and metal oxides,and will be identified in more material *** establishment of this new crystal growth route gave us more freedom to control the morphology of crystals and to understand the formation mechanism of many natural *** article gives a brief review of the recent research in this field by featuring some typical examples of the reversed crystal growth.

关键词： reversed crystal growth hollow crystals core-shell particles electron microscopy

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Bile acid signaling and biliary functions

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2015年第2期5卷 123-128页

作者： Hannah Jones Gianfranco Alpini heather Francis Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center Division Research Central Texas Veterans Health Care System Department of Medicine Texas A&M University

This review focuses on various components of bile acid signaling in relation to cholangiocytes. Their roles as targets for potential therapies for cholangiopathies are also explored. While many factors are involved in these complex signaling pathways, this review emphasizes the roles of transmembrane G protein coupled receptor(TGR5), farnesoid X receptor(FXR), ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA) and the bicarbonate umbrella. Following a general background on cholangiocytes and bile acids,we will expand the review and include sections that are most recently known(within 5–7 years) regarding the field of bile acid signaling and cholangiocyte function. These findings all demonstrate that bile acids influence biliary functions which can, in turn, regulate the cholangiocyte response during pathological events.

关键词： Bile acids Cholangiocytes Receptors Signaling

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A review of solar type Ⅲ radio bursts

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2014年第7期14卷 773-804页

作者： Hamish Andrew Sinclair Reid heather Ratcliffe SUPA School of Physics & Astronomy University of GlasgowG12 8QQUnited Kingdom Centre for Space Fusion and AstrophysicsDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of WarwickCV47ALUnited Kingdom

Solar type III radio bursts are an important diagnostic tool in the understanding of solar accelerated electron beams. They are a signature of propagating beams of nonthermal electrons in the solar atmosphere and the solar system. Consequently, they provide information on electron acceleration and transport, and the conditions of the background ambient plasma they travel through. We review the observational properties of type III bursts with an emphasis on recent results and how each property can help identify attributes of electron beams and the ambient background plasma. We also review some of the theoretical aspects of type III radio bursts and cover a number of numerical efforts that simulate electron beam transport through the solar corona and the heliosphere.

关键词： Sun: flares -- Sun: radio radiation -- Sun: X-rays gamma rays -- Sun:particle emission

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Mothers overcoming remorse to care for self and baby:An emerging concept

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2022年第4期9卷 529-532,I0004页

作者： heather Lynn Coddington West Virginia University School of Nursing KeyserWVUSA UPMC Western Maryland Health System in Special Care Nursery USA

Objectives:Mothers with substance use disorder(SUD)experience a range of emotions such as feeling ostracized,diminished,and distressed while watching their baby experience withdrawal from *** fully present in the now moment is to trust self to do what is best by moving beyond perceived boundaries to care for self and *** process of concept building arose from nursing practice encounters in a special care nursery(SCN)for babies who experienced withdrawal from ***:Liehr and Smith’s 10-phase concept building approach was used to guide the development of this *** building began with a practice *** emerging concept was named,core qualities identified,and supported through a literature *** middle range theory of uncertainty in illness was chosen to serve as theoretical support for the concept.A model was created to provide clarity on the relationships within the ***:A mini-saga was gathered from a mother in the SCN whose newborn had experienced withdrawal from *** minisaga follows:Due to the baby’s discomfort and judging eyes of the staff,she was unable to mother her *** the baby recovered,she asked for help,comforted her baby,and gained confidence to move beyond perceived boundaries to become the mother she *** perceived boundaries to attend to self and baby is trusting oneself to do what is best in spite of feeling ostracized,diminished,and distressed while watching baby withdraw from ***:This concept provides the perspective of mothers with SUD through intermodernism from experiences in nursing *** Uncertainty in Illness theory further allows practitioners to gain an understanding of the role uncertainty plays in this unique situation.

关键词： Emotions Infant Mothers Remorse Trust Uncertainty Substance-related disorders

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Evaluation of fiber optic methane sensor using a smoke chamber

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2018年第6期28卷 969-974页

作者： Mingming Li Thomas Dubaniewicz heather Dougherty Jim Addis National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Pittsburgh Mining Research Division

This report presents the results of experiments to evaluate a prototype fiber optic methane monitor exposed to smoke using a smoke chamber to simulate atmospheric conditions in an underground coal mine after a fire or explosion. The experiments were conducted using test fires of different combustible sources commonly found in mines —douglas-fir wood, SBR belt, and Pittsburgh seam coal. The experiments were designed to assess the response of the fiber optic methane sensor to different contaminants,different contaminant levels and different contaminant durations produced from the test fires. Since the prototype methane monitor detects methane by measuring absorption at a specific wavelength, optical power at the absorption wavelength(1650 nm) was measured as a function of smoke concentration and duration. The other sensor response parameter-methane response times-were measured between smoke tests to assess the impact of soot accumulation on the sensor. Results indicate that the sensor screen effectively prevented smoke from obscuring the optical beam within the sensor head, with minimal impact on the system optical power budget. Methane response times increased with smoke exposure duration, attributed to soot loading on the protective screen.

关键词： Fiber optic Methane sensor Fires Optical power Response time

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