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SARS-CoV-2 And The Gastrointestinal Disorders

TMR Theory and Hypothesis 2021年第4期4卷 549-558页

作者： SADIQUE HUSSAIN CHANDAN MOHAPATRA KESHAV TRIVEDI LAKSHIKA GUPTA harshit baweja School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Jaipur National UniversityJagatpura 302017JaipurRajasthanIndia School of Engineering and Technology Jaipur National UniversityJagatpura 302017JaipurRajasthanIndia.

Since the 1918 influenza pandemic, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has produced the largest pandemic throughout the globe. SARS-CoV and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) are both members of the Beta CoV. The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has terrible implications and is currently a serious health concern throughout the world. SARS-CoV-2 affects the respiratory system first since it is the major site of entrance into the patient, but it can also damage other systems. Aside from the typical respiratory problems, several COVID-19 patients develop gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms such as weight loss, vomiting, nausea, and diarrhea. SARS-CoV-2 may infect the GI system via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, and indications of a fecal-oral transmission pathway are growing. Globally, GI disorders (GIDs) are becoming a major source of morbidity in youth. The condition has a significant financial impact on healthcare systems and hurts people's lives;nonetheless, very little is documented about the condition's worldwide prevalence and incidence. Alterations in gut sensitivity, motility, microbiota, immunological function, and central nervous system processing are all factors that contribute to GIDs. GI malfunction results in changes in changes in gut bacteria as well as an elevation in inflammatory cytokines. As a result, recognizing GI symptoms that precede COVID-19 respiratory issues may be crucial for better early identification and treatment. In GI epithelial cells of the intestinal mucosa, ACE2 and transmembrane protease serine-type 2 were also discovered to be substantially expressed. SARS-CoV-2 may also infect and multiply in both GI and liver cells in a dynamic manner. These findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 might be a viable target for the GI tract. This review focuses on the GI complications that arise due to COVID-19 and how the CoVs give rise to GI symptoms.

关键词： COVID SARS-CoV-2 gastrointestinal diseases ACE2 intestinal dysfunction

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Facial Expression Recognition with High Response-Based Local Directional Pattern (HR-LDP) Network

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第2期78卷 2067-2086页

作者： Sherly Alphonse harshit Verma School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyChennaiIndia

Although lots of research has been done in recognizing facial expressions,there is still a need to increase the accuracy of facial expression recognition,particularly under uncontrolled *** use of Local Directional Patterns(LDP),which has good characteristics for emotion detection has yielded encouraging *** innova-tive end-to-end learnable High Response-based Local Directional Pattern(HR-LDP)network for facial emotion recognition is implemented by employing fixed convolutional filters in the proposed *** combining learnable convolutional layers with fixed-parameter HR-LDP layers made up of eight Kirsch filters and derivable simulated gate functions,this network considerably minimizes the number of network *** cost of the parameters in our fully linked layers is up to 64 times lesser than those in currently used deep learning-based detection *** seven well-known databases,including JAFFE,CK+,MMI,SFEW,OULU-CASIA and MUG,the recognition rates for seven-class facial expression recognition are 99.36%,99.2%,97.8%,60.4%,91.1%and 90.1%,*** results demonstrate the advantage of the proposed work over cutting-edge techniques.

关键词： Emotion classification CNN network HR-LDP

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Intelligent Design of High Strength and High Conductivity Copper Alloys Using Machine Learning Assisted by Genetic Algor

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 1727-1755页

作者： Parth Khandelwal harshit Indranil Manna Metallurgical&Materials Engineering Department Indian Institute of TechnologyKharagpurWest Bengal721302India Computer Science&Engineering Department Indian Institute of TechnologyKharagpurWest Bengal721302India Vice Chancellor Office Birla Institute of Technology(BIT)MesraRanchiJharkhand835215India

Metallic alloys for a given application are usually designed to achieve the desired properties by devising experimentsbased on experience, thermodynamic and kinetic principles, and various modeling and simulation ***, the influence of process parameters and material properties is often non-linear and non-colligative. Inrecent years, machine learning (ML) has emerged as a promising tool to dealwith the complex interrelation betweencomposition, properties, and process parameters to facilitate accelerated discovery and development of new alloysand functionalities. In this study, we adopt an ML-based approach, coupled with genetic algorithm (GA) principles,to design novel copper alloys for achieving seemingly contradictory targets of high strength and high electricalconductivity. Initially, we establish a correlation between the alloy composition (binary to multi-component) andthe target properties, namely, electrical conductivity and mechanical strength. Catboost, an ML model coupledwith GA, was used for this task. The accuracy of the model was above 93.5%. Next, for obtaining the optimizedcompositions the outputs fromthe initial model were refined by combining the concepts of data augmentation andPareto front. Finally, the ultimate objective of predicting the target composition that would deliver the desired rangeof properties was achieved by developing an advancedMLmodel through data segregation and data *** examine the reliability of this model, results were rigorously compared and verified using several independentdata reported in the literature. This comparison substantiates that the results predicted by our model regarding thevariation of conductivity and evolution ofmicrostructure and mechanical properties with composition are in goodagreement with the reports published in the literature.

关键词： Machine learning genetic algorithm solid-solution precipitation strengthening pareto front data augmentation

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Chronic hepatitis B and occult infection in chemotherapy patients-evaluation in oncology and hemato-oncology settings:The CHOICE study

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World Journal of Virology 2024年第1期13卷 61-68页

作者： Nayana Sudevan Manish Manrai T V S V G K Tilak harshit Khurana Harikrishnan Premdeep Department of Internal Medicine Armed Forces Medical CollegePune 411040India Department of Gastroenterology Command Hospital Cantonment RdSadar BazaarCantonmentLucknowUttar PradeshIndia 226002 Department of Internal Medicine Command HospitalBangalore 560007India Department of Geriatric Medicine Armed Forces Medical CollegePune 411040India

BACKGROUND Reactivation of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a well-known risk that can occur spontaneously or following immunosuppressive therapies,including cancer *** reactivation can cause significant morbidity and even mortality,which are preventable if at-risk individuals are identified through screening and started on antiviral *** To determine the prevalence of chronic HBV(CHB)and occult HBV infection(OBI)among oncology and hematology-oncology patients undergoing *** In this observational study,the prevalence of CHB and OBI was assessed among patients receiving *** markers of HBV infection[hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)/anti-hepatitis B core antigen(HBc)]were evaluated for all *** DNA levels were assessed in those who tested negative for HBsAg but positive for total *** The prevalence of CHB in the study cohort was determined to be 2.3%[95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.0-4.2].Additionally,the prevalence of OBI among the study participants was found to be 0.8%(95%CI:0.2-2.3).CONCLUSION The findings of this study highlight the importance of screening for hepatitis B infection in oncology and hematology-oncology patients undergoing *** individuals with CHB and OBI is crucial for implementing appropriate antiviral prophylaxis to prevent the reactivation of HBV infection,which can lead to increased morbidity and mortality.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Chronic hepatitis B Occult B infection Oncology Hepatitis B reactivation Hematologyoncology

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Annealing-induced long-range charge density wave order in magnetic kagome FeGe:Fluctuations and disordered structure

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第11期67卷 112-121页

作者： Chenfei Shi Yi Liu Bishal Baran Maity Qi Wang Surya Rohith Kotla Sitaram Ramakrishnan Claudio Eisele harshit Agarwal Leila Noohinejad Qian Tao Baojuan Kang Zhefeng Lou Xiaohui Yang Yanpeng Qi Xiao Lin Zhu-An Xu Arumugam Thamizhavel Guang-Han Cao Sander Van Smaalen Shixun Cao Jin-Ke Bao Department of Physics Materials Genome InstituteInstitute for Quantum Science and TechnologyShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Key Laboratory of Quantum Precision Measurement of Zhejiang Province School of PhysicsZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310023China School of Physics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Tata Institute of Fundamental ResearchMumbai 400005India School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China Laboratory of Crystallography University of BayreuthBayreuth 95447Germany Department of Quantum Matter AdSEHiroshima UniversityHigashi-Hiroshima 739-8530Japan P24 PETRA IIIDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYHamburg 22607Germany Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province School of ScienceWestlake UniversityHangzhou 310024China Department of Physics China Jiliang UniversityHangzhou 310018China Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China School of Physics Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou 311121China

Charge density wave(CDW) in kagome materials with the geometric frustration is able to carry unconventional ***, a CDW has been observed below the antiferromagnetic order in kagome FeGe, in which magnetism and CDW are intertwined to form an emergent quantum ground state. However, the CDW is only short-ranged and the structural modulation originating from it has yet to be determined experimentally. Here we realize a long-range CDW order by post-annealing process,and resolve the structure model through single crystal X-ray diffraction. Occupational disorder of Ge resulting from short-range CDW correlations above T_(CDW) is identified from structure refinements. The partial dimerization of Ge along the c axis is unveiled to be the dominant distortion for the CDW. Occupational disorder of Ge is also proved to exist in the CDW phase due to the random selection of partially dimerized Ge sites. Our work provides useful insights for understanding the unconventional nature of the CDW in FeGe.

关键词： charge density wave kagome disordered structure fluctuations

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Paradigm shift in transfusion practices during early COVID-19 pandemic:A single center retrospective study

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World Journal of Virology 2024年第2期13卷 78-86页

作者： Sumukh Arun Kumar Sushmita Prabhu Ankushi Sanghvi Maya Gogtay Mithil Gowda Suresh harshit Khosla Yuvaraj Singh Ajay Kumar Mishra Susan George Department of Internal Medicine Saint Vincent HospitalWorcesterMA 01608United States Department of Hematology and Oncology University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 68198United States Hospice and Palliative Care UTHSC and McGovern School of MedicineTexasTX 77030United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01655United States Division of Cardiology Saint Vincent HospitalWorcesterMA 01608United States

BACKGROUND The advent of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)unveiled the worst national blood crisis that the United States had witnessed in over a *** the pandemic influencing the different stages of the acquisition of blood products outside the hospital setting,we aimed to explore the possible barriers contributing to the shortage of blood products within the medical *** COVID era and pre-COVID *** We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study on hospitalized patients distinguishing the pattern of blood transfusion during the COVID and pre-COVID era in a community *** was tabulated to include the number of red blood cell(RBC)transfusions and if transfusions met restrictive blood transfusion criteria as per institutional ***-square was applied to test the statistical association between qualitative *** t test and Mann Whitney U test were applied respectively to test the mean difference of quantitative *** A total of 208 patients were included in the study,of which 108 were during COVID era and 100 were during pre-COVID *** leading reason for admission in both the COVID era and pre-COVID era transfused patients was shortness of breath(53.7%and 36%P=0.001),followed by gastrointestinal bleeding(25.9%and 21%P=0.001).There was a higher percentage of RBC transfusions in the intensive care unit in the COVID-era group than in the pre-COVID era group(38.9%vs 22%,P=0.008).The restrictive transfusion criteria were met in 62%vs 79%in the COVID and pre-COVID eras,respectively(P=0.008).CONCLUSION The COVID-era group received RBC transfusions with less stringent adherence to restrictive blood transfusion practices in comparison to pre-COVID era group.

关键词： Blood transfusion Restrictive transfusion COVID-19 Pre-COVID-19 Blood shortage Pandemic

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An update on the role of medical treatment including antioxidant therapy in varicocele

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第2期18卷 222-228,J0004页

作者： harshit Garg Rajeev Kumar Department of Urology All india Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India

Varicocele-associated male infertility has classically been managed using surgery or assisted reproductive techniques. With increasing evidence of oxidative stress as a pathophysiological factor in varicocele-associated infertility, medical therapy especially antioxidants might become a treatment option with lower risks. We reviewed the existing literature on the role of various medical agents in the management of male infertility attributed to varicoceles. Medical therapy is typically evaluated in three different situations such as （a） comparison of two drugs or one drug with placebo, （b） comparison of drugs versus surgery, and （c） comparison of drugs as adjuvant therapy with surgery versus drug therapy alone. Due to heterogeneity of data and lack of well-conducted studies, there is insufficient data to recommend routine use of medical therapy for men with varicocele-associated infertility and surgery remains the treatment of choice. Pregnancy and live birth rates are usually not reported in most studies and mere improvement in sperm parameters or antioxidant capacity is insufficient to support its routine use. Antioxidant therapy is a potential option due to its theoretical benefit, data from preclinical studies, and lack of major side effects. Adjuvant therapy with antioxidants after surgical repair of varicocele may improve the outcome and is a potential area for further research.

关键词： antioxidant therapy drug therapy male infertility varicocele

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Ecological niche modelling of a critically endangered species Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari using bioclimatic and non-bioclimatic variables

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Ecological Processes 2023年第1期12卷 110-139页

作者： Manish Mathur Preet Mathur harshit Purohit ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute Jodhpur 342003India Jodhpur Institute of Engineering and Technology JodhpurIndia Neal Analytics PuneMaharashtraIndia

Background The aim of this study is to examine the effects of four different bioclimatic predictors(current,2050,2070,and 2090 under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways SSP2-4.5)and non-bioclimatic variables(soil,habitat heterogeneity index,land use,slope,and aspect)on the habitat suitability and niche dimensions of the critically endangered plant species Commiphora wightii in *** also evaluate how niche modelling affects its extent of occurrence(EOO)and area of occupancy(AOO).Results The area under the receiver operating curve(AUC)values produced by the maximum entropy(Maxent)under various bioclimatic time frames were more than 0.94,indicating excellent model ***-bioclimatic characteristics,with the exception of terrain slope and aspect,decreased the accuracy of our ***,Maxent accuracy was the lowest across all combinations of bioclimatic and non-bioclimatic variables(AUC=0.75 to 0.78).With current,2050,and 2070 bioclimatic projections,our modelling revealed the significance of water availability parameters(BC-12 to BC-19,*** and seasonal precipitation as well as precipitation of wettest,driest,and coldest months and quarters)on habitat suitability for this ***,with 2090 projection,energy variables such as mean temperature of wettest quarter(BC-8)and isothermality(BC-3)were identified as governing *** salt,rooting conditions,land use type(grassland),characteristics of the plant community,and slope were also noticed to have an impact on this *** distribution modelling of this species in both its native(west-ern India)and exotic(North-east,Central Part of India,as well as northern and eastern Ghat)habitats,we were also able to simulate both its fundamental niche and its realized *** EOO and AOO analysis reflects the possibility of many new areas in India where this species can be planted and *** According to the calculated area under the various suitability classes,we can conclude

关键词： Commiphora wightii Critically endangered Maxent Habitat heterogeneity index Niche hypervolume

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Carbon sequestration in Chir-Pine(Pinus roxburghii Sarg.) forests under various disturbance levels in Kumaun Central Himalaya

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第2期25卷 401-405页

作者： harshit Pant Ashish Tewari Department of Forestry & Environmental Sciences D.S.B. CampusKumaun University

We studied variations in tree biomass and carbon sequestration rates of Chir Pine （Pinus roxburghii. Sarg.） forest in three categories of forest disturbance, protected, moderately disturbed, and highly disturbed. In the first year, total biomass was ***-1 in highly disturbed site, 94.46 ***-1 in moderately disturbed forest, and 112.0 ***-1 in protected forest. The soil organic carbon in the top 20 cm of soil ranged from 0.63 to 1.2%. The total rate of carbon sequestration was 0.60 （t/ha）.a-lon the highly disturbed site, 1.03 （t/ha）a-1 on the moderately disturbed site, and 4.3 （t/ha）.a-1 on the protectedsite. Keywords： carbon sequestration, soil organic carbon （SOC）, disturbed forest, vegetation analysis, allometric equations

关键词： carbon sequestration soil organic carbon (SOC) disturbed forest vegetation analysis allometric equations

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Positron scattering and ionization of neon atoms—theoretical investigations

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Chinese Physics B 2010年第10期19卷 245-250页

作者： harshit N. Kothari K. N. Joshipura Department of Physics Sardar Patel University Vallabh Vidyanagar-388120 India

Although positron scattering with inert gas atoms has been studied in theory as well as in experiment, there are discrepancies. The present work reports all the major total cross sections of e＋-neon scattering at incident energies above ionization threshold, originating from a complex potential formalism. Elastic and cumulative inelastic scatterings are treated in the complex spherical e＋-atom potential. Our total inelastic cross section includes positronium formation together with ionization and excitation channels in Ne. Because of the Ps formation channel it is difficult to separate out ionization cross sections from the total inelastic cross sections. An approximate method similar to electron-atom scattering has been applied to bifurcate ionization and cumulative excitation cross sections at energies from threshold to 2000 eV. Comparisons of present results with available data are made. An important outcome of this work is the relative contribution of different scattering processes, which we have shown by a bar-chart at the ionization peak.

关键词： ionization cross sections positron scattering complex potential total cross sections

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