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Optimal control and energy storage for DC electric train systems using evolutionary algorithms

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Railway Engineering Science 2021年第4期29卷 327-335页

作者： Sam Nallaperuma David Fletcher robert harrison University of Cambridge CambridgeUK University of Sheffield SheffieldUK

Electrified railways are becoming a popular transport medium and these consume a large amount of electrical *** concerns demand reduction in energy use and peak power demand of railway ***,high transmission losses in DC railway systems make local storage of energy an increasingly attractive *** optimisation framework based on genetic algorithms is developed to optimise a DC electric rail network in terms of a comprehensive set of decision variables including storage size,charge/discharge power limits,timetable and train driving style/trajectory to maximise benefits of energy storage in reducing railway peak power and energy *** results for the considered real-world networks show a reduction of energy consumption in the range 15%–30%depending on the train driving style,and reduced power peaks.

关键词： Autonomous control Intelligent transport systems Energy optimisation DC railway systems Energy regeneration

Carbon Stock Changes in Soil and Aboveground Biomass from House Lot Development in King County, Washington, USA

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Open Journal of Forestry 2012年第1期2卷 1-8页

作者： Stephen Porder Deborah Lipson robert harrison 不详

Fossil fuel burning and deforestation have driven dramatic increases in atmospheric CO2 since the industrial revolution. However, forests in the northern temperate region sequester a substantial (~0.6 Pg?yr–1) amount of carbon (C), largely through the regrowth of secondary forests that were originally cleared for timber over one hundred years ago. In the United States, however, some regions are approaching a maximum regrowth as forests are cleared again, this time for suburban and exurban development. Here we explore the effects of such development on C stocks in King County, WA, an area with high forest cover but rapid suburban expansion. We measured soil and biomass C on 18 paired-house/forest lots, and found house lots stored ~80 Mg?C?ha–1 less soil C, and between 130 and 280 Mg?C?ha–1 less above-ground biomass C than adjacent forest lots. Combining soil C losses with estimates of C emissions from forest products yields average C emissions of 130 - 280 Mg?C?ha–1, with the majority of losses occurring at the time of lot conversion. As a comparison, suburban dwellers drive ~30% more than city residents, but this increase in annual emissions from increased driving is 1% - 2.5% of the losses of C associated with converting forests to house lots. If forestland conversion in the Seattle area continues apace, in the coming decades C emissions each year from that land-use conversion will equal ~4% of King County’s 2008 C emissions.

关键词： Land-Use Change Carbon Urban Soils Emissions Urban Growth Development

Environmental Risk Imposed by Diverted Flood Waters on Water and Soils in Emergency Retention Basins

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2010年第2期1卷 129-135页

作者： Karl Erich Lindenschmidt robert harrison Martina Baborowski 不详

Emergency retention basins (ERB) are diked enclosures alongside rivers into which water from the main river channel is diverted during extreme floods. If the basins are operated during extreme flooding, two negative environmental impacts may occur: 1) contamination of the soils due to their transport by suspended sediments to the basin and 2) depletion of dissolved oxygen in the basin water. A computer-based methodology is presented which was used to assess the environmental risk exhibited by the operation of an ERB system proposed for the Elbe River in Germany. The August 2002 extreme flood event was used as a test case. For such a flood, the results showed that there is a 77% risk that dissolved oxygen levels fall below 2 mg/L in the water and a 48% chance of exceeding the inspection value of 500 mg zinc/kg in the soil.

关键词： Environmental Risk Inundation Retention Basins Water Quality Contaminated Soils Quasi-2D Model

Measuring Ice Thicknesses along the Red River in Canada Using RADARSAT-2 Satellite Imagery

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2010年第11期2卷 923-933页

作者： Karl-Erich Lindenschmidt Gerry Syrenne robert harrison 不详

The spring flood of 2009 in the Red River Valley was exacerbated with severe ice breakup and ice jamming. To assist ice jam mitigation by cutting and breaking up the river ice cover before the flood season and to support the operation of the Red River Floodway, Manitoba Water Stewardship is striving to model the occurrence of ice breakup and simulate the behaviour of ice jamming along the river. An important parameter in ice breakup forecasting is the ice thickness. RADARSAT-2 standard satellite images were collected along the course of the Red River in Manitoba during the 2009-2010 winter to help determine ice thicknesses along the river. Standard images can have transmit-receive polarizations in the horizontal-horizontal (HH) or horizontal-vertical (HV) configurations. Ice thickness measurements were taken in the field during the same time frame when the satellite passed over the Red River Valley. Good correlations were obtained between the HH-backscatter readings and the surveyed ice thicknesses. HV-backscatter readings correlate better with fresh snow depth measurements. Additionally, using same sensor incident angle and flight geometry allows ice thickening rate behavior over the course of the winter to be determined.

关键词： Ice Jams RADARSAT-2 Red River River Ice Thickness Snow Cover Depth

Ice Jam Modelling of the Lower Red River

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2012年第1期4卷 1-11页

作者： Karl-Erich Lindenschmidt Maurice Sydor Rick Carson robert harrison 不详

The lower reach of the Red River between Winnipeg and Lake Winnipeg is very prone to ice jam flooding. The one- dimensional ice jam model RIVICE was implemented for this reach to better understand the processes leading to such events and to provide a tool to evaluate strategies for ice jam mitigation. The most downstream portion of this river stretch flows through a delta and marsh system which poses challenges in modelling ice jams in such an area of low-lying topography and river banks. Solutions to overcome these challenges are discussed in this paper and results of one such solution using water abstractions from the main channel are also presented. Abstractions are inserted in the model to represent under-ice leakage from the main channel to side channel storage and diversions (up to 65% in the Red River delta) and spillage into the delta floodplain.

关键词： Ice Jam Modeling Netley Creek Letley-Libau Marsh Red River Delta RIVICE

Carbon Stock Changes in Soil and Aboveground Biomass from House Lot Development in King County, Washington, USA

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Ice Jam Modelling of the Lower Red River

Open Journal of Forestry（林学期刊） 2012年第1期

作者： Stephen Porder Deborah Lipson robert harrison EcologyandEvolutionaryBiologyBrownUniversity CenterforEnvironmentalStudiesBrownUniversity CollegeofForestResourcesUniversityofWashington

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Effect of organic acid on Cd toxicityin tomato and bean growth

Journal of Water Resource and Protection（水资源与保护） 2012年第1期

作者： Karl-Erich Lindenschmidt Maurice Sydor Rick Carson robert harrison

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 1995年第4期7卷 399-406页

作者： Xue Dongsen robert B. harrison Charles L. Henry(University of Washington , ARIO Seattle . WA 98195 , USA)

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关键词： admium pollution phytotoxicity oxalic acid tomato: bean.

Reduced texaphyrin:A ratiometric optical sensor for heavy metals in aqueous solution

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2020年第1期14卷 19-27页

作者： harrison D.Root Gregory Thiabaud Jonathan L.Sessler Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712-1224USA

We report here a water-soluble metal cation sensor system based on the as-prepared or reduced form of an expanded porphyrin,*** metal complexation,a change in the redox state of the ligand occurs that is accompanied by a color change from red to *** long employed for synthesis in organic media,we have now found that this complexation-driven redox behavior may be used to achieve the naked eye detectable colorimetric sensing of several number of less-common metal ions in aqueous *** to In(Ⅲ),Hg(Ⅱ),Cd(Ⅱ),Mn(Ⅱ),Bi(Ⅲ),Co(Ⅱ),and Pb(Ⅱ)cations leads to a colorimetric response within 10 *** process is selective for Hg(Ⅱ)under conditions of competitive ***,among the subset of responseproducing cations,In(Ⅲ)proved unique in giving rise to a ratiometric change in the ligand-based fluorescence features,including an overall increase in *** cation selectivity observed in aqueous media stands in contrast to what is seen in organic solvents,where a wide range of texaphyrin metal complexes may be *** formation of metal cation complexes under the present aqueous conditions was confirmed by reversed phase highperformance liquid chromatography,ultra-violet-visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies,and highresolution mass spectrometry.

关键词： texaphyrin fluorescent sensor ion-sensing indium mercury